Philioophy HW1

Which best describes the following passage: "A person never becomes truly self-reliant. Even though he deals effectively with things, he is necessarily dependent upon those who have taught him to do so. They have selected the things he is dependent upon and determined the kinds and degrees of dependencies." (B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity)? Select one: a. Argument b. Explanation c. Non-argument d. None of the above

a, Argument

Which of the following is true? Select one: a. An argument is a set of propositions in which some of the propositions, the premises are offered in evidence for another of the propositions, the conclusion. b. An argument may have no premises. c. An argument may have more than one conclusion. d. An argument may have no conclusion. e. An argument is a set or premises

a. An argument is a set of propositions in which some of the propositions, the premises are offered in evidence for another of the propositions, the conclusion.

Which of the following is true? Select one: a. An argument with a false conclusion can still be valid. b. An argument that has all true premises cannot be invalid. c. An argument is sound if it has some false premises. d. If an argument is invalid and has all true premises, then its conclusion must be true. e. None of the above.

a. An argument with a false conclusion can still be valid.

In the following argument, which proposition is the conclusion: "To every existing thing God wills some good. Hence, since to love any thing is nothing else than to will good to that thing, it is manifest that God loves everything that exists." (Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica) Select one: a. To every existing thing God wills some good. b. To love any thing is nothing else than to will good to that thing c. God loves everything that exists

a. God loves everything that exists

An argument form is valid if and only if Select one: a. it is impossible for an argument having that form to have all true premises and a false conclusion. b. it is an unsound argument. c. it does not prove its conclusion. d. it is possible for any argument to have that argument form and to have all true premises and a false conclusion. e. it is impossible for it to have a true conclusion.

a. it is impossible for an argument having that form to have all true premises and a false conclusion.

Which of the following statements are true? [You must identify ALL of them.] (m) A valid argument cannot have all true premises and a false conclusion. Every argument has at least one premise and one conclusion. (o) A sound argument is an invalid argument. (p) Every invalid argument has a false conclusion. (q) Every argument with a true conclusion is valid. (r) Every argument with true premises and a false conclusion is invalid. (s) An argument is sound if and only if it is valid and has all true premises. Select one: a. m, n, r, s b. p, q, r, s c. m, n, q d. o, r, s e. n, o, p, s

a. m, n, r, s

Given that a particular argument is valid, which of the following is true? Select one: a. It is possible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false. b. If the premises are all true, the conclusion must be true. c. The conclusion cannot be false. d. It is possible for the premises to all be true and the conclusion to be false e. It is impossible for the premises to all be true, and the conclusion true.

b. If the premises are all true, the conclusion must be true.

Given that a particular argument is invalid, which of the following is true? Select one: a. It is impossible for some of the premises to be false. b. It is possible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false c. It is impossible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false. d. It is impossible for some of the premise to be true and some of the premises to be false. e. None of the above.

b. It is possible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false

An argument's strength depends among other things Select one: a. on the number of premises. b. on its form. c. on whether people are convinced by it. d. on the number of examples. e. on whether it is politically correct.

b. on its form.

Logic, as an academic discipline, is primarily concerned with Select one: a. the actual truth and falsity of propositions b. the evidential relationship between the premises and conclusion c. making sure we see two sides to every issue d. showing us why we should be neutral on any given issue

b. the evidential relationship between the premises and conclusion

Which best describes the following passage: "I'm sick and tired of living in fear. I'm tired of plastic bags and duct tape. I'm tired of alerts telling me whether or not I can walk outside. American should be a bastion of hope. Jobs, affordable healthcare and respect from the world. These will bring hope, and hope is what prevents terrorism." (Steve Mavros, letter to the editor)? Select one: a. Argument b. Explanation c. Non-argument d. None of the above

c. Non-argument

Given that a particular argument is sound, which of the following is true? Select one: a. The argument is invalid. b. The premises could all be false. c. The premises must all be true and the form valid d. The conclusion must be false e. The premises could all be true and the conclusion false.

c. The premises must all be true and the form valid

Deductive and inductive arguments differ in that Select one: a. a deductive argument's conclusion is always true and an inductive argument's conclusion might be false b. an inductive argument's premises always guarantee the truth of its conclusion c. a deductive argument's premises provide absolute support for their conclusions, whereas an inductive argument's premises provide probable support d. inductive arguments are always false

c. a deductive argument's premises provide absolute support for their conclusions, whereas an inductive argument's premises provide probable support

An argument Select one: a. may have several different conclusions. b. must have exactly two premises and one conclusion. c. must have one or more premises. d. must have exactly two different conclusions e. None of the above.

c. must have one or more premises.

With regard to the premises in an argument, which of the following is true? Select one: a. All of the premises must be false if the argument is invalid. b. All of the premises must be true. c. At least one premise must be false, if the argument is invalid. d. At least one premise must be false, if the argument is valid and the conclusion is false. e. All of the premises must be false, if the argument is invalid.

d. At least one premise must be false, if the argument is valid and the conclusion is false.

A proposition: a. could be sound. b. could be sort of true. c. may be both true and false. d. is either true or false. e. is either valid or invalid.

d. is either true or false.

If an argument is invalid Select one: a. it must have at least one false premise b. it must have a false conclusion c. it must have all false premises d. it can have a true conclusion

d. it can have a true conclusion

In the following argument, which proposition is the conclusion: "(1) Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationship and order. (2) But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic images. (3) Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and events. (4) To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and theories. (5) Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art and great literature." (Douglas C. Giancoli, The Ideas of Physics, 3rd ed.)? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

e. 5

Which of the following statements are true? [You must identify ALL of them.] (m) It is impossible for an argument with all true premises and a false conclusion to be valid; Any argument that is valid and has all true premises must have a true conclusion. (o) A valid argument can have all true premises and a false conclusion. (p) A sound argument has all true premises and a true conclusion. (q) All valid arguments have false premises. (r) ANY argument that has all true premises must have a true conclusion. (s) An argument is a set of propositions. (t) If an argument is valid, it is impossible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false. Select one: a. m, n, o b. m,n,q,r,s c. m, p d. p, s, t e. m, n, p, s, t

e. m, n, p, s, t

Logic studies: (m) what works in persuasive argument; ( n ) how to determine the strength of an argument; (o) the criteria for differentiating sound arguments from unsound arguments; (p) strategies of creative thought; (q) valid vs. invalid reasoning. Select one: a. n, o b. o, p, m c. p d. o, p e. n, o, q

e. n, o, q