PHIL 101 Chapter 11 quiz
Which of the following is a conclusion Berkeley drew from First Dialogue between Hylas and Philonus?
Only ideas exist.
Locke believed that _____ constitutes the object of sensitive knowledge.
substance
Hume believed that the idea of causality arises in the mind _____.
when we experience certain relations between objects.
Which belief of Locke led to his rejection of the theory of innateness?
All ideas come from experience.
According to Hume, what is the original stuff of thought called?
An impression.
Which empiricist argued that an abstract term like "force" was simply a word describing our sensation of the behavior of things and gave us no more knowledge than what our senses and reflections gave us?
Berkeley.
Which empiricist wrote the philosophical work Essay towards a New Theory of Vision?
Berkeley.
Who argued in his New Theory of Vision that all our knowledge depended on actual vision and other sensory experiences?
Berkeley.
Who argued that the notion of matter was the chief cause of error and difficulty in the sciences?
Berkeley.
True or false: Berkeley believed that if we accepted the existence of an inert material substance, then we would have to accept the existence of spiritual substances also in the universe.
False
True or false: Hume believed that we could assign God as the cause of the universe using the analogy of the watch.
False
What did Berkeley aim to achieve through his argument that only ideas, instead of things, exist?
He aimed to prove that ideas exist to eliminate the useless concept of matter.
_____ was a philosopher who wrote Essays Moral and Political.
Hume
_____ was a philosopher who wrote Treatise of Human Nature.
Hume
Which philosopher aimed to emphasize that the order of the universe was simply an empirical fact and that we could not infer from it the existence of God?
Hume.
Who stated that philosophers should reject every system of ethics, however subtle or ingenious, which is not founded on fact and observation?
Hume.
According to Locke, which type of knowledge is immediate, leaves no doubt, and helps us in knowing that we exist?
Intuitive.
According to Hume, what is causality with respect to the human mind?
It is a habit of association produced by repetition of instances.
What was Ralph Cudworth's position on the demonstration of God's existence?
It rested on the premise that certain principles are innate in the human mind.
Which philosopher gained popularity after authoring An Essay concerning Human Understanding?
Locke.
Who was the first philosopher to produce a full-length inquiry into the scope and limits of the human mind?
Locke.
According to Berkeley, what did physicists include in their theories to obscure science?
Metaphysics.
According to Locke, what produces ideas in our minds that have no exact counterpart in the object?
Secondary qualities.
According to Locke's philosophical thought, through what do we receive several distinct perceptions in our minds and thereby become conversant about objects external to us?
Senation.
What did Locke believe to be the two sources of ideas?
Sensation and reflection.
What was Berkeley's opinion about substances?
Substances do not exist.
What led Hume to deny the existence of a continuous self?
The belief that substances do not exist in any form.
According to Berkeley's beliefs, what did the existence of all things depend on?
The existence of god.
According to Locke, how does the mind receive simple ideas?
The mind receives them passively through the senses.
What was Berkeley's unique contribution to empiricism?
The notion that the existence of something depends on its being perceived.
According to Berkeley's philosophy, when human minds are intermittently diverted from things, where do the things exterior to the mind exist?
They exist in an omnipresent eternal mind.
According to Locke, how does the mind receive complex ideas?
They form when the mind brings together a group of simple ideas.
What did Locke believe were primary qualities?
Those that really exist in the bodies themselves.
What is a philosophical work of George Berkeley?
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonus.
True or false: According to Hume, the belief that things exist external to us, is the product of human imagination.
True
What was the difference in opinion between Berkeley and Hume over the existence of substance?
Unlike Berkeley, Hume denied that substance in any form exists.
What was the difference in the views of Berkeley and Locke regarding characteristics of objects?
Unlike Locke, Berkeley believed that primary and secondary qualities are not independent of each other.
What was Hume's explanation for the association of ideas with each other in the human mind?
Whenever there are certain qualities in ideas, these ideas are associated with each other.
Hume stated that the "self" is a(n) _____.
bundle of different perceptions.
Hume believed that the _____ principle is the foundation on which the validity of all knowledge depends.
casual
Hume thought that from impressions, our imagination becomes aware of both _____.
constancy and coherence
Hume believed that when A is the cause of an effect B, then this experience can be explained by the two relations _____.
contiguity and priority in time.
Hume believed that an idea is merely a(n) _____.
copy of an impression.
Hume believed that moral judgments are formed through _____.
feeling.
Hume postulated that the perceptions of the mind take the forms of _____.
impressions and ideas.
Berkeley believed that perceived ideas were created and caused to be in humans by a(n) ______.
infinite mind.
Hume believed that the idea of causality suggested that between a cause A and an effect B, there is a(n) _____ between objects.
necessary connection
According to Locke, intuitive, demonstrative, and sensitive knowledge are types of _____.
perception.
Hume believed that the contents of the mind could be reduced to the materials called _____, given to us by the senses and experience.
perceptions
Hume believed that the _____ gives us the impression of our continuous identity.
power of memory
Berkeley believed that the ultimate reality was _____ in nature.
spiritual
Locke believed that primary qualities subsist in _____.
substance.
