PHIL 1300 Exam 2
On Kant's view, telling a person the truth sometimes treats that person merely as a means if the truth is hurtful.
False
Kant's view is like rule utilitarianism in that (a) both believe that human happiness is an essential component of what is morally right or wrong. (b) both believe that the formulation of rules is an important part of moral reasoning. (c) both believe we can be certain about the moral rules we use. (d) All of the above.
(b) both believe that the formulation of rules is an important part of moral reasoning.
Which of the following is true? (a) According to Hobbes, the state of nature is a state in which there is no central government. (b) According to Locke, the state of nature is a state in which there is no central government. (c) According to Hobbes and Locke, the state of nature is a state in which there is no central government.
(c) According to Hobbes and Locke, the state of nature is a state in which there is no central government.
Which of the following is an imperative? (a) People always act on the maxim they can will to be a universal law (b) Treating humanity, whether yourself or others, always as an end and never as a means only is right. (c) Act only on the maxim you could will to be a universal law. (d) All of the above
(c) Act only on the maxim you could will to be a universal law.
According to Kant, the only thing good in itself is (a) Pleasure (b) Happiness (c) The good will (d) All of the above
(c) The good will
On Kant's view (a) We know that lying promises are wrong because of our universal experience of the pain such things bring (b) We know that lying promises are wrong but future experience might prove us wrong (c) All moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives. (d) All of the above (e) None of the above
(e) None of the above
A will is a good will if and only if it sincerely desires to do the right thing and always acts according to that desire.
False
According to Kant, it is always wrong to treat a person as a means.
False
Hobbes' Social Contract and not Locke's was the main influence on the framers of the Declaration of Independence.
False
If a person does the right thing because reason says to do it, the act has no moral worth unless the person is motivated by love of humanity.
False
If a person does what is right out of love for humanity, that person's act has great moral worth, according to Kant.
False
Kant thought moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives.
False
Kant's view is a rationalist view. That means Kant believes that all moral knowledge comes through experience.
False
Kant's view is deontological. That means that it is rooted in religious duty rather than consequences.
False
Treating a person better than he or she deserves treats that person as an end by recognizing the intrinsic value of that person.
False
Locke's law of nature is
Normative
A good will, according to Kant, is the will that chooses according to reason and is not swayed by desire.
True
A hypothetical imperative is in the form, "If you want X, then do Y!"
True
According to Hobbes, human nature is self-interested.
True
According to Hobbes, in the state of nature, human power is essentially equal.
True
According to Hobbes, in the state of nature, we would have no reason to work hard, to build things, to learn things, to achieve things because we have no security for anything we possess. Even our lives are in constant danger.
True
According to Hobbes, the state of nature is such a terrible place that we have no right to revolt against an unjust government.
True
If a person does the right thing by keeping a promise, that act has no moral worth if it is done solely out of love for the person, on Kant's view.
True
Just like in the Prisoner's Dilemma, there are situations in which rational self-interested people all do worse by independently pursuing self-interest.
True
Just like in the Prisoner's Dilemma, there are situations in which we can each promote our own best interest by making a contract.
True
Kant's view is an absolutist view.
True
On Kant's view, moral truths can be known with certainty.
True
One of the problems for Kant's view is that a moral absolute such as "Always tell the truth" might conflict with the moral absolute, "Always preserve innocent life". If morals are absolutes and absolutes can conflict, there may be no correct answer as to what to do in some cases.
True
We concluded in class that rule utilitarianism can meet the important objections raised against act utilitarianism.
True
When Hobbes says that human power is essentially equal in the state of nature, he means "power"
in a descriptive sense, meaning physical force