Pharmacology Practice Questions - Chat GPT Generated

A patient is observed to have a bluish discoloration of the lips and tongue. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? A) Peripheral cyanosis B) Central cyanosis C) Hypothermia D) Hypercapnia

B

A patient is prescribed an enteric-coated medication. Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of enteric coating? A) To enhance the absorption of the medication in the stomach. B) To protect the medication from degradation by stomach acid and release it in the small intestine. C) To facilitate faster dissolution of the medication in the bloodstream. D) To provide a sustained-release effect by controlling the medication's release over time.

B

A patient is receiving continuous enteral feeding and requires a medication that is known to interact with the feeding formula. What is the best approach for administering this medication? A) Administer the medication at the same time as the enteral feeding. B) Pause the enteral feeding before and after administering the medication. C) Mix the medication with the enteral feeding formula to avoid interaction. D) Administer the medication via a different route, such as subcutaneously.

B

A patient on digoxin therapy is exhibiting signs of toxicity. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action? A) Increase the dosage of digoxin. B) Obtain a serum digoxin level. C) Discontinue digoxin and switch to an alternative medication. D) Administer a higher dose of potassium.

B

A patient receiving prednisone therapy is concerned about potential side effects. Which of the following side effects should the nurse explain as being common with long-term use of this medication? A) Weight loss B) Increased susceptibility to infections C) Decreased appetite D) Hyperkalemia

B

A patient taking phenytoin for epilepsy is experiencing a drug interaction with another medication. Which of the following considerations is most important for this patient? A) Adjust the phenytoin dosage based on changes in liver function. B) Monitor for signs of phenytoin toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic index. C) Increase dietary fiber intake to enhance phenytoin absorption. D) Encourage the patient to stop taking phenytoin if they experience dizziness.

B

A patient with COPD is prescribed Theophylline. Which of the following symptoms would indicate Theophylline toxicity? A) Bradycardia and hypotension B) Nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia C) Peripheral edema and weight gain D) Constipation and abdominal distension

B

A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen therapy. Which of the following is a priority consideration for managing oxygen therapy in COPD patients? A) Oxygen flow rate should be set high to ensure adequate oxygenation. B) The patient should be monitored for signs of carbon dioxide retention. C) Oxygen therapy should be discontinued once the patient feels better. D) Oxygen saturation levels should be maintained between 95-100% at all times.

B

A patient with asthma is prescribed fluticasone. What is the primary therapeutic effect of this medication? A) Reduction of bronchospasm B) Anti-inflammatory action in the airways C) Increasing mucous production D) Relaxation of airway muscles

B

A patient with central cyanosis is experiencing dyspnea and has a history of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following interventions should be prioritized to manage this condition? A) Administering diuretics B) Providing supplemental oxygen C) Initiating intravenous fluids D) Performing chest physiotherapy

B

A patient with hypoxemia is being prepared for discharge. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the patient to manage their condition effectively at home? A) "Use your supplemental oxygen only when you feel short of breath." B) "Check your oxygen saturation levels regularly with a pulse oximeter." C) "Increase your activity level to improve lung function." D) "Stop using oxygen therapy if you experience nasal congestion."

B

A patient with renal failure is found to have metabolic acidosis. Which of the following findings would be expected in this condition? A) Elevated blood pH and decreased bicarbonate levels B) Decreased blood pH and decreased bicarbonate levels C) Elevated blood pH and elevated bicarbonate levels D) Decreased blood pH and elevated bicarbonate levels

B

A patient with seasonal allergies is prescribed diphenhydramine. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize as being most common with this medication? A) Insomnia B) Drowsiness C) Hypertension D) Weight loss

B

After stabilization of a patient with status asthmaticus, which of the following is the most important aspect of discharge planning? A) Ensuring the patient has a follow-up appointment with their primary care provider B) Educating the patient about the correct use of metered-dose inhalers C) Providing a written prescription for an oral antibiotic D) Scheduling a pulmonary function test for a later date

B

Ipratropium is often administered via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The nurse should instruct the patient to do which of the following when using the inhaler? A) Exhale fully, inhale quickly, and then hold the breath for 5 seconds. B) Inhale deeply and slowly while pressing down on the inhaler, then hold the breath for 10 seconds. C) Shake the inhaler, exhale quickly, and then take short, fast breaths. D) Hold the inhaler close to the mouth and exhale immediately after inhalation.

B

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with asthma who has been prescribed albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the nurse include? A) "Use this inhaler daily to prevent asthma attacks." B) "Shake the inhaler before use and take two puffs as prescribed." C) "Exhale deeply before using the inhaler and hold your breath for at least 3 seconds after inhaling the medication." D) "Clean the mouthpiece with warm water and soap after each use."

B

When assessing a patient with suspected central cyanosis, which of the following additional assessments would be most helpful in confirming the diagnosis? A) Checking for capillary refill time B) Measuring oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter C) Evaluating peripheral pulses D) Inspecting skin temperature

B

Which of the following best describes an agonist in pharmacology? A) A substance that binds to a receptor and blocks its action B) A substance that binds to a receptor and enhances its action C) A medication that neutralizes the effects of another drug D) A compound that increases the metabolism of a drug

B

Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of beclomethasone inhaler therapy? A) Diabetes mellitus B) Active tuberculosis infection C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) D) Seasonal allergic rhinitis

B

Which of the following is a key patient education point for someone prescribed a medication with a narrow therapeutic index? A) "You can adjust the dosage based on how you feel." B) "Regular blood tests are important to monitor for toxicity and effectiveness." C) "It's safe to take over-the-counter medications without consulting your healthcare provider." D) "You do not need to monitor any specific side effects closely."

B

A client is receiving albuterol for the treatment of bronchospasm. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely in this client? A) Serum sodium B) Blood glucose C) Serum potassium D) White blood cell count

C

A client who has just received a nebulized albuterol treatment complains of feeling "shaky" and having palpitations. What is the nurse's priority action? A) Stop the treatment immediately. B) Notify the healthcare provider. C) Reassure the client that this is a common side effect. D) Check the client's oxygen saturation level.

C

A client with asthma is prescribed Theophylline. The nurse understands that which of the following statements is correct regarding Theophylline therapy? A) Theophylline has a wide therapeutic range, so regular blood monitoring is unnecessary. B) Theophylline works by decreasing inflammation and reducing mucous production in the airways. C) Caffeine intake should be limited while taking Theophylline to prevent adverse effects. D) Theophylline is only used in emergency settings for acute asthma exacerbations.

C

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving albuterol via nebulizer. Which of the following side effects should the nurse closely monitor in the client? A) Hypotension B) Bradycardia C) Tachycardia D) Decreased respiratory rate

C

A nurse is administering an enteric-coated tablet through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which of the following is the most appropriate action? A) Crush the enteric-coated tablet and mix it with water. B) Open the enteric-coated capsule and administer the contents. C) Administer the enteric-coated tablet whole and ensure it is not altered. D) Dilute the enteric-coated tablet in a large volume of juice before administration.

C

A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected hypoxemia. Which of the following findings would most likely indicate inadequate oxygenation? A) Normal skin color and respiratory rate B) Oxygen saturation of 95% on room air C) Cyanosis of the lips and fingertips D) Clear lung sounds upon auscultation

C

A nurse is educating a patient about taking enteric-coated aspirin. Which of the following points should be emphasized to ensure proper medication use? A) "You can crush the tablet to make it easier to swallow." B) "The enteric coating helps reduce gastrointestinal irritation, so take it with a full glass of water." C) "Swallow the tablet whole and do not chew or crush it to ensure the coating remains intact." D) "You should take this medication with antacids to enhance its absorption."

C

A nurse is educating a patient with COPD about the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I should use the inhaled corticosteroid every day, even if I feel well." B) "I need to rinse my mouth after using the inhaler to prevent infections." C) "Inhaled corticosteroids are used as rescue medications during acute exacerbations." D) "I will use my corticosteroid inhaler before using my bronchodilator inhaler."

C

A nurse is preparing to administer an enteric-coated medication via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? A) Crush the enteric-coated tablet and mix it with water. B) Open the enteric-coated capsule and administer its contents. C) Administer the medication as a whole, without altering it. D) Dilute the enteric-coated medication in fruit juice before administration.

C

A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous corticosteroids to a patient with status asthmaticus. Which of the following should the nurse monitor closely during this treatment? A) Renal function B) Electrolyte levels C) Blood glucose levels D) Liver function tests

C

A nurse is reviewing lab results for a patient on long-term prednisone therapy. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to observe? A) Elevated potassium levels B) Decreased blood glucose levels C) Increased white blood cell count D) Decreased serum calcium levels

C

A nurse is teaching a client about the action of montelukast (Singulair) for asthma management. Which of the following best explains how montelukast helps in managing asthma symptoms? A) Montelukast inhibits the production of IgE, reducing allergic reactions. B) Montelukast binds to histamine receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction. C) Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. D) Montelukast stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, promoting bronchodilation.

C

A patient is prescribed an extended-release medication that is to be given via an enteral tube. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse? A) Crush the extended-release tablet and administer it through the tube. B) Discontinue the enteral feeding and administer the extended-release medication orally. C) Contact the healthcare provider to discuss an alternative formulation. D) Mix the extended-release tablet with a small amount of water and administer it through the tube.

C

A patient on multiple medications is advised to take enteric-coated drugs. Which of the following is a key consideration for the nurse regarding these medications? A) Enteric-coated medications can be mixed with other medications in the same dosage form. B) Enteric-coated medications should be taken on an empty stomach to increase absorption. C) The timing of enteric-coated medication administration should be coordinated to avoid interactions with other drugs or feeding. D) Enteric-coated medications are less effective if taken with a high-fat meal.

C

A patient with a new feeding tube is receiving medications. Which of the following is the most important step before administering medications through the feeding tube? A) Flush the tube with 30 mL of saline. B) Check the patient's blood glucose level. C) Verify the tube placement. D) Adjust the infusion rate of the enteral feeding.

C

A patient with asthma is preparing for a family gathering. Which of the following activities should the nurse advise the patient to avoid to reduce the risk of an asthma attack? A) Eating a high-fiber meal B) Participating in physical activities C) Being exposed to secondhand smoke D) Engaging in light social conversations

C

A patient with gastrointestinal issues is having difficulty swallowing tablets. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate for a medication with enteric coating? A) Crush the tablet and mix it with food. B) Dissolve the tablet in water before administration. C) Contact the healthcare provider for an alternative formulation. D) Take the medication with a small amount of antacid.

C

A patient with renal failure is prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. What is the primary reason for this treatment? A) To treat hyperphosphatemia B) To reduce fluid overload C) To manage anemia D) To correct electrolyte imbalances

C

Ipratropium is prescribed for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of this medication? A) It reduces inflammation in the airway. B) It promotes the breakdown of mucus. C) It blocks cholinergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation. D) It stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation.

C

The nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed albuterol for asthma. Which finding would indicate that the client is experiencing a therapeutic effect from the medication? A) Increased wheezing after using the inhaler B) Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute C) Decreased expiratory wheezing and improved oxygen saturation D) Persistent cough and increased sputum production

C

The nurse is assessing a client who has been taking montelukast for several weeks. Which adverse effect should the nurse prioritize monitoring for? A) Drowsiness B) Hypertension C) Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation or depression D) Hyperglycemia

C

Which of the following dietary components is most likely to trigger asthma symptoms in a patient with a known sensitivity? A) Whole grains B) Fresh vegetables C) Food additives and preservatives D) Lean meats

C

Which of the following laboratory findings would be most consistent with a diagnosis of central cyanosis? A) Elevated white blood cell count B) Decreased arterial blood pH C) Low arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) D) Elevated blood glucose level

C

Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for in a patient using inhaled beclomethasone long-term? A) Hypertension B) Hyperglycemia C) Oral candidiasis D) Renal insufficiency

C

A nurse is educating a client about the use of a Theophylline medication regimen for asthma management. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? A) "I will avoid consuming large amounts of caffeine while on this medication." B) "I should take Theophylline with food to reduce stomach upset." C) "I will call my doctor if I experience any symptoms of nausea or restlessness." D) "I can stop taking my Theophylline when I feel better and my symptoms improve."

D

A nurse is educating a patient about the proper use of fluticasone inhaler. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I should use the inhaler every day even if I feel fine." B) "I need to rinse my mouth after each use to prevent oral thrush." C) "I should take the fluticasone inhaler right after using my rescue inhaler." D) "I can stop using the fluticasone inhaler once my symptoms improve."

D

A patient presents to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize? A) Administer a high-dose inhaled corticosteroid B) Start intravenous corticosteroids C) Perform chest physiotherapy D) Provide a nebulized bronchodilator

D

A patient with COPD is experiencing increased dyspnea and productive cough with yellow sputum. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A) Administer a dose of oral antibiotics. B) Increase the oxygen flow rate. C) Schedule a follow-up appointment for pulmonary function tests. D) Assess the patient for signs of an acute exacerbation and start prescribed medications.

D

A patient with COPD taking Theophylline reports smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The nurse should anticipate which of the following changes in Theophylline therapy? A) A decrease in Theophylline dose B) No change in Theophylline dose C) Discontinuation of Theophylline therapy D) An increase in Theophylline dose

D

A patient with a history of glaucoma is prescribed diphenhydramine. What should the nurse consider before administering this medication? A) Diphenhydramine is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma. B) Diphenhydramine can reduce intraocular pressure. C) Diphenhydramine has no effect on glaucoma. D) Diphenhydramine should be used with caution due to its potential to increase intraocular pressure.

D

A patient with asthma reports worsening symptoms after being exposed to a specific substance. Which of the following is a common environmental trigger for asthma exacerbations? A) Cold air B) High humidity C) Low pollen count D) Dry heat

A

When managing a patient with status asthmaticus, which of the following lab findings would most likely indicate a worsening condition? A) Decreased arterial blood pH B) Increased serum potassium level C) Increased blood glucose level D) Decreased white blood cell count

A

The healthcare provider orders albuterol 2.5 mg via nebulizer every 6 hours for a client with acute asthma exacerbation. After the first treatment, the nurse observes the client's heart rate increase from 78 bpm to 98 bpm. What is the best nursing intervention? A) Withhold the next dose and notify the provider. B) Administer the next dose, as an increase in heart rate is expected. C) Administer a lower dose of albuterol for the next treatment. D) Increase the frequency of heart rate monitoring to every 2 hours.

B

The nurse is educating a patient about the potential side effects of Ipratropium. Which of the following is a common side effect that should be mentioned? A) Increased heart rate B) Urinary retention C) Tremors D) Excessive salivation

B

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client prescribed montelukast for chronic asthma. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? A) "I will take the medication in the evening as prescribed." B) "I can stop taking the medication once my symptoms improve." C) "This medication will help prevent asthma attacks but not treat an acute attack." D) "I should take this medication regularly, even when I feel well."

B

Which of the following medications is most likely to require close monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index? A) Acetaminophen B) Warfarin C) Lisinopril D) Omeprazole

B

A nurse is reviewing a patient's medication regimen for COPD management. Which of the following medications would be classified as a long-acting bronchodilator? A) Albuterol B) Ipratropium C) Formoterol D) Prednisone

C

The nurse is evaluating a client who has just used their albuterol inhaler. Which assessment finding indicates the medication has been effective? A) A decrease in respiratory rate from 26 to 20 breaths per minute B) A reduction in oxygen saturation from 96% to 94% C) The presence of clear lung sounds on auscultation D) The client states they no longer feel chest pain

C

The nurse is teaching a client with asthma how to use an albuterol inhaler with a spacer. Which action demonstrates proper technique? A) Inhale quickly and deeply after releasing the medication. B) Take two puffs in rapid succession without waiting between doses. C) Wait at least 1 minute between puffs. D) Rinse the mouth after each inhalation.

C

When managing a patient on a medication with a narrow therapeutic index, which of the following laboratory tests is most important to monitor? A) Complete blood count (CBC) B) Liver function tests (LFTs) C) Serum drug levels D) Blood glucose levels

C

When monitoring a patient with hypoxemia, which of the following interventions should be prioritized to improve oxygenation? A) Administering a bronchodilator B) Increasing the patient's fluid intake C) Providing supplemental oxygen D) Encouraging increased physical activity

C

Which of the following conditions would prompt the nurse to question an order for fluticasone? A) Asthma B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C) Active systemic fungal infection D) Seasonal allergies

C

Which of the following conditions would prompt the nurse to question the use of prednisone in a patient? A) Osteoporosis B) Rheumatoid arthritis C) Systemic fungal infection D) Allergic rhinitis

C

A nurse is teaching a patient how to use a beclomethasone inhaler. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A) "Exhale completely, place the mouthpiece between your lips, and inhale sharply." B) "Shake the inhaler well before use." C) "Use this medication only during asthma attacks." D) "Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler."

D

A patient with acute renal failure presents with hyperkalemia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to manage this electrolyte imbalance? A) Administer sodium bicarbonate B) Increase dietary potassium intake C) Restrict fluid intake D) Administer oral calcium supplements

A

A patient with chronic bronchitis presents with wheezing. The nurse recognizes wheezing as a sign of which of the following? A) Airway obstruction due to narrowed airways B) Fluid accumulation in the pleural space C) Presence of a pleural friction rub D) Presence of a large pulmonary embolism

A

A patient with chronic renal failure is experiencing bone pain and has elevated levels of phosphorus. Which of the following conditions is most likely contributing to these symptoms? A) Hyperparathyroidism B) Hyperthyroidism C) Hypocalcemia D) Hypoglycemia

A

During a routine examination, the nurse notes a pleural friction rub while auscultating a patient's lungs. This finding is most indicative of which condition? A) Pleuritis B) Pulmonary fibrosis C) Bronchiectasis D) Pneumonia

A

During the assessment of a patient with status asthmaticus, which of the following clinical signs would most likely indicate a severe exacerbation? A) Silent chest on auscultation B) Persistent cough with clear sputum C) Mild wheezing and productive cough D) Normal respiratory rate with occasional shortness of breath

A

In a patient with hypoxemia, which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values would be most concerning and indicative of significant oxygen deficiency? A) pH 7.35, PaCO2 45 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg B) pH 7.40, PaCO2 35 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg C) pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, PaO2 75 mmHg D) pH 7.45, PaCO2 40 mmHg, PaO2 70 mmHg

A

The nurse is educating a patient with COPD about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following instructions is appropriate for a patient on Theophylline? A) "Avoid smoking as it increases the rate of Theophylline metabolism." B) "Increase your caffeine intake to enhance drug effectiveness." C) "Take your medication at bedtime for better absorption." D) "You can take over-the-counter cold medications freely."

A

The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a patient who is prescribed Ipratropium. Which class of drugs, if also prescribed, may interact with Ipratropium and exacerbate its side effects? A) Antihistamines B) Beta-blockers C) Corticosteroids D) Diuretics

A

Which of the following is an example of an allergen that could trigger an asthma attack in a patient with known allergies? A) Dog dander B) Sunlight C) Rain D) Low air pressure

A

A client is prescribed montelukast and phenobarbital for seizure management. Which interaction should the nurse be aware of when administering these medications? A) Phenobarbital may decrease the effectiveness of montelukast. B) Montelukast may increase the sedative effect of phenobarbital. C) Both drugs together may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity. D) Montelukast and phenobarbital do not have any significant interactions.

A

A client taking Theophylline presents to the clinic with nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. The nurse suspects Theophylline toxicity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A) Assess the client's respiratory rate and effort B) Administer activated charcoal C) Draw a blood sample to measure Theophylline levels D) Notify the healthcare provider immediately

A

A nurse is assessing a patient who has recently started a new medication and is experiencing increased asthma symptoms. Which of the following types of medication is most likely to trigger asthma exacerbations? A) Beta-blockers B) Antihistamines C) Corticosteroids D) Leukotriene modifiers

A

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who has been prescribed diphenhydramine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to ensure safe medication use? A) "Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants while taking diphenhydramine." B) "You may increase the dose if you feel drowsy." C) "Diphenhydramine can be taken on an empty stomach for faster absorption." D) "You should not drive or operate heavy machinery if you experience insomnia."

A

A nurse notes central cyanosis in a patient with a history of congenital heart disease. Which of the following conditions is most likely contributing to the cyanosis? A) Right-to-left shunt B) Left-to-right shunt C) Pulmonary embolism D) Systemic hypertension

A

A patient is prescribed prednisone for the management of chronic inflammation. What is the most important nursing assessment for this patient? A) Monitoring blood glucose levels B) Measuring blood pressure C) Assessing respiratory rate D) Checking liver function tests

A

A patient taking diphenhydramine reports difficulty urinating and blurred vision. Which of the following adverse effects of diphenhydramine might these symptoms indicate? A) Anticholinergic effects B) Cardiovascular effects C) Renal toxicity D) Hepatic dysfunction

A

A patient with COPD is advised to use pursed-lip breathing. Which of the following is the most important benefit of this technique? A) It increases lung volume and improves gas exchange. B) It helps to clear mucus from the airways more effectively. C) It decreases anxiety and improves overall lung function. D) It helps to prevent the use of supplemental oxygen.

A

A patient with a history of asthma has been prescribed beclomethasone. The patient asks why they need to use it every day. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? A) "It helps to prevent the inflammation that leads to asthma attacks." B) "It opens your airways quickly during an asthma attack." C) "It replaces your rescue inhaler for asthma emergencies." D) "It strengthens the muscles in your airways."

A

A patient with a history of asthma is assessed and found to have high-pitched, musical wheezes predominantly on expiration. What does this finding suggest? A) Acute bronchoconstriction B) Pleural effusion C) Pulmonary embolism D) Interstitial lung disease

A

A client receiving albuterol for acute asthma exacerbation develops tremors and complains of nervousness. The nurse understands that these symptoms are: A) Early signs of albuterol toxicity B) Common side effects of albuterol C) Signs of hypoglycemia related to albuterol use D) Signs of an allergic reaction to albuterol

B

A client with a history of hypertension is prescribed albuterol for an acute asthma exacerbation. Which assessment finding requires immediate nursing intervention? A) Heart rate of 110 bpm B) Blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg C) Oxygen saturation of 94% D) Mild bilateral hand tremors

B

A client with a peanut allergy is prescribed Ipratropium. What should the nurse do next? A) Administer the medication as prescribed. B) Withhold the medication and notify the healthcare provider. C) Instruct the client to take the medication with an antihistamine. D) Advise the client to monitor for signs of a reaction after the first dose.

B

A client with asthma arrives at the emergency department experiencing shortness of breath and audible wheezing. The nurse assesses the client's oxygen saturation to be 88% on room air. Which of the following is the priority action? A) Administer a dose of intravenous Theophylline B) Administer high-flow oxygen and a short-acting beta-agonist C) Encourage the client to practice pursed-lip breathing D) Provide the client with an oral corticosteroid

B

A nurse hears crackles (rales) upon auscultation of a patient's lungs. Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with crackles? A) Asthma exacerbation B) Pulmonary edema C) Pneumothorax D) Pleural effusion

B

A nurse is administering fluticasone to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following actions is essential after the patient uses the inhaler? A) Monitoring the patient's heart rate B) Instructing the patient to gargle with water and spit C) Assessing for an immediate decrease in respiratory rate D) Checking the patient's blood glucose levels

B

A nurse is administering liquid medications through a feeding tube. Which of the following practices should the nurse follow to ensure safe and effective administration? A) Mix liquid medications with the enteral feeding formula. B) Administer each medication separately and flush the tube between medications. C) Combine all medications in a single syringe to administer them at once. D) Use a standard intravenous (IV) syringe to administer oral medications.

B

A nurse is assessing a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate the development of uremic syndrome? A) Diarrhea and abdominal cramping B) Confusion and lethargy C) Skin rash and itching D) Severe headache and dizziness

B

A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed both albuterol and beclomethasone inhalers. Which instruction should the nurse give regarding the correct sequence of administration? A) "Use the beclomethasone first, then the albuterol." B) "Use the albuterol first, then the beclomethasone." C) "It doesn't matter which inhaler is used first." D) "Alternate between using them every day."

B

A nurse is evaluating a patient with suspected pneumonia. Which of the following adventitious lung sounds would most likely be heard with this condition? A) Fine crackles B) Coarse crackles C) Wheezes D) Stridor

B

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of oxygen therapy in a patient with hypoxemia. Which of the following should the nurse expect if the therapy is successful? A) Decreased oxygen saturation levels B) Decreased respiratory rate and effort C) Increased cyanosis and confusion D) Increased heart rate and blood pressure

B

A nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with asthma. The nurse explains that asthma involves inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiologic changes occurring during an acute asthma attack? A) Excessive production of surfactant in the alveoli B) Increased mucous production and smooth muscle constriction C) Destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil D) Thickening of the pleural membrane, impairing lung expansion

B

A nurse is providing education to a patient newly diagnosed with COPD about Theophylline therapy. Which of the following instructions is the most appropriate? A) "You can crush the Theophylline tablets and mix them with food." B) "Avoid caffeine-containing products while on Theophylline." C) "It's okay to double the dose if you miss one." D) "Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption."

B

A nurse is providing education to a patient who will be taking prednisone for several weeks. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication regimen? A) "I should stop taking the medication as soon as I feel better." B) "I need to take the medication with food to minimize gastrointestinal irritation." C) "I can take the medication at any time of day." D) "I do not need to follow up with my healthcare provider after starting this medication."

B

A nurse is reviewing medication orders and sees diphenhydramine prescribed for a patient with a cough. Which of the following conditions would be an appropriate use of diphenhydramine? A) Chronic bronchitis B) Acute cough due to postnasal drip C) Pneumonia D) Asthma exacerbation

B

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has been prescribed montelukast. Which of the following conditions would require the nurse to consult the healthcare provider before administering the drug? A) Asthma B) Hepatic impairment C) Seasonal allergies D) Rhinitis

B

A nurse is reviewing the potential side effects of fluticasone with a patient. Which of the following side effects is most commonly associated with this medication? A) Hypertension B) Oral candidiasis (thrush) C) Tachycardia D) Tremors

B