Philosophy FINAL.
modern bourgeois society
"industrial millionaires, the leaders of whole industrial armies"
principals of justice
- The principle of just acquisition - Lockean concept that if you mix your labour with something that is previously unowned, then you legitimately acquire it. - The principle of transfer - where you agree to freely transfer your property (usually via contract) - Principles of rectification - if property is unjustifiably taken away or infringed, you can get it back and receive compensation.
Nozick, Libertarianism, (handout)
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Rawls original position (192)
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theory of communism
Abolition of private property
What is the bourgeoisie?
Bourgeoisie is the capitalist class who owns most of the wealth and means of production
according to Marx and Engels, what form does the "history of class struggles" take in "our age"
First off, Marx and Engels seem to describe both the classes as binary oppositions. An idea founding the Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx, was that one party was seen as the oppressor and the other as the oppressed.
positive vs negative
Fundamentally, positive rights require others to provide you with either a good or service. A negative right, on the other hand, only requires others to abstain from interfering with your actions. If we are free and equal by nature, and if we believe in negative rights, any positive rights would have to be grounded in consensual arrangements.
Veil of Ignorance
It is having no knowledge of our: identity, race, gender, class, position in society, natural assets and abilities (including how motivated we are to succeed), intelligence, strength, health, sexual orientation, religion, conception of the good (values), psychological disposition
what effect has the bourgeoisie had on modern society
People from all walks of life have an appendage to capitalism. Dentists, doctors, lawyers, etc. are more focused on making a monetary profit than truly applying their skills/knowledge to help those around them.
what is the proletariat class
Proletariat is known as the working class while
the original position
The original position is a hypothetical situation in which we have no knowledge of our place in society. The original position (OP) is a hypothetical situation developed by American philosopher John Rawls as a thought experiment to replace the imagery of a savage state of nature of prior political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes. In the original position, the parties select principles that will determine the basic structure of the society they will live in. This choice is made from behind a veil of ignorance, which would deprive participants of information about their particular characteristics: his or her ethnicity, social status, gender and, crucially, Conception of the Good (an individual's idea of how to lead a good life). This forces participants to select principles impartially and rationally.
what has happened to the worker or proletarian class because of the power of the capitalist class or bourgeoise.
The worker/proletariat class is growing while the bourgeoisie is staying the same size and keeping the wealth. Exploitation is happening. (top 1% v. 99%)
negative right
a person's right that obligates others not to interfere with that person's obtaining something
the exploitation of the many by the few
all previous historical movements were movements of minorities
the proletariat
as the repulsiveness for the world increases the wage decreases
conditions must
assist free and equal persons fairly
the proletariat
becomes an appendage to the machine loses individual character
what is social cooperation?How is it determined?
by Gods law? by natural law?
modern bourgeois
compels all nations on pain of extinction to adopt the bourgeois mode of production it complies them to introduce what it calls civilization into their midst, that its to become bourgeois themselves. in one word, it creates a world after its own image.
modern bourgeois
draws all, even the most barbarian nations into civilization
Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto (184)
https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/communist/summary/
negative rights
if a person has a certain right, then respecting that right, means not interfering with that capacity involved in that right
the idea of the original position
in order to work out which traditional conception of justice specifies the most appropriate principals for realizing liberty and equality once society is viewed as a fair system of cooperation between free and equal citizens .
the proletariat
is without property
modern bourgeois
it has converted the physician the lawyer the priest the poet the man of science into its paid wage laborers
modern bourgeois
need to constantly expand market no longer work up indigenous raw material takes raw material from other places products are consumed not only at home but all over the globe
"historical" theory of justice
rejects justice as "patterning" (establishes a pattern) instead focuses on how a given distribution came about entitlement theory 1. principle of justice in acquisition - how did you get what you have; must acquire things justly/legally 2. the principle of justice in transfer - if transfer, must be legit 3. acquired transfer rectification - must satisfy 1 and 2
the original position as a device of representation
seen as representatives of free and equal citizens who are to reach an agreement under conditions that are fair.
The modern bourgeois society
that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones."
social cooperation
the fair terms of social cooperation are conceived as agreed to by those engaged in it, that is, by free and equal citizens who are born into the society in which they lead their lives
"the veil of ignorance"
the model this conviction in the original position, the parties are not allowed to know the social position of those they represent.
the proletariat
the modern working class, developed class of laborers who live only so long as they find work ad who find work only as long as their labour increases capital.
history of class struggles
the oppressor and the oppressed