photography 2
Cliché verre
is a combination of painting and or drawing, with photography. In brief, it is a method of either etching, painting or drawing on a transparent surface, such as glass, thin paper or film and printing the resulting image on a light sensitive paper in a photographic darkroom.
gertrude kasbier
loved to photograph doesmetic scenes
brownie camera
low cost photography; snap-shot; "you push the button we do the rest" the first easy, affordable camera that enabled almost anyone to take their own photos What was the name of the camera that was first put into the hands of consumers
the execution on the Lincoln conspirators
maybe the first sequential photographic picture story made as it happened alexander gardner , the civil war photographer documented the event with tim o'suillivan - also a former journalist in Scotland, experience in journalism probably fueled his dedication to treat photography as a means to document events
photojournalism
photograph an even as it happens
photojournalism
photographing something as it happens documenting
documentary photography
photographs whose main purpose is to record a place, person(s) or event.
news worthy events
problems with the early documentation os events (photojournalism ) -exposure times were still relatively slow - plates still had to be prepared and exposed while wet - large cameras didn't allow for much spontaneity -early events were occasionally restaged for documentation -
fredrick evans
really makes platinum printing popular - photographs a lot of architecture - photographed a lot of architecture -very soft focus , textures paper to look more like a painting photographing the cathedrals of England and France. His goal was to create an aesthetically and spiritually satisfying image, utilizing the play of light and shadow on static architectural structures.
john thompson
showed the working poor -street life in london
Paul Martin
spontaneous views of ordinary life especially city life was becoming common -he made straight foward images of common street scenes he used a disguised hand held camera -views of real life -different classes
roy stryker
- economist, government officia American economist, government official, and photographer. He is most famous for heading the Information Division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression and launching the documentary photography movement of the FSA An American economist, government official, and photographer. He is most famous for heading the Information Division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression and launching the documentary photography movement of the FSA.
Edward S. Curtis (1868- 1952)
- he opened photography studios in seattle and later in L.A - launches new direction ( princess Angeline ) - he begins photographing native americans intionally they were merley foreground elements in his romantic landscape - he began to see the importance of documenting the vanishing ways of the native americans ( dress, habits, ceremonies and appearance of the native people before their culture disappeared ) - he became known as the shadow catcher - between 1900 and 1906 with the support of banker jp Morgan and the president theodore roosevelt, he photographed indian tribes of the southwest, the great plains and the pacific northwest -changes his mind one photograph -created the first volume of the north american indian was published in 1907 the final 20th volume was published in 1927 -
Zoopraxiscope
Created by Eadweard Muybridge. May be considered the first movie projector. Projected images from rotating glass disks in rapid succession to give the impression of motion device for exhibiting moving pictures, a revolving disk with photographs arranged around the center.
Eugène Atget
This French photographer photographed Paris buildings and the street life of Paris in the late 1800's. He never photographed the Eiffel Tower. Who photographed Paris in its early twentieth-century glory? was a French flâneur and a pioneer of documentary photography, noted for his determination to document all of the architecture and street scenes of Paris before their disappearance to modernization
the societies
the photographic society of London 1853 -French Photographic society 1854 - no distinction between commercial , scientific documentary or art photography - several art photography groups succeeded
the kodak
what camera put photography into the hands of the untrained masses?
marey
who created chronophotographs Measured movement with lights attached to people He made a "gun" that could take multiple photographs per second of moving things. This where we got the expression shooting a film. -he invented repeating shutter cameras by using a series of images on a single plate -he would also place light coloresd lines on a dark clothred clothing and then underexpose the images only allowing the study of movement without the distraction of the subject matter. - helped inspire cubism +futurism painters of the late 19 c nude descending
Emerson
had a medical background , like things to be true to nature . naturalism, liked things be realistic. he didn't like everything to be completely focused, because thats not how the human eye sees things.
felice beato and james robertson
- documented the indian mutiny and its aftermath in 1803 -they believed to be the first to show human corpse on a battlefield -also shot the opium war in china in 1080 , the Korean expedition 1871 and the colonial wars - first to photograph corpse in war Shot Crimean & 2nd opium war (this photos shows Opium War scene). Shot in Japan--landscapes and types. Colorized many of his human subjects.
peter henry emerson
" Naturalist photography" Felt photography is incapable of perceiving nature as clearly/ truth and beauty in nature "Naturalist Photography"; felt photographer is incapable of perceiving nature as clearly as a negative could record it; advocate for soft focus, non silver printing and altered negatives to promote truth and beauty in nature He rejected the idea of art as a vehicle for personal and emotional expression. He maintained that the artist was a person of special character and ability but derided work of imagination as untrue. His own notion of naturalism was based on contemporary science, not art theory
, Auguste and Louis Lumièr
"creators of the big screen" , created and patented the cinematograph, shot first film in 1894. 1895: Created camera and projecto - had their on company made manufacture gelatin dry plates
Baldus
(European Railroad) -was hired in 1855 to photograph the views along the railroad route to paris to Boulonge-sur-mer - the albumens were intended as a gift for the queen Victoria as a souvenir on her passage through France
Felice Beato
- a naturalized english - first to devote himself entirley to photgraphing in asia and the near east (japan, india , consteinopple and palestein) -made hundreds of enthrnographic portraits and genre scenes in japan -most of his portraits are are hand colored a pratice that he was introduced to in japan -studio portraits , landscapes and scenes of daily life - puts together a book called "views of japan" this photographer travailed to the far east and made superb images with albumen plates with a developing process he jealously guarded
f. holland day
he began photographing in 1886 and fought passionately for photography's acceptance in art. he's himself in trouble for using himself in biblical scenes and also for photographing figures in the nude. -ex: crucifixion scene
alfred stiglitz
- originally a engineer and switched to photography - studies with chemist H.W Vogel - while in Europe he was involved in the pictoralist movement even receiving honorable membership in the linked ring -he returned to NY in 1890 and got involved in the amateur clubs , he becomes the editor pf the american amateur photographer and later the camera notes -he creates his own publication camera work 14 years(1903-1917)
technological innovations and applications 1875-1920
- some innovations include -glass/silver gelatin dry plate - artificial lighting -depicting movement -smaller cameras -affordable of equipment and materials -color
ethnic customs and cultures
- the travels of photographers such as Frith, Bonfils, Bourne, o'sullivan, and jackson - they felt responsibility to document people of these regions - american photographers were documenting the customes and culture of native americans - europeans who were documenting asia
George eastman
-1888, lightweight Kodak camera that make photography an affordable pastime and history is documented in pictures -Kodak Camera - photography was still largely practiced by two groups: 1. professional photographers using photography to make money 2. amateurs who had money to dedicate to the costly and time consuming activity - he devised a way to make a roll of film for the view camera in 1884 $25 small hand held camera preloaded with a roll of unexposed roll film - take photos and send back to the George eastman lab to be developed - made it more available and separates the photographer from the dark room and processing side of photography and created a new industry
orthochromatic
-a film that is not sensitive to the red spectrum -the sensitivity of the photo to other lights except for the safe red light. not sensitive to red Sensitive to blue, green, purple light
industrial development
-americans were also commissioned to document industrial advancements - the expansion of the western rail road routes
pictorialism
-an international style and aesthetic movement that flourished between 1889-1920 - the goal was to promote photography as art object -based on the belief that photographs can engage the feeling and the senses , -photographers were more concerned with beauty than with facts - they felt that the optical shapness and the ability of the camera to record facts were limitation of the medium that inhibited why? -technical innovations made photography more available to the masses - the arability of the photography had the pictoralist searching for ways to make unique or important art objects two main roles 1. to produce a beautiful actual record 2. to provoke thought and feeling how -they often made prints on heavily textured paper to make them appear less photographic - they began using -non-silver techniques especially gum prints - each gum print is unique and not exactly reproducible -with gum prints they could control tonalities wipe out unimportant details and highlights - they often did this with brushes, fingers pencils and etching tools - also made platinum prints -these procedures (gum,platinum,carbon, etc ) sometimes called " ennobling processes were fairly controversial with critics that concerned that they couldn't tell the difference between photographs and other graphic arts - they called these murky ill-defined photographs "fuzzy graphs " - subject themes -allegorical scenes /Biblical scenes - natural landscapes - the human figure - expressive portraits
Adam Clark Vroman
-cali book seller - been photographing since 1892 - interested in native americans and in 1895 he accompanied a party of ethnologist to the southwest to photograph the Hopi and Zuni people of that region - his photographs capture the individuality, industrious, customs and ceremonies of these people - unlike many of his contemporaries he seems to have treated the indians with respect and dignity 1895 Vroman was an accomplished photographer, and with a group of other amateur photographers would travel on outings, experiment with different cameras, film, paper and photochemistry. In this same year he traveled to the four corners area of the Southwest on the first of eight photographic expeditions over the next 10 years. ancient manners, customs, and traditions should be recorded before they disappeared, and this often led him to pose his subjects so that at times his pictures seem reenactments; indeed he is known to have had his subjects wear the long-obsolete dress of their forefathers for his camera
roger fenton
-english member of the photography society of London in 1853 -official photographer of the crimean war - first systematic coverage of the war -recognizes his responsibility to capture historically interesting and important images - capture war related activities rather then scenes of the actual battle -would mostly be be on the sidelines opposed to in the actual warfare
glass/silver gelatin dry plate
-eventually o paper strips and then flexible transparent film on long rolls - changed design of cameras, smaller more portable
alexander gardner
-famous photographer during Civil War Took photos of the execution Rearranges scenes to make them more aesthetically pleasing. Moved body next to rifle in trench war -assassin of Lincoln
linked ring 1891
-formed in 1892 that was one of the first groups to promote the notion of photography as fine art. - Henry Peach Robinson was notable among the founding members. - as well as George Davidson not all pictoralist did things the same sharp pictures and composite photographs (the onion field) -
James Clerk Maxwell
-heliochrome credited with producing the first color slide
social documentation
-meant to persuade -shed light on social problems to make a change ,idealism - how things are not right -a form of documentary photography, with the aim to draw the public's attention to ongoing social issues. It may also refer to a socially critical genre of photography dedicated to showing the life of underprivileged or disadvantaged people.
link ring london 1891 photo club de paris 1894 photo -secession NY 1902
-sponsored art photography exhibitions show asking pictoralist to show their work - publish journals on techniques and ideas relating to art photography photo -secession NY 1902 the first influential group of American photographers that worked to have photography accepted as a fine art. Led by Alfred Stieglitz, the group also included Edward Steichen, Clarence White, Gertrude Käsebier ( domestic scenes), These photographers broke away from the Camera Club of New York in 1902 and pursued Pictorialism, or techniques of manipulating negatives and prints so as to approximate the effects of drawings, etchings, and oil paintings. The Photo-Secession was inspired by art movements in Europe, such as the Linked Ring, that had similar goals.
american civil war (1861-1865)
-the first conflict to be throughly photographed from start to finish -photography during the battle was difficult and not usually done -most civil war photographs show us the terrible death and destruction after the battle
war photography
-was not a feasible until the collodion era early 1850's , because of the exposure time not really possible during battle - most early war photography focused on war related activities and preparation of battle and the aftermath of battles - some of the earliest war photography was commissioned by theBritish government to document the crimean war - conflict between russia and france /gb and ottoman empire
Documentation : objects and events ( facts over art) -persuading, presenting, information - subject matter - architecture/ landscape/ industrial development/newsworthy events (photojournalism ) / culture/ news - other projects were commissioned to documents -the destruction of old architecture the modernization of cities , bridges and railroads
1839-1900
duchamps
A French Dadaist painter that painted 'Nude Descending a Staircase". French painter, Dadaism, nude descending on staircase shows motion, mustache on mona lisa, nonsense art dadaism(nonsense art) "nude descending the staircase"
chronophotographs
A rapid succession of photographs, the flow of movement.
gallery 291
Art gallery in NYC created by Alfred Stieglitgallery created by Stieglitz that supported the development of abstract art in the United States by exhibiting modern European works along with those of American artists who were influenced by the Parisian avant-grade ex. Picasso, Matise artist americans have never seen
Matthew Brady
Civil War photographer -originally a studio portraiture learned the daguerreotype from Samuel morse-well respected -asked Lincoln to photograph the war -most civil war photographs show us the terrible death and destruction after the battle -he thought the war would be short lived and a lot of money was spent -burning impression to go hoping to return his investment by selling prints -Brady organized and got most of the credit for the civil war photographs - most of his images were done by his many assistants - alexander Gardner - timothy o'sullivan - George N. Barnard - first photojournalism (burning mill) - A.J Russel - John Reekie
Richard Maddox
Developed a way to use gelatin instead of glass for the negatives gelatin "dry film"
autochrome
First marketable color process. Lumere bothers invented it. They were color rising their photographs instead of starting with color as their basis. - not successful no way to make prints images were viewed on light boxes or projected
autochrome
First marketable color process. Lumere bothers invented it. They were color rising their photographs instead of starting with color as their basis. The first successful color process was the material used in early color printing; dyed starch grains over the emulsion
Jacques-Henri Lartigue
French photographer known for his photographs of automobile races, planes and Parisian fashion female models. Naive photographer, started shooting at age 7. -upper class photography - of leisure time (spontaneous moments )
Ernst Mach
he developed optical and photographic techniques for the measurement of sound waves and wave propagation. In 1887 he established the principles of supersonics and the Mach number—the ratio of the velocity of an object to the velocity of sound
Muybridge
He devoted part of his career to motion studies. These photographic studies froze the motion of an object at an instant in time -learns from watkins,follows his footsteps -there are three ways to capture motion in photographs 1. photographic blur from movement in photographs . 2. photographic stop and freeze images in a series -muybridge 3. photographic series of exposures on a single frame The photographer best known for stop-action photography was? Inventor of the Zoopraxiscope - 1872 stanford commissioned him to win a wager used 12 cameras that were activated by strings when the horse ran through - a four houves leaves the ground when horses run -in 1883 accepted an invitation from the university of penn. and was allowed the freedom and support to perfect his technique of documenting the movement of human and animal subjects
henry peach robinson
Henry Peach Robinson was an English pictorialist photographer best known for his pioneering combination printing - joining multiple negatives or prints to form a single image; an early example of photomontage. He did allegorical composite photograph fading away
Dadaism
Horrified by WWI, artists rebelled against Western Civilization art. Rejects accepted aesthetic standards. Creates anti-art, often employing a sense of the absurd. Irrational, nonsensical, outrageous. Duchamp
Old Closes and Streets of Glasgow
In 1866, the City passed an act through Parliament which authorised it to destroy the appalling slums of the City Parish. When it was decided in 1868 to make an effort to document the character and conditions of the old town, Thomas Annan was the obvious choice.
Photogravure
a reproduction process that duplicates an image by using continuous tones or the original picture or photograph. The image is broken into dots with a cross-ruled or lined screen and transferred onto a cylinder or plate for printing an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in
Andrew Joseph Russel (AJ Russel)
a survey photographer -associated with William Henry Jackson and timothy and O' Sullivan -his images were particularly of the joining of the rail road road at promontory point , and the unity of the western expansion
clarence white
archetypal epidimey of pictoralist also a founding member of photo secession mostly made platinum prints -famous for his delicate idealize images of rural family life -he made lots of photgraphic illustrations for books of fiction and poetry -he a lot of home portrits comissions -starts teaching in ny - to teach photography as an art " biggest contribution to photography" -pioneer in photo education
animal locomotion
branch of biophysics, study of animal movement appendicular-produced by oscillating appendages containes over 100,00 images of animals in motion
edward steichen
co-founded the Photo Secession movement with Alfred Stieglitz, - he eventually becomes a successful commercial photographer in NY working for publications for vogue and vanity fair -he was the first curator of photographs in MOMA in Ny
Robert Howlett
documentation of the construction of the great eastern England ( ship)
photo secession new york 1902
get away from tradition and go to a more elite group