pharmacology final
Individuals with a history of eating disorders (anorexia or bulimia) have an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Similarly, persons with cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of developing eating disorders. Both are TRUE Both are FALSE 1st is TRUE, 2nd is FALSE 1st is FALSE, 2nd is TRUE
1st is TRUE, 2nd is FALSE
Severe periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of poor glycemic control. Therefore severe periodontitis may be a risk factor in the progression of diabetes. 1st statement is TRUE, 2nd is FALSE 1st statement is FALSE, 2nd is TRUE Both are TRUE. Both are FALSE.
1st statement is FALSE, 2nd is TRUE Both are TRUE.
The optimal prothrombin time for a client on anticoagulant therapy who is scheduled for dental hygiene therapy should be between 10 and 16 seconds 20 and 32 seconds 40 and 48 seconds 50 and 60 seconds
20 and 32 seconds
The optimal prothrombin time for a client on anticoagulant therapy who is scheduled for dental hygiene therapy should be between? 10-16 seconds 20-32 seconds 40-48 seconds 50-60 seconds
20-32 seconds
A client is on prophylactic antibiotic premeditation and is scheduled for two appointments. How much time should be given between appointments? 4-6 days 7-8 days 9-14 days Time between apps is not an issue.
9-14 days
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen can reduce the pharmacologic effect of: Lithium Oral contraceptives ACE inhibitors Probenecid Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen can reduce the pharmacologic effect of: oral contraceptives calcium channel blockers probenecid lithium ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors
Clients taking warfarin (Coumadin) may take which of the following for pain? Ibuprofen Acetaminophen Naproxen Aspirin
Acetaminophen
All of the following need to be listed in the Medical Alert Box on a health history form EXCEPT? Hypertension Age Premedication Allergy
Age
Which of the following orally inhaled drugs is used to treat acute asthma attacks? Albuteral Ipratropium bromide Flunisolide Salmeterol
Albuteral
If an adult client without a drug allergy to penicillin needs antibiotic premeditation because of high-risk status for infection around a total joint replacement, what antibiotic is normally prescribed? Amoxicillin, 2 g orally, one hour before the procedure Amoxicillin, 1 g orally, two hours before the procedure Penicillin, 1 g orally, two hours before the procedure Penicillin, 2 g orally, two hours before the procedure
Amoxicillin, 2 g orally, one hour before the procedure
Which of the following can be used for prophylactic antibiotic premedication if the client cannot take oral medications and is not allergic to penicillin? Tetracycline Ampicillin Amoxicillin Metronidazole
Ampicillin
Drugs with teratogenic effects can produce: An abnormal fetus Hepatotoxicity Tumors Hypoglycemia Excessive hirsutism
An abnormal fetus
Epinephrine is indicated for the emergency treatment of: Epilepsy Hypoglycemia Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Anaphylactic reaction
Anaphylactic reaction
Which of the following statements does not apply to angioedema? Lichenoid drug reaction Some drugs have been implicate in angioedema like ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs Soft tissues of head and neck swell Angioedema is always painful
Angioedema is always painful
Which of the following medications can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives? Opioids Acetaminophen Antibiotics NSAIAs Epinephrine
Antibiotics
Antipsychotic medications interact with which of the following groups of medications? Antidiabetic agents Anticholinergics ACE inhibitors Nonsedating antihistamines
Anticholinergics
Which of the following drugs should the asthmatic patient avoid? Aspirin-containing medications Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Topical anesthetics Acetaminophen
Aspirin-containing medications
Which of the following warnings should be given to clients who are prescribed metronidazole? May cause drowsiness, avoid driving Avoid milk/milk products May cause sun sensitivity Avoid alcohol Take on empty stomach
Avoid alcohol
Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of which of the following conditions? Pyschoses Gouty arthritis Parkinsonism Endogenous depression Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
Which oral side effect is MOST associated with antibiotics? Gingival enlargement Black hairy tongue Drug-influenced gingivitis Xerostomia
Black hairy tongue
Mouthwashes containing commonly used systemic antibiotics make ideal mouthwashes; because systemic antibiotics show little tendency toward antibiotic sensitization when used topically. Both the statement & reason are correct. Both the statement & reason are incorrect. Statement is correct, reason is incorrect. Statement is incorrect, reason is correct.
Both the statement & reason are incorrect.
All of the following EXCEPT one are atypical signs of an oncoming heart attack in men that are typical of a heart attack in women. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Vomiting Indigestion Dizziness Chest pain
Chest pain
Which statement about cholinergic receptors is FALSE? Cholinergic receptors are part of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system. Cholinergic receptors are also known as adrenergic receptors. The adjective cholinergic is derived from the word acetylcholine. Cholinergic receptors respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Cholinergic receptors are also known as adrenergic receptors.
Mrs. Jones is a new client in the practice. Upon completing the medical history assessment, it is apparent that she was treated for a myocardial infarction three weeks ago. What is the appropriate decision concerning dental hygiene care? a. Client should receive PREMED. b. Client should be asked to use her nitroglycerin tablets as needed. c. Client should have prothrombin times checked to ensure normal range. d. Client should be reappointed due to risk of medical emergency.
Client should be reappointed due to risk of medical emergency.
Before dental hygiene care, which of the following should be given to a client with a history of infective (bacterial) endocarditis who is allergic to penicillin? Amoxicillin Augmentin Tetracycline Clindamycin Metronidazole
Clindamycin
Your client is a 20-year-old male. He wears sunglasses and appears extremely energetic. He has a rapid speech pattern. On extraoral examination you note that his pupils appear dilated, and there is little pupil reaction to light. You ask what he ate for lunch and he states that he has not yet eaten today. You suspect that he might have taken which of the following? Alcohol Barbiturates Cocaine Heroin Marijuana
Cocaine
Persons who have chronic constipation should be given which of the following drugs with caution? Codeine Ibuprofen Amoxicillin Tetracycline Acetaminophen
Codeine
Prophylactic antibiotic premedication prior to invasive dental or dental hygiene care is prescribed for clients with a history of any of the following conditions EXCEPT? Kidney dialysis Total joint replacement within the last two years Renal transplant Controlled diabetes mellitus
Controlled diabetes mellitus
The result of insufficient blood flow from the coronary arteries into the heart or myocardium is known as? Myocardial infarction Angina pectoris Rheumatic heart disease Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease
All of the following medications contain codeine EXCEPT one. Therefore, which of the following would a physician or dentist prescribe for a client in pain who is allergic to codeine? Percocet Darvocet Vicodin Tylenol #3
Darvocet
All of the following medications contain codeine EXCEPT one. Therefore, which of the following would a physician or dentist prescribe for a client in pain who is allergic to codeine? Percocet Tylenol #3 Vicodin Darvocet
Darvocet
All of the following are chronic complication of diabetes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Glomerulonephritis, nephrosclerosis, and pyelonephritis leading to renal failure b. Retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma c. Cardiovascular complications, e.g., arteriosclerosis, microangiopathy, large vessel disease, and myocardial infarction d. Diminished cerebral function (incoherence, uncooperativeness, or bizarre behavior), hunger, headache, pale moist skin, and feelings of dizziness and weakness
Diminished cerebral function (incoherence, uncooperativeness, or bizarre behavior), hunger, headache, pale moist skin, and feelings of dizziness and weakness
The government agency responsible for regulating the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances is called the ________. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) United States Pharmacopeia Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Scheduled Drug Agency
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
If a client takes a medication that causes a side effect that is completely unexpected or different from any published side effect, the term used to explain this unique side effect is Drug hypersensitivity Drug idiosyncrasy Adverse effect Cross-sensitivity
Drug idiosyncrasy
Oral manifestations of fungal infections include all of the following EXCEPT Burning mouth syndrome Angular cheilitis Drug-influenced gingivitis Red oral mucosa
Drug-influenced gingivitis
Essential steps taken as part of professional dental hygiene care, to prevent infective endocarditis, include all of the following EXCEPT a. Ensure that prophylactic antibiotic premedication is administered one hour after invasive dental or dental hygiene procedures. b. Identify high-risk individuals by accurately reviewing the client's health history and questioning the client during assessment. c. Ensure that prophylactic antibiotic premedication is administered one hour before invasive dental or dental hygiene procedures. d. Direct the client to use a preprocedural antimicrobial rinse prior to tissue manipulation.
Ensure that prophylactic antibiotic premedication is administered one hour after invasive dental or dental hygiene procedures.
Which of the following dental drugs often contains sulfite preservatives that may cause sensitivity among asthmatics? Chlorhexidine Epinephrine Xylocaine Nitrous oxide
Epinephrine
Your patient is a 16 year old boy. His chief complaint is that he has ulcers in his mouth that are causing him pain. This instance has occurred twice before the current visit, but the ulcers disappeared in a couple of weeks. On both occasions he reported having had a sinus infection that his physician treated with amoxicillin. Based on the patient's age, gender, and health history, the oral ulcerations most likely are due to which of the following? Lichenoid drug reaction Candidiasis Erythema multiforme Xerostomia
Erythema multiforme
If a client with asthma is taking theophylline, which of the following drugs may result in toxicity? Amoxicillin Tetracycline Erythromycin Penicillin Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Which of the following parts of an antibody will combine with the antigen? Fab hinge region disulfide bond Fc
Fab
The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but not over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. True False
False
What effect can aspirin produce in the body? Dependence Increased platelet adhesiveness Decreased uric acid GI side effects Hyperthermia
GI side effects
What effect can aspirin produce in the body? dependence GI side effects increased platelet adhesiveness hyperuricemia hypothermia
GI side effects
A diabetic emergency that occurs from a lack of insulin could be reflected by any of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Stroke Glucophage Uremia Coma
Glucophage
Because she is taking aspirin, Mrs. Smith should be counseled regarding all the following EXCEPT: Overdose Increased bleeding time GI upset Headache
Headache
Clients taking diazepam (Valium) for anxiety should be counseled about all of the following except? Sedation Headache Amnesia Xerostomia
Headache
An irregularity of the auditory heartbeat caused by a turbulent flow of blood through a valve that has failed to close is known as Rheumatic heart disease Heart murmur Endocarditis Mitral valve prolapse
Heart murmur
Which of the following is NOT a pathophysiological characteristic of insulin deprivation? Weight loss Polyuria Polydipsia Hypersecretion of glucocorticosteroid
Hypersecretion of glucocorticosteroid
Diabetes mellitus is actually a group of disorders characterized by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Relative or absolute lack of insulin or improperly functioning insulin b. Impairment in the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and protein c. Abnormalities in the structure and function of blood vessels (microangiopathy) and nerves (neuropathy) d. Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex in which there is excessive production of glucocorticosteroids
Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex in which there is excessive production of glucocorticosteroids
Epinephrine can be given to all clients EXCEPT those with Diabetes Hypertension Treated arrhythmias Treated hypertension
Hypertension
What is the MOST common metabolic emergency in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus, resulting from an excess of insulin and a deficiency of glucose in the body? Coma Polyphagia Hypoglycemia Hypoinsulinism
Hypoglycemia
What is the most common side effect associated with oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylrureas) such as glyburide? Sedation Hepatotoxicity Hypoglycemia Blood dyscrasias GI upset
Hypoglycemia
Given the ASA Classification System to determine medical risk, if a client has exercise-induced asthma, under what classification would he or she fall? I II III IV
III
A client with an ASA status of _____________ should not receive dental hygiene care. III or greater I or greater II or greater IV or greater
IV or greater
All of the following medications may be prescribed as an anticoagulant to persons with valvular heart defects EXCEPT? Warfarin Ibuprofen Heparin Coumadin
Ibuprofen
Which of the following should not be given to a person with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity? Codeine Ibuprofen Hydrocodone Oxycodone Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Mrs. Smith takes one baby aspirin per day to prevent heart attack. She may be at an increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT: Bleeding, even with scaling and oral debridement Increased GI upset with addition of ibuprofen Increased GI upset with the addition of aspirin combined with codeine Inflammation
Inflammation
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with all of the following factors EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Inherited predisposition Obesity Lack of exercise Increased age
Inherited predisposition
You detect an acetone or fruity breath on the patient. What could this represent? Poor oral hygiene Hypoglycemia High fat diet Insulin overdose
Insulin overdose
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal flora? A B12 E K
K
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal flora? K A B12 E
K
An example of a Schedule I drug is ________. LSD aspirin Ambien all of the above
LSD
Corticosteroids are used to treat oral manifestations of which of the following? Herpes labialis Lichen planus Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Dry socket
Lichen planus
Corticosteroids are used to treat oral manifestations of which of the following? Lichen planus Dry socket Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Herpes labialis
Lichen planus
Which of the following statements is FALSE? NSAIDs, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamine agents can cause xerostomia. Lichenoid drug reactions are thought to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. One of the mechanisms for dysgeusia is the secretion of drugs in the saliva. The patient's complaint of xerostomia relates to the amount and type of saliva produced.
Lichenoid drug reactions are thought to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
Clients receiving antihypertensive drug therapy may experience all of the following EXCEPT Orthostatic hypotension Xerostomia Metallic taste Fatigue
Metallic taste
What is the MOST frequently occurring valvular heart defect that can result in cardiovascular damage? Mitral valve prolapse Heart murmur Endocarditis Rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Oral corticosteroids can cause all of the following conditions that can affect dental health or therapy except: GI upset CNS changes Osteoporosis Moon face
Moon face
Which of the following is the drug of choice used to treat an opioid overdose 2-PAM (protopam) Naloxone (Narcan) Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Naloxone (Narcan)
Given is a list of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. One of the risk factors is modifiable; the remaining risk factors are nonmodifiable. Which risk factor can be modified by the motivated client? Race Age Gender Oral contraceptives
Oral contraceptives
Because of the lack of specificity, most antineoplastic drugs commonly produce: Oral ulcers Hepatotoxicity Bone marrow suppression Oral ulcers and bone marrow suppression
Oral ulcers and bone marrow suppression
Which of the following types of patients would salicylates be a good choice for pain control? Patients on anticoagulant therapy Patients with hemorrhagic disorders Patients with gastric ulcerations Patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis
All of the patients should not use salicylates EXCEPT? Patients with rheumotoid arthritis Patients wth hemorrhagic disorders Patients on anticoagulant therapy Patients with gastric ulcerations
Patients with rheumotoid arthritis
Which of the following antiseizure medications is associated with drug-induced gingival enlargement? Gabapentin Lamotrigine Phenobarbital Phenytoin
Phenytoin
Which of the following would be best for the treatment of xerostomia? Probenecid Pilocarpine Ibuprofen Atropine Propranolol
Pilocarpine
Mrs. Smith requires mepivacaine with a vasoconstrictor for her hypertension. To meet the standard of care, you need to do all of the following except: Check Mrs. Smith's blood pressure Counsel Mrs. Smith about the adverse effects of mepivacaine Reassure Mrs. Smith if she feels anxious or nervous. Place Mrs. Smith in a semisupine position
Place Mrs. Smith in a semisupine position
Tetracycline therapy should be avoided in all of the following except: Postmenopausal women Nursing mothers Young children Pregnant women
Postmenopausal women
Which of the following oral bacteria is associated with increased estrogen levels? Mutans streptococcus Nocardia Prevotella species and Bacteroides species Clostridium
Prevotella species and Bacteroides species
Anticholinergic agents are contraindicated in clients with Sulfite hypersensitivity Congestive heart failure Prostatic hypertrophy Congenital cholinesterase deficiency Diarrhea
Prostatic hypertrophy
Which of the following medications has not been associated with causing gingival enlargement? Phenytoin Calcium channel blockers Cyclosporins Prozac
Prozac
Clients using a steroid inhaler such as triamcinolone acetate should be instructed to: Brush teeth after use Rinse, swish & swallow after use Rinse and swallow after use Rinse, swish, expectorate, and brush after use
Rinse, swish, expectorate, and brush after use
If a client is taking omeprazole for GERD, you should: Have the client lay flat in the dental chair Not be concerned about the adverse effects of oral treatment Seat the client in a semi-supine position Recommend ibuprofen
Seat the client in a semi-supine position
Which of the following is nitroglycerin's most common side effect? Arrhythmias Gastric upset Hypertension Angina pectoris Severe headache
Severe headache
When combined with other drugs, the effectiveness of certain drugs (such as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rimfampin) is reduced as well as the effectiveness of other drugs. This occurs by: Inhibiting drug's absorption Binding irreversibly to the drugs Enhancing drug's excretion Stimulating hepatic microsomal enzymes
Stimulating hepatic microsomal enzymes
Certain drugs can cause a negative effect on fetal development if taken by a pregnant woman. The term used for this negative effect is: Drug idiosyncrasy Teratogenic Cross-sensitivity Drug hypersensitivity
Teratogenic
A client records on the health history questionnaire that she is six months pregnant. Which of the following drugs, if prescribed for the client, would lead to a specific type of intrinsic tooth staining in the unborn child? Penicillin Amoxicillin Tetracycline Clindamycin
Tetracycline
Mr. Smith is a new client in the practice. Upon completing the medical history assessment, it is apparent that he may have unstable angina. He is experiencing frequent angina pain even while reading the newspaper in the morning. What is the appropriate decision concerning dental hygiene care? a. The client should be asked to use his nitroglycerin tablets sublingually if angina pain is experienced. b. The client should receive prophylactic antibiotic premedication prior to invasive dental hygiene therapy. c. The client should be checked for his prothrombin time to be sure that it is in the range of normal. d. The client should be immediately referred to his physician or cardiologist because he is at high risk for a medical emergency. Care is postponed.
The client should be immediately referred to his physician or cardiologist because he is at high risk for a medical emergency. Care is postponed.
Which of the following statements about candidiasis is FALSE? The fungal organism, Candida albicans, when found in the oral cavitiy is always a pathogenic organism. Antibiotics & cytotoxic drugs can cause candidiasis. Two common types of candidiasis are the pseudomembranous and the atrophic forms. Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in the oral cavity.
The fungal organism, Candida albicans, when found in the oral cavitiy is always a pathogenic organism.
All of the following are oral manifestations of menopause EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Burning sensations of the tongue Xerostomia Altered taste Thickening of the oral epithelium
Thickening of the oral epithelium
Mrs. Smith is a 37 year old African-American woman with generalized chronic periodontal disease. Her health history reviews she has high blood pressure, and was recently diagnosied with type II diabetes. She is having trouble controlling her insulin levels. What is the significance of the fact that Mrs. Smith has experienced several episodes of thrush over the past few years? Thrush is likely to occur in poorly controlled diabetics. There is no explanation. Thrush has a predilection for persons who have periodontal disease. Thrush has a predilection for middle-aged African-American women.
Thrush is likely to occur in poorly controlled diabetics.
The higher the number of the therapeutic index, the more desirable it is, because it indicates that the drug has a wide margin of safety. True False
True
The presence or absence of food in the GI tract can reduce the absorption of a drug from 30 percent to as much as 80 percent. True False
True
In which of the following types of diabetes is insulin always required? Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Insulin is required in all types
Type 1
Which type of diabetes mellitus commonly occurs in childhood & adolescents but can strike at any age? Type 1 Type 2 Both types Neither type
Type 1
Mrs. Smith does not know why she is taking thiazolidinedione (Avandia), a prescribed medication. What is the MOST likely reason for Mrs. Smith's prescribed medication? High blood pressure Appetite suppressant Type 2 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Use of albuterol inhalers can cause: Insomnia Amnesia Xerostomia Increased heart rate
Xerostomia
Which of the following oral adverse effects would you expect to see most frequently in a general clinical dental practice? Dysgeusia Erythema multiforme Xerostomia Angioedema
Xerostomia
Which of the following drugs can be substituted for aspirin in a patient with an aspirin allergy? Darvocet Percodan acetaminophen Percocet
acetaminophen
During periodontal debridement, a diabetic patient demonstrates sweating, tachycardia, and confusion. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? have patient breath in cupped hands administer oxygen administer oral carbohydrate administer insulin
administer oral carbohydrate
A drug that is able to unlock or activate a receptor and produce an effect is known as a/an ________. synergist agonist antagonist blocker
agonist
Drugs circulate in the blood bound to ________. red blood cells albumin plasma white blood cells
albumin
Question 300 / 1 point Which of the following factors determines the dose of a drug to be administered? patient's age patient's weight route of administration patient's physical condition all of the above
all of the above
Adrenergic receptors include ________. beta1 and beta2 receptors H1 and H2 receptors alpha1 and alpha2 receptors alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 receptors
alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 receptors
Xerostomia with a dry pebbly appearance of the palate and gums can be caused by? sulindac (Clinoril) amitriptyline (Elavil) metoprolol (Lopressor) beclomethasone (Beconase)
amitriptyline (Elavil)
A drug that causes xerostomia is: a cholinergic agent an anticholinergic agent an antiadrenergic agent a cholinesterase inhibitor
an anticholinergic agent
When a local anesthetic containing epinephrine is mistakenly injected into a blood vessel, the patient could demonstrate: an elevation in blood pressure contraction in the muscles of mastication bradycardia watery saliva
an elevation in blood pressure
A sedative dose of a barbiturate produces all of the following EXCEPT analgesia sleepiness CNS depression slowed reaction time
analgesia
Which of the following is a reaction characterized by laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, and severe hypotension (shock)? serum sickness anaphylaxis urticaria pruritis
anaphylaxis
Phenobarbital is often used in low doses as an antiemetic antihistamine anticonvulsant anticholinergic
anticonvulsant
Fungal infections of the oral cavity can develop with systemic administration of all the following EXCEPT? corticosteroids tricyclic antidepressants antibiotics antipyretics
antipyretics
Enteric-coated tablets ________. are coated so they are easy to swallow are made to dissolve in the small intestine provide a slow release of the drug are made to dissolve in the stomach
are made to dissolve in the small intestine
Which of the following drugs has anit-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-platelet actions? propoxyphene hydrocodone aspirin codeine acetaminophen
aspirin
Which of the following substances can contribute to a patient's stomach ulcers? aspirin cimetidine (Tagamet) cigarettes thyroid medication oral contraceptives
aspirin
Which of the following substances can contribute to a patient's stomach ulcers? cigarettes oral contraceptives thyroid medication cimetidine (Tagamet) aspirin
aspirin
Which one of the following drugs has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-platelet actions? propoxyphene codeine aspirin acetaminophen
aspirin
Jane Wallace has been taking aspirin for rheumatoid arthritis for the past two years. Prior to periodontal debridement, a dental hygienist evaluates the patient's physical condition and notices large bruises on the patient's arms. The patient reports this occurred when she was moving furniture and bumped herself. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? assess the patient's gingival tissues for bleeding and proceed as usual request a complete blood workup by the patient's physician ask patient to discontinue aspirin and reappoint refer patient for hospital dentistry notify authorities regarding possibility of abuse
assess the patient's gingival tissues for bleeding and proceed as usual
Jane Wallace has been taking aspirin for rheumatoid arthritis for the past two years. Prior to periodontal debridement, a dental hygienist evaluates the patient's physical condition and notices large bruises on the patient's arms. The patient reports this occurred when she was moving furniture and bumped herself. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? notify authorities regarding possibility of abuse assess the patient's gingival tissues for bleeding and proceed as usual ask patient to discontinue aspirin and reappoint request a complete blood workup by the patient's physician refer the patient for hospital dentistry
assess the patient's gingival tissues for bleeding and proceed as usual
The mechanism of action of local anesthetics is to block nerve synapses coagulate nerve protein reversibility depolarize persistently the nerve membrane block nerve conduction by preventing nerve depolarization
block nerve conduction by preventing nerve depolarization
Local anesthetics produce their primary effects by: depressing the reticuloactivating system (RAS) blocking nerve conduction constricting blood vessels inhibiting inflammation
blocking nerve conduction
Which of the following actions is NOT a potential side effect of epinephrine? headache tachycardia anxiety/nervousness bronchodilation bronchospasm
bronchospasm
Which oral condition could result from the administration of a glucocorticoid? candida albicans linea alba lichen planus brown hairy tongue
brown hairy tongue
Which oral condition could result from the administration of a glucocorticoid? candida albicans linea alba lichen planus brown hairy tongue gingival inflammation
brown hairy tongue
Which of the following should not be given to a person with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity? ibuprofen hydrocodone acetaminophen oxycodone codeine
buprofen
A patient who is allergic to penicillin, may have an allergic reaction to: erythromycin azithromycin tetracycline cefalexin
cefalexin
If a patient it allergic to penicillin and needs prophylactic antibiotic premedication prior to dental hygiene care, what premedication is the physician or dentist MOST likely to prescribe? clindamycin amoxicillin metronidazole tetracycline
clindamycin
Persons who have chronic constipation should be given which of the following drugs with caution? tetracycline acetaminophen amoxicillin ibuprofen codeine
codeine
Which of the following is the MOST effective antitussive medication? meperidine codeine methadone morphine nalorphine
codeine
A patient taking digitalis probably has angina pectoris or atherosclerosis atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation or essential hypertension
congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation
Which of the following may result from an overdose of insulin? glycosuria convulsions hyperglycemia diabetes insipidus
convulsions
Acute psychoses, peptic ulcers, chronic heart failure and edema are classic contraindications for which of the following drugs? cortisone nitromersol digitalis penicillin
cortisone
The most serious side effect of narcotic analgesics is their ability to: produce nausea depress respiratory function depress appetite increase blood pressure
depress respiratory function
Lichen planus can be treated topically by which of the following medications? tetracycline rifampin metronidazole dexamethasone
dexamethasone
Lichen planus can be treated topically by which of the following medications? tetracycline rifampin (Rifadin) metronidazole (Flagyl) nifedipine (Procardia) dexamethasone (Decadron)
dexamethasone (Decadron)
Opioids can be used to manage or treat: diarrhea, pain, and cough diarrhea and pain pain pain and cough
diarrhea, pain, and cough
After receiving a local anesthetic injection, the patient experiences anaphylaxis. To treat this condition immediately, you use which drug of choice? morphine epinephrine diphenhydramine pentobarbital thiopental
epinephrine
Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure? scopolamine epinephrine atropine phenylephrine
epinephrine
Which of the following should be readily made available to alleviate the symptoms of an acute asthmatic attack? aspirin atropine propranolol epinephrine hydrochlorothiazide
epinephrine
If a client with asthma is taking theophylline, which of the following durgs may result in toxicity? penicillin amoxicillin tetracycline erythromycin clindamycin
erythromycin
Because she is taking aspirin, Mrs. Smith should be counseled regarding all of the following EXCEPT: increased bleeding time GI upset overdose headache
headache
Clients receiving opioid analgesics should be counseled regarding all of the following EXCEPT? headaches xerostomia driving sedation
headaches
Which of the following is LEAST likely to produce drug-induced gingival enlargement? cyclosporine hydrochlorothiazide nifedipine verapamil phenytoin
hydrochlorothiazide
Tachycardia is characterized by rise in body temperature decrease in pulse rate increase in pulse rate increase in blood pressure
increase in pulse rate
The action of epinephrine when combined with a local anesthetic is to increase the amount of local anesthetic needed for effect decrease the relative length of action of an anesthetic enhance circulation and wash the anesthetic from the site of action more quickly increase the duration of anesthesia
increase the duration of anesthesia
Current research suggests that antimicrobial agents do each of the following except: increase the specificity of microbes alter the bacterial cell wall reduce the formation of pellicle change the metabolism of bacteria decrease the bacteria's attachment to tooth surfaces
increase the specificity of microbes
Protracted use of sulfa drugs may produce symptoms of vitamin K deficiency because sulfa drugs are detoxified in the liver combine chemically with vitamin K inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria interfere with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin inhibit calcium absorption which is essential to enzyme systems
inhibit growth of intestinal bacteria
Which of the following hormones is released in response to hyperglycemia? insulin estrogen thyroxine glucagon
insulin
The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 did all of the following EXCEPT ________. regulate schedule drugs regulate controlled substances divide potentially addictive drugs into categories introduce the word narcotic
introduce the word narcotic
Which of the following local anesthetics can be administered intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias? lidocaine benzocaine prilocaine propoxycaine
lidocaine
The process of drug metabolism is accomplished in the ________, the principal organ of metabolism. kidneys stomach liver intestines
liver
An infection in an area can prevent the accumulation of effective concentrations of local anesthetic solution because of: excessive dilation with tissue fluids the intense stimulation of pain due to the infection rapid absorption of the solution into the sysytemic circulation low tissue pH
low tissue pH
When an elderly adult is given a prescription, the dose is usually: Same or normal Everyone responds differently Higher than normal Lower than normal
lower than normal
Which of the following does NOT delay the absorption of a drug from its site of injection? incorporation of a vasoconstrictor with the drug to be injected occlusion of the circulation in the area of the injection implantaion of the drug in a solid pellet form under the skin suspension of the active drug in oil massage of the injection area
massage of the injection area
A patient allergic to lidocaine (Xylocaine) should NOT be given which of the related drugs as an anesthetic? propoxycaine (Ravocaine) tetracaine (Pontocaine) mepivicaine (Carbocaine) procaine (Novocain)
mepivicaine (Carbocaine)
The first-pass effect describes the ________. metabolism of drugs by the liver absorption of drugs by the stomach metabolism of drugs by the stomach excretion of drugs by the kidneys
metabolism of drugs by the liver
The first line antibiotic to treat ANUG is: metronidazole penicillin amoxicillin doxycycline
metronidazole
Which of the following actions is not caused by epinephrine? miosis anxiety headache tremor palpitations
miosis
Which of the following actions is not caused by epinephrine? tremor miosis anxiety headache palpitations
miosis
Microbial drug resistance is an example of: mutation & selection autotrophic variation attenuation fluctuation change
mutation & selection
Which of the following is the drug of choice used to treat an opioid overdose? 2-PAM (protopam) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) epinephrine N-acetylcycsteine (Mucomyst) naloxone (Narcan)
naloxone (Narcan)
If a patient develops tolerance to a drug, that means he: does not metabolize drug obtained maximum response to the drug had an unexpected side effect needs increase in dosage to produce usual effect of drug
needs increase in dosage to produce usual effect of drug
Topical anesthetic agents are most effective when applied to: palatal mucosa areas of acute inflammation skin keratinized epithelium nonkeratinized soft tissue
nonkeratinized soft tissue
Ibuprofen (Motrin) is a useful: antidepressant uricosuric agent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent CNS stimulant
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent
Ibuprofen (Motrin) is a useful: uricosuric agent CNS stimulant antidepressant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent
Which of the following drugs is used to treat an infection with CANDIDA ALBICANS (a fungal infection): nystatin (Mycostatin) gentamicin tetracycline penicillin G or V
nystatin (Mycostatin)
Which of the following is not an action of aspirin? analgesic anti-inflammatory obtundent antipyretic anti-platelet
obtundent
Aspirin has all of the following actions EXCEPT? antipyretic anticoagulant analgesic antiinflammatory obundent
obundent
A histamine-type reaction can be combated with all of the following compounds EXCEPT penicillin epinephrine prednisolone chlorpheniramine maleate
penicillin
All the following medications have been associated with xerostomia EXCEPT? Zestril Prozac ibuprofen pilocarpine
pilocarpine
Which of the following cells synthesize antibodies? macrophages plasma fibroblasts mast stem
plasma
Which of the following is the initial treatment of syncope in a dental office? administer 100% oxygen administer aromatic spirits of ammonia position the head lower than the feet position the patient's head upright and slightly tilt it
position the head lower than the feet
Which of the following drugs may reduce a person's ability to fight infection and prolong the duration of healing? cimetidine prednisone diazepam theophylline albuterol
prednisone
Receptors are specifically designed to interact with natural body chemicals. Which of the following is NOT one of those natural body chemicals? proteins enzymes neurotransmitters hormones
proteins
The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually renal failure thromboembolism hepatic necrosis respiratory depression cardiovascular depression
respiratory depression
The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually? renal failure respiratory depression hepatic necrosis thromboembolism cardiovascular depression
respiratory depression
Which of the following analgesics raise pain thresholds (meaning, increasing pain tolerance or reducing pain) without impairing alertness or judgement? amphetamines synthetic opioids salicylates barbiturates
salicylates
Which of the following analgesics raise pain thresholds (meaning, increasing pain tolerance or reducing pain) without impairing alertness or judgment? barbiturates synthetic opiates salicylates amphetamines
salicylates
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the drug cycle? distribution absorption secretion metabolism
secretion
Prescriptions for Schedule III through Schedule V drugs are valid for how long from the date on the prescription form? six months three months one year seven days
six months
Which of the following is MOST likely to cause an increase in bleeding during periodontal debridement? amittiptyline (Elevil) metoprolol (Lopressor) beclomethasone (Beconase) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) sulindac (Clinoril)
sulindac (Clinoril)
Which of the following is MOST likely to cause an increase in bleeding during periodontal debridement? sulindac (Clinoril) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) amitriptyline (Elavil) beclomethasone (Beconase) metoprolol (Lopressor)
sulindac (Clinoril)
What is the MOST common medical emergencies occurring in the dental setting? syncope hyperventilation hypertension orthostatic hypertension
syncope
When the combined action of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual actions, it is known as idiosyncracy synergy cumulative action additive
synergy
If a client has been taking a phenothiazine such as Haldol for 13 years and exhibits constant movement of his or her tongue, lips and mouth, he may have: tardive dyskinesia seizures restlessness xerostomia
tardive dyskinesia
A two-year old boy contracts an infection that requires antibiotic therapy. With this information alone, which drug below wouldn't you use? penicillin tetracycline cephalosporin erythromycin
tetracycline
Which of the following, when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50% DECREASE in intestinal absorption of the medication? codeine meperidine acetaminophen penicillin VK tetracycline
tetracycline
What does the therapeutic index indicate? the drug's effectiveness and likely approval by the FDA the margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses the bioavailability of the drug the therapeutic potential for this new drug
the margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses
Official prescription forms used to prescribe schedule II drugs include all of the following security features except ________. an imprinted seal the physician's DEA number a control number thermochromatic ink
the physician's DEA number
From the dental practitioner's point of view, the most important side effect related to valproic acid (Depakote) is: drug-induced gingival enlargement thrombocytopenia trigeminal neuralgia Grand mal seizures
thrombocytopenia
An excess of which of the following hormones can be associated with an increased sensitivity to epinephrine? estrogen parathyroid thyroid insulin testosterone
thyroid
Which of the following is registered with the U.S. Patent Office as a registered trademark? chemical name generic name trade name molecular structure
trade name
Methotrexate, used for severe forms of arthritis, or for chemotherapy for cancer, can be responsible for which of the following oral conditions? sensitivity edema recession ulceration gingival hyperplasia
ulceration
Secretion of intrinsic factor by gastric mucosa is required to absorb calcium phosphorus vitamin D vitamin K vitamin B-12
vitamin B-12
The letters "prn" appearing on a prescription indicate that a medication is to be administered by a registered nurse after meals when needed at bedtime
when needed
Mrs Smith takes 1 baby aspririn per day to prevent heart attacks. She may be at an increased risk for all the following EXCEPT: increased GI upset bleeding, even with scaling and oral debridement xerostomia increased GI upset with addition of ibuprofen
xerostomia
What is one of the side effects of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)? burning mouth stomatitis xerostomia gingivitis
xerostomia
What is one of the side effects of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)? xerostomia stomatitis burning mouth gingivitis
xerostomia
