PHIL 1104 Exam 2

13 offenses that calls for suspension

1-5: No type of sexual interaction whatsoever 6: No building huts without help of a layman 7: No building even with a layman because of danger 8: No falsely accusing 9: No blaming a false accusation 10: No causing divisons 11: No siding with people causing divisions 12: No refusing to move 13: No lack of observance towards rules

Caste

1. Brahmans (highest, priests and scholars) 2. Kshatryas (soldiers and warriors), (Polticians who enforce laws) 3. Vaisyas (merchants and professionals), (shows adaptive skills) 4. Sudras (laborers, peasants, and servants), (working force) 5. Dalit's/untouchables (lowest, street sweepers, latrine cleaners)

Aristotle's virtue division

1. Corresponds to the part of the soil that has reason in itself is intellectual virtue. Excellence of exercising reason 2. Corresponds to the part of the soul that is nonrational but obeys reason is ethical virtue. Excellence of obeying reason

Buddhism facts

1. Developed in 1830s by Western speakers 2. means one who has awakened 3. extensive and diverse religion with 3 sectors (Mahayana and Theravada and Vajrayana) 4. World's 4th largest religion 5. Belief in reincarnation 6. We create our own suffering 7. We are not perfect- way to not suffer 8. Self-empowering religion

4 Noble Truths

1. Dukkha- Life is suffering 2. Samudaya- Cause of suffering is craving 3. Nirodha- End of suffering comes with an end to craving 4. Marga- Path which leads one away from craving and suffering

Dussel arguments

1. Ethics developed with the 2nd system is not good; full of institutionalization that produced victims, oppression, and economic gaps 2. Judaism and Christianity are more connected to the first system in terms of ethics/values 3. Oneness; the Brahman is everything

14 precepts of Engaged Buddhism

1. No bounding to any doctrine 2. No knowledge is absolute truth 3. No forcing others to adopt your views 4. No avoiding contact with suffering 5. No wealth while others are hungry 6. No anger or hatred 7. No losing yourself in surroundings 8. No words to create arguments 9. No lying 10. No using Buddhism for personal gain or profit 11. No vacation that is harmful 12. No murder 13. No stealing 14. No mistreating your body

The Five Buddhist precepts and rules of Monastic restraint

1. No killing 2. No stealing 3. No sexual misconduct 4. No wrong speech 5. No intoxicating substances

The Five Cardinal views

1. Nonviolence 2. Truth 3. non-stealing 4. Celibacy 5. Non-attachment/non-possession

American development of engaged Buddhism

1. Programs at the forefront of hospice care 2. Meditation programs in NY state prisons 3. Weekly prison visitation program in LA

Neolithic Era

10k-2k

Indo-European Interregional system

2nd Interregional system that starts at 200 BCE, Buddhism develops. Transitions from an idea of values placed under the notion of multiple higher beings to the one.

Wengrow Graeber Focal point

5k-2k Buddhist Sangha is a democratic institution

Virture ethics

A person of practical wisdom (intelligent) performs a virtuous act (morally high) because it is really virtuous rather than a simulacrum (image/representation) of virtue

Confucious

China's most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist who has influenced the civilizations of China and other East Asian countries greatly. Established ethical, moral, and social standards that formed the basis of a way of life known as Confucianism

Karuna

Compassion; the capacity to make other people suffer less

Swaraj

Complete republic, independent of its neighbors for its own vital wants

Babasaheb Ambedkar

Critic of the Hindu Social order and an attacker of the beliefs during the last century

Dana

Cultivation of giving

Varna

Each caste has a duty attached to them. You can move through these castes through reincarnation, marriage, or switching between duties. Attached to your strengths and what you do, not who you are

Enlightened anarchy

Each person will become his own ruler

Order of interbeing (Tiep Hien)

Escalating conflict in the Vietnam war and global problems. Mix of traditional Buddhist principles and contemporary social issues

Egyptian Mesopotamia system

First system, Body is important

Thich Nhat Hanh

First to speak of engaged Buddhism. Came to the US during Vietnam War to explain the meaning of Buddhist-led protests

What kind of person do Buddhists want to be

Follow the teachings of Buddha, and the Five Cardinal virtues

Philia

Friendship, central topic in several treatises

Nirvana

Goal of the Buddhist path. The end of the cycle of death and rebirth and is reached when all want and suffering is gone.

Arete

Human function

Ren

Human relations. Confucious views as a quality. Can be viewed as a comprehensive virtue, moral qualities and their goodness. Person of ren should embody a authentic spirt

Chariot example from discussion

If the king's chariot is changed a bunch of times- new pieces, disassembling the chariot, etc., it is up to the king to decide if it is his chariot or not or which one is his

Ultimate reality

In Buddhism, there is ultimate reality or self/being, there is nothing to begin with

Who do Buddhists consider themselves

King Milinda and Nagasena on Anatta

Dharma

Law or principle that governs the universe and human life

Metta or Maitri

Loving, Kindness. Love creates joy and happiness

Nagasena

Means that nothing has substantial existence, which is true when we think about the understanding of self.

Living entity and ego

Modes of expression for the five attachment groups. Ex: Chariot is a mode of expression for axle, wheels, etc.

Sarvodaya

Non-violent transformation

Race today

Ontological category, race is attached to your being.

Tiep Hien

Order of Interbeing

A just society

Panchayat, self-existence, evident religion, swaraj, swadeshi, Sarvodaya, enlightened anarchy, stateless society

Middle path

Philosophical and Practical

Current engaged Buddhism

Range of issues are peace, environment, consumerism, racism, prison, hospice care, globalization, gender, ethics, etc.

The Eightfold Path

Right views Right intention Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right concentration

Chinese to the roman empire

Second system, Body has no worth

Ontology

Study of being, investigates what types of entities exist

The Middle Doctrine

Teaching of Buddhism that advises a path of moderation, taking a middle way between extremes. Buddha advises against taking an overly easy or hard path, a person should not be too self-indulgent or self-denying.

What do Buddhists focus on doing

The five Buddhist precepts and the rules of Monastic Restraint

Buddha

The founder of Buddhism. Spiritual teacher who founded the religion that teaches the path to awakening and freedom from suffering. Buddha is not god, he is love and understanding and compassion. Buddha can perform miracles, he understands the world greatly.

Filial love

The love of children towards their parents, prior to virtue and the root of the latter

Different Buddhism schools

Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana

Anatta

There is no permanent self or essence in anything. Everything is impermanent

Important claim

There is no self, self is a bundle of temporal streams of experiences

Panchayat

every society must be a republic having full powers

Stateless society

people will be benefited by it

self-existence

society must be naturally based on truth and nonviolence which are not possible without a living belief in God

Karma

Action driven by intention which leads to future consequences

Bhagavad Gita

Ancient, popular religious text originated from India. Provides an excellent insight into the beliefs of Hinduism. Provides spiritualism and dharmic ideas and is accepted across India

Amanitvam

Applicable in a medical ethics context and helps physicians become more ethical in their own approaches. A physician can be able to understand how to proceed with an accurate treatment plan only by listening to their patients

Virtue

Behavior showing high moral standards

Aristotle

Believes a human being should be a social animal and conform to social norms. Takes credit for putting family and friendship as important in the ethical sphere

Ren and Aristotle's virtues

Both concerned with how a person should live within a society. Hinges on practical wisdom, ren is contingent on filial love.

Makakaruna

Buddha uses to suffer less

Engaged Buddhism

Buddhism that is engaged with social concerns. It brings their practice wisdom and knowledge from meditation and dharma teachings into the real-world situations of social, political, environmental, and economic suffering. Exposes the world to compassion, a peaceful heart and solutions. Has grown popularity in the West

Interdependence

Central to a Buddhist view of the universe

Upeksha

Inclusiveness, no frontier between partners

Swadeshi

Ingrained in the basic human nature of man but it has today sunk into oblivion. Emancipation of the human soil from its earthly bondage

Kinship

Involves a natural hierarchy and through it is established natural authority relations, its expansion to other social relations naturalizes the idea of hierarchy and authority in a wider society