PHARMACOLOGY HESI
Which anticholinergic effect is seen in a patient who takes brompheniramine? Frequent urination Dry mouth Blue-green vision Excessive watering of eyes
Dry mouth
Which clinical findings may indicate diabetes mellitus in a patient? Select all that apply. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) level greater than 6.5% Casual plasma glucose level of 130 mg/dL or higher Fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher Two-hour plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL or higher Random blood glucose level between 70 and 100 mg/dL
Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) level greater than 6.5% Fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher
Which drugs may lead to a prolongation of the QT interval in a client who is on drug therapy for schizophrenia? Select all that apply. Loxapine Haloperidol Thiothixene Thioridazine Chlorpromazin
Haloperidol Thioridazine Chlorpromazin
A patient with asthma is prescribed fluticasone and a salmeterol inhaler. This treatment is a part of which step of asthma management? Step 2 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6
Step 6
Bioavailability
metabolism
A client is undergoing diagnostic testing to determine if the client has myasthenia gravis. The nurse understands that the test that is most specific for determining the presence of this disease is what? Electromyography Pyridostigmine test History of physical deterioration Edrophonium chloride test
Edrophonium chloride test
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and isoniazid (INH) are prescribed as part of the chemotherapy protocol for a client with tuberculosis. Which response indicates to the nurse that vitamin B6 is effective? Weight gain Absence of stomatitis Absence of numbness and tingling in extremities Acceleration of dormant tubercular bacilli destruction
Absence of numbness and tingling in extremities
Which class of drugs is prescribed for a patient who experiences exertional angina? Beta blockers Nitrate antianginal drugs Calcium channel blockers Nitroglycerin transdermal patch
Beta Blockers
The patient is prescribed a beta blocker medication and is also taking an aluminum hydroxide-type antacid as part of his treatment regimen. The nurse anticipates that this interaction will result in what? Increased beta blocker activity Increased effect of the antacid Decreased beta blocker activity Decreased effect of the antacid
Decreased beta blocker activity
A client has had a total gastrectomy. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching? Daily use of a stool softener Injections of vitamin B12 for life Monthly injections of iron dextran Replacement of pancreatic enzymes
Injections of vitamin B12 for life
A client with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding develops mild anemia. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? Dextran Iron salts Vitamin B12 Erythropoietin
Iron salts
A client is admitted to the coronary care unit complaining of "viselike" chest pain radiating to the neck. Assessment reveals a blood pressure of 124/64 mm Hg, an irregular apical pulse of 64 beats per minute, and diaphoresis. Cardiac monitoring is instituted, and morphine sulfate 4 mg intravenous (IV) push stat is prescribed. What is the priority nursing care for this client? Relief of pain Client teaching Cardiac monitoring Maintenance of bed rest
Relief of pain
A client who takes daily megadoses of vitamins is hospitalized with joint pain, loss of hair, yellow pigmentation of the skin, and an enlarged liver due to vitamin toxicity. What type of toxicity does the nurse suspect? Retinol (vitamin A) Thiamine (vitamin B1) Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Retinol (vitamin A)
A depressed client is receiving paroxetine. The nurse monitors this client for which side effects associated with this drug? Select all that apply. Sexual dysfunction Depressed respiration Insomnia and restlessness Hypertension or hypotension Irregular menses or secondary amenorrhea
Sexual dysfunction Insomnia and restlessness
What are adverse effects of albuterol? Select all that apply. Tremors Skin rashes Palpitations Tachycardia Hypoglycemia
Tremors Palpitations Tachycardia
The nurse is administering several medications at 8:00 am. Which medication will decrease vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin II receptor sites? Enalapril Valsartan Metoprolol Furosemide
Valsartan
A client with hyperthyroidism is being treated with propylthiouracil (PTU). What instruction should the nurse plan to include in the teaching plan regarding this drug? Select all that apply. "Avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication." "Monitor your weight, pulse, and mood routinely." "You can expect an immediate response to this medication." "Also take an iodine replacement to aid metabolism of the drug." "Report side effects, such as sore throat, fever, joint pain, or oral lesions."
"Avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication." "Monitor your weight, pulse, and mood routinely." "Report side effects, such as sore throat, fever, joint pain, or oral lesions."
The health care provider has prescribed lidocaine with epinephrine for injection to be administered before obtaining a biopsy. The nurse will question the prescription after the patient makes which statement? "I get faint when I see needles." "I'm getting over a cold I've had for 3 days." "I break out in a rash when I take antibiotics." "I am taking a new medicine for high blood pressure."
"I am taking a new medicine for high blood pressure."
When a client exhibits severe bradycardia, which type of drug should the nurse be prepared to administer? Cardiac nitrate Anticholinergic Antihypertensive Cardiac glycoside
Anticholinergic
What is the correct dose of montelukast for an adult? 2 mg 4 mg 5 mg 10 mg
10 mg
Prodrug
inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body
Peak effect
time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
P-glycoprotein
transporter protein that moves drugs out of cells and into the gut, urine, or bile
Which statement made by a student nurse about hypothyroidism needs correction? "Hypothyroidism may lead to cretinism." "Graves' disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism." "Tertiary hypothyroidism results from reduced levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone." "Secondary hypothyroidism results from reduced secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone."
"Graves' disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism."
During a teaching session about insulin injections, a client asks the nurse, "Why can't I take the insulin in pills instead of taking shots?" What is the nurse's best response? "Insulin cannot be manufactured in pill form." "Insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it ineffective." "Your health care provider decides the route of administration." "Your health care provider will prescribe pills when you are ready."
"Insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it ineffective."
A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes asks, "How does insulin normally work in my body?" Which response by the nurse is correct? "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose." "It promotes synthesis of amino acids into glucose." "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose." "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."
"It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving anticholinergic drug therapy. What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? "Decrease your fluid intake." "Stay out of the heat and humidity." "Include vitamin D in your daily diet." "Take the medication first thing in the morning."
"Stay out of the heat and humidity."
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks, "Why can't I take a sulfonylurea like my friend who has diabetes?" What is the nurse's best response? "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin." "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic." "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin." "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."
"Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."
A nurse is caring for a female client who is receiving rifampin for tuberculosis. Which statements indicate that the client understands the teaching about rifampin? Select all that apply. "This drug may be hard on my liver so I must avoid alcoholic drinks while taking it." "This drug may reduce the effectiveness of the oral contraceptive I am taking." "I cannot take an antacid within 2 hours before taking my medicine." "My healthcare provider must be called immediately if my eyes and skin become yellow."
"This drug may be hard on my liver so I must avoid alcoholic drinks while taking it." "This drug may reduce the effectiveness of the oral contraceptive I am taking." "My healthcare provider must be called immediately if my eyes and skin become yellow."
What information will the nurse teach the patient who has been prescribed an alpha glucosidase inhibitor? "This medication will stimulate pancreatic insulin release." "This medication will increase the sensitivity of insulin receptor sites." "This medication cannot be used in combination with other antidiabetic agents." "This medication will delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines."
"This medication will delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines."
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a patient who has started to take donepezil? "This medication will enhance your memory." "This medication should cure your Alzheimer's disease." "You will only need to take this medication for 3 months." "This medication will increase your ability to sleep without dreaming."
"This medication will enhance your memory."
What should the nurse teach a patient about potential effects of a newly prescribed cholinergic-blocking drug? "The drug will decrease muscle rigidity." "The drug will cause a very slow heart rate." "You may have problems with urinary retention." "You will have increased saliva production and sweating."
"You may have problems with urinary retention."
A client is started on fluphenazine. What will the nurse emphasize in the teaching about this drug? Select all that apply. "Driving is forbidden while you're taking this drug." "You'll have a feeling of increased energy while taking this drug." "You should increase your fluid intake to help prevent constipation." "Your essential hypertension will be controlled indirectly by this drug." "You need to use sunscreen for any outdoor activity, no matter what time of year."
"You should increase your fluid intake to help prevent constipation." "You need to use sunscreen for any outdoor activity, no matter what time of year."
A client who is receiving phenytoin asks why folic acid (Folate) was prescribed. What is the best explanation by the nurse? Absorption of folate from foods is inhibited. The action of phenytoin is potentiated. Absorption of iron from foods is improved. Neuropathy caused by phenytoin is prevented.
Absorption of folate from foods is inhibited.
The nursing instructor is teaching nursing students about niacin therapy for the treatment of different types of hyperlipidemia. What will the nursing instructor include in this teaching? Select all that apply. Always check the patient's medical history for gout. Always check the patient's medical history for diabetes. Always check the patient's white blood cell count before administering the drug. It is always preferable to give the extended-release dosage form of the drug to the patient. It is always preferable to give the sustained-release dosage form of the drug to the patient.
Always check the patient's medical history for gout. Always check the patient's medical history for diabetes. It is always preferable to give the extended-release dosage form of the drug to the patient.
A patient has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. After reviewing the patient's laboratory report, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has hypokalemia. Which drug does the nurse expect to be included in the patient's prescription? Mannitol Amiloride Furosemide Acetazolamide
Amiloride
A client with heart failure is digitalized (given a loading dose of digoxin) and placed on a maintenance dose of digoxin 0.25 mg by mouth daily. What responses does the nurse expect the client to exhibit when a therapeutic effect of digoxin is achieved? Diuresis and decreased pulse rate Increased blood pressure and weight loss Regular pulse rhythm and stable fluid balance Corrected heart murmur and decreased pulse pressure
Diuresis and decreased pulse rate
A client with a history of coronary artery disease is admitted with pneumonia. The healthcare provider prescribes atenolol. What should the nurse monitor to determine the therapeutic effect of atenolol? Heart rate Respirations Temperature Pulse oximetry
Heart rate
A patient with hypertension has been prescribed furosemide. On reviewing the patient's medical history, the nurse learns that the patient is also taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis. What does the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe? Decreased dose of ibuprofen Increased dose of furosemide Alternating doses of both medications STAT venipuncture for serum calcium
Increased dose of furosemide
The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing treatment with an alpha-adrenergic drug. The nurse is monitoring daily laboratory test results on the patient. Because of the patient's treatment with the alpha-adrenergic drug, the nurse anticipates that the laboratory tests will show which result? Increased level of glucose Increased level of calcium Increased level of potassium Increased level of magnesium
Increased level of glucose
When assessing a 75-year-old male patient who is taking an alpha blocker, the nurse should observe for what desired effect of this medication? Tachycardia Bronchodilation Increased urinary flow Increased blood pressure
Increased urinary flow
Which of these outcomes would be most appropriate to establish for a patient who is taking a selective alpha 1 receptor blocker? Patient reports no difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Patient's urine output is less than 240 mL in an 8-hour period. Patient's heart rate is >80 beats per minute when ambulating. Patient's systolic blood pressure readings are <140 mm Hg and >110 mm Hg.
Patient's systolic blood pressure readings are <140 mm Hg and >110 mm Hg.
An operating room nurse prepares a patient who has type 2 diabetes for surgery. Which type of insulin that can be given intravenously does the nurse administer? Regular insulin Insulin glargine Insulin zinc suspension Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)
Regular insulin
A patient is prescribed isosorbide mononitrate. Which medication in the patient's history would be a contraindication to administration of this medication? Aspirin Synthroid Sildenafil Verapamil
Sildenafil
A patient with pheochromocytoma is prescribed phentolamine. On a follow-up visit, the nurse finds severe hypotension. Which other medication in the patient's medication history would have resulted in this condition? Insulin Digoxin Sildenafil Epinephrine
Slidenafil
While assessing a patient who has heart failure, the nurse finds that the patient has been taking lisinopril for hypertension. Which drug in the patient's prescription should the nurse question? Digoxin Valsartan Carvedilol Spironolactone
Spironolactone
Pyridostigmine is prescribed for a client with myasthenia gravis. Why does the nurse instruct the client to take pyridostigmine about one hour before meals? This timing limits the appetite. It promotes absorption. Taking it before meals prevents gastric irritation. Taking it before meals increases ability to chew
Taking it before meals increases ability to chew
Pharmacokinetics
study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body; represents the drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and excretion from the body; study of what the body does to the drug
The nurse provides discharge medication education to a client who has been switched from a prescription for heparin to a prescription for warfarin sodium. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching was effective? "I will avoid taking aspirin and NSAIDs." "I will avoid exercise and will spend most of the day working at my desk." "I will need to have regular complete blood counts to guide warfarin dosage." "Before going to the dentist, I will ask my healthcare provider for antibiotics."
"I will avoid taking aspirin and NSAIDs."
Which statement by a nursing student about insulin glargine indicates effective learning? "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours." "You can mix this insulin with Lente insulin to enhance its effects." "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin." "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."
"You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."
A client is considered to be in septic shock when what changes are assessed in the client's labwork? Blood glucose is 70-100 mg/dL An increased serum lactate level An increased neutrophil level A white blood count of 5000 cells/µL
An increased serum lactate level
A healthcare provider prescribes ophthalmic drops for a client. What should a nurse include in the instructions for a client learning to self-administer eyedrops? Lie on the unaffected side for administration. Instill drops onto the pupil to promote absorption. Close eyes tightly after administering the eyedrops. Apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation
Apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation
What are the adverse effects of thyroid replacement drugs? Select all that apply. Fatigue Chest pain Palpitations Weight gain Cold intolerance
Chest pain Palpitations
A client who had an organ transplant is receiving cyclosporine. The nurse should monitor for what serious adverse effect of cyclosporine? Hirsutism Constipation Dysrhythmias Increased creatinine level
Increased creatinine level
A healthcare provider prescribes aspirin therapy for a client with arthritis and the nurse provides teaching about the undesirable side effects of this medication. What responses should the client identify as reasons to notify the healthcare provider? Select all that apply. Ongoing nausea Constipation Easy bruising Decreased pulse Ringing in the ears
Ongoing nausea Easy bruising Ringing in the ears
First-pass effect
initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the blood stream
The nursing instructor determines that the student nurse understands the rationale for administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension when the student makes which statement(s)? Select all that apply. "They reduce afterload." "Angiotensin II is a potent vasodilator." "They promote sodium and water retention." "Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is decreased." "ACE inhibitors modify the function of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)."
"They reduce afterload." "Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is decreased."
Which patient may receive insulin lispro? A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who presented to the emergency room for an acute asthma attack. The nurse notes that upon discharge the healthcare provider has prescribed theophylline 300 mg orally to be taken daily at 9:00 AM. The nurse will teach the client to take the medication on which schedule? With a meal Only at bedtime At a specific time prescribed Until symptoms are gone
At a specific time prescribed
A client is scheduled for discharge following surgery. The medical record indicates that the client has not had a bowel movement since before surgery, which was 4 days ago. During the hospital stay, the client received a stool softener daily and an oral laxative the day before discharge. Which one of the prescribed medications should the nurse administer to ensure a bowel movement prior to discharge? Milk of magnesia 30 mL Docusate sodium 100 mg Bisacodyl 10-mg suppository Bisacodyl two enteric-coated 5-mg tablets
Bisacodyl 10-mg suppository
When a client is receiving total parenteral nutrition, what is important for the nurse to assess? Blood glucose Occult blood in stool Urine specific gravity Presence of bowel sounds
Blood glucose
Aspirin is prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which clinical indicators of aspirin toxicity should the nurse teach the client to report? Select all that apply. Bradycardia Joint pain Blood in the stool Ringing in the ears Increased urine output
Blood in the stool Ringing in the ears
Before administering an adrenergic agonist, what is the most important assessment for the nurse to complete? Skin integrity Temperature Blood pressure Respiratory rate
Blood pressure
When a client has gluteal edema, why should the nurse avoid using the gluteus maximus muscle for administration of intramuscular medications? Deposition of an injected drug causes pain. Blood supply is likely insufficient for adequate absorption. Fluid leaks from the site for a long time after the injection. Tissue fluid dilutes the drug before it enters the circulation
Blood supply is likely insufficient for adequate absorption.
A patient is prescribed tiotropium for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). How can the absorption of tiotropium be improved? By taking a higher dose of tiotropium for inhalation By inhaling the tiotropium continuously for some time By waiting for 1 to 2 minutes before inhaling the second dose By avoiding rinsing the mouth with water after inhaling the medicine
By waiting for 1 to 2 minutes before inhaling the second dose
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient is ordered carvedilol. What is the nurse's primary intervention? Maintain the patient on intake and output. Assess the heart rate before administration. Make sure the patient is on telemetry monitoring. Call the health care provider to request a different medication.
Call the health care provider to request a different medication.
The nurse notes that an accidental overdose of prazosin has been given orally. What is the nurse's priority action? Auscultate breath sounds. Administer activated charcoal. Check the patient's blood pressure. Administer the vasopressor antidote.
Check the patient's blood pressure.
A client who takes high-dose aspirin for arthritis has an acute episode of right ventricular heart failure. The healthcare provider prescribes furosemide and lowers the client's usual dosage of aspirin. The client asks the nurse the reason for the lower dose. On what principle does the nurse base a response? Aspirin accelerates metabolism of furosemide and decreases the diuretic effect. Aspirin in large doses after an acute stress episode increases the bleeding potential. Competition for renal excretion sites by the drugs causes increased serum levels of aspirin. Use of furosemide and aspirin concomitantly increases formation of uric acid crystals in the nephron
Competition for renal excretion sites by the drugs causes increased serum levels of aspirin.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus receives a prescription for metformin. Which finding does the nurse recognize as a contraindication to therapy? Arterial blood pH 7.4 Creatinine clearance 1.6 mg/dL Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL
Creatinine clearance 1.6 mg/dL
For which side effects should a nurse assess a client with cancer who is being treated with chemotherapeutic agents? Select all that apply. Diarrhea Leukocytosis Bleeding tendencies Lowered sedimentation rate Increased hemoglobin levels
Diarrhea Bleeding tendencies
One week after being hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction, a client reports loss of appetite and feeling nauseated. Which of the client's prescribed medications should be withheld and the healthcare provider notified? Digoxin Propranolol Furosemide Spironolactone
Digoxin
Which class of medication increases blood glucose levels when administered with insulin? Diuretics Salicylates Sulfa antibiotics Anabolic steroids
Diuretics
A client is scheduled for a 6-week electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment program. What intervention is important during the course of treatment? Provision of tyramine-free meals Avoidance of exposure to the sun I Maintenance of a steady sodium intake Elimination of benzodiazepines for nighttime sedation
Elimination of benzodiazepines for nighttime sedation
Which medication is an example of a direct-acting sympathomimetic? Ephedrine Epinephrine Amphetamine Phenylephrine
Epinephrine
A client is admitted to the psychiatric hospital with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The client's anxiety level is approaching a panic level, and the client's ritual is interfering with work and daily living. Which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) does the nurse anticipate that the primary healthcare provider may prescribe? Haloperidol Fluvoxamine Imipramine Benztropine
Fluvoxamine
An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a seizure. The family members report the patient experienced tremors, sweating, and irritability before losing consciousness. The patient's laboratory results indicate hypoglycemia. Which medication does the nurse expect will be ordered by the health care provider? Insulin Glucagon Exenatide Liraglutide
Glucagon
Which hormones play a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis? Select all that apply. Insulin Ketone Dextrose Glucagon Glycogen
Glucagon Insulin
A nurse is providing instructions for a client who is receiving phenytoin but has limited access to health care. What side effect is the basis for the nurse's emphasis on meticulous oral hygiene? Hyperplasia of the gums Alkalinity of the oral secretions Irritation of the gingiva and destruction of tooth enamel Promotion of plaque and bacterial growth at the gum line
Hyperplasia of the gums
A client is admitted to the cardiac care unit with an anterior lateral myocardial infarction. The healthcare provider prescribes 500 mL of D5W with 50 mg of nitroglycerin to be administered intravenously to relieve pain. The nurse should assess for which most common side effect of this medication? Nausea Syncope Bradycardia Hypotension
Hypotension
A patient would like to use scopolamine to prevent motion sickness during an upcoming vacation. What factor in the patient's history will make this mediation a poor choice? Uses alprazolam for anxiety Is prescribed phenytoin for seizures Is prescribed imipramine for depression Is prescribed amantadine for Parkinson disease
Is prescribed imipramine for depression
Which medication is used to treat myxedema coma? Liotrix Methimazole Levothyroxine Propylthiouracil
Levothyroxine
A healthcare provider prescribes furosemide for a client with hypervolemia. The nurse recalls that furosemide exerts its effects in what part of the renal system? Distal tubule Collecting duct Glomerulus of the nephron Loop of Henle
Loop of Henle
A patient with acute pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide. What assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the intervention is working? Lungs clear Output 30 mL/hr Improvement in mental status Potassium level decreased from 4.5 to 3.5 mEq/L
Lungs clear
The nurse administers NPH insulin at 8:00 AM. What intervention is essential for the nurse to perform? Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 PM. Make sure patient eats by 5:00 PM. Administer the insulin via IV pump. Assess the patient for hyperglycemia by 10:00 AM.
Make sure patient eats by 5:00 PM.
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been ordered insulin aspart 10 units at 7:00 AM. What nursing intervention will the nurse perform after administering this medication? Flush the IV. Perform a fingerstick blood sugar test. Have the patient void and dipstick the urine. Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.
Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.
Which diuretic is the drug of choice for the prevention of tissue damage after a closed head injury? Mannitol Metolazone Spironolactone Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol
The patient is taking insulin and has just been prescribed a beta blocker drug. The nurse recognizes that the interaction of the beta blocker and the insulin may have which result? Masked signs of hypoglycemia Masked signs of hyperglycemia Decreased activity of the beta blocker drug Enhanced activity of the beta blocker drug
Masked signs of hypoglycemia
A client reports fatigue and dyspnea and appears pale. The nurse questions the client about medications currently being taken. In light of the symptoms, which medication causes the nurse to be most concerned? Famotidine Methyldopa Levothyroxine Ferrous sulfate
Methyldopa
The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking levothyroxine and warfarin. Which intervention is the highest priority for the nurse? Monitor the patient for cardiac dysrhythmias. Assess peripheral pulses and Homan's sign daily. Weigh the patient daily for excessive weight loss. Monitor the patient for increased risk of bleeding.
Monitor the patient for increased risk of bleeding.
A client is diagnosed with Crohn disease, and parenteral vitamins are prescribed. The client asks why the vitamins have to be given intravenously (IV) rather than by mouth. What rationales for this route should the nurse include in a response to the question? Select all that apply. More rapid action results. They decrease colon irritability. Oral vitamins are less effective. Intestinal absorption may be inadequate. Allergic responses are less likely to occur
More rapid action results. Oral vitamins are less effective. Intestinal absorption may be inadequate.
What should the nurse assess as a therapeutic effect of the administration of pyridostigmine to a patient who has myasthenia gravis? Patient is no longer dizzy Patient has improved memory Patient is able to walk long distances Patient has increased muscle strength
Patient has increased muscle strength
Which statement made by the patient about type 1 diabetes mellitus indicates effective learning? The endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease. Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all diabetic cases. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin. Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.
A client is admitted to the hospital with deep partial-thickness burns to both hands and forearms after an accident. How should the nurse apply the prescribed antimicrobial medication? Place the medication directly on the dressing in a thick layer using clean gloves. Place the medication directly on the burn wound in a thin layer using sterile gloves. Put the medication in a Hubbard tank and saturate sterile dressings with it before applying the dressings to the burns. Put the medication in a Hubbard tank and allow the client to soak in the tank for several minutes every day.
Place the medication directly on the burn wound in a thin layer using sterile gloves.
A client is scheduled for a craniotomy to remove a brain tumor. To prevent the development of cerebral edema after surgery, the nurse anticipates the use of drugs from which class? Steroids Diuretics Anticonvulsants Antihypertensives
Steroids
A client has had a recent brain attack (cerebrovascular accident/stroke). What does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed daily to prevent straining due to constipation? Stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl Tap water enemas Stool softener Saline laxatives such as magnesium citrate
Stool softener
A patient is prescribed omalizumab by the primary health care provider. Which route should the nurse use to administer this drug? Oral Inhalation Intravenous Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous
The nurse observes that A1C levels are elevated in a patient who is taking metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which class of drugs is likely to be prescribed to this patient? Sulfonylureas Incretin mimetics Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors
Sulfonylureas
During an assessment of a patient with hyperthyroidism, the nurse learns that the patient's provider has recommended thyroidectomy. What could be the reason for opting for such treatment for the patient? The patient is obese. The patient is elderly. The patient is diabetic. The patient is pregnant.
The patient is pregnant.
The serum lithium blood level of a client with a mood disorder, manic episode, is 2.3 mEq/L (2.3 mmol/L). What does the nurse expect when assessing this client? Elevation in mood Nausea, thirst, and fine hand tremor Decrease in manic signs and symptoms Vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased coordination
Vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased coordination
A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking several antibiotic medications for a prolonged time. Because long-term use of antibiotics interferes with the absorption of fat, what prescription does the nurse anticipate? High-fat diet Supplemental cod liver oil Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) Water-soluble forms of vitamins A and E
Water-soluble forms of vitamins A and E
Idiosyncratic reaction
an abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual pt
Trough level
lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring
Peak level
maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring
