photography midterm

lens

a curved piece of glass or other transparent material that is used to focus light into an image

normal lens

a lens whose focal length is equal to the diagonal of a given film format. It also closely matches the view of the human eye in terms of area, perspective, and proportion

zoom lens

a lens with variable focal lengths that can continuously change from wider views to closer views. this makes the subject appear closer or farther away.

shutter

a mechanical door that opens to allow light to pass through to hit the sensor

line

a moving point in space and most fundamental of the art elements

positive image

a normal image (lights and darks in an image are correct)

f-stops

a numerical representation of the diameter of a lens' aperture

balance

a principle of design that refers to the arrangement of visual elements in a composition to create stability

patterns

a principle of design that refers to the repetition of any of the elements of art such as line, shape value, color, or texture

low key photo

a print with mostly dark values and tones (dark with lots of black tones)

marquees

a software utility that allows the user to select multiple objects or a portion of an object, such as an image or picture

negative

a transparent photographic image in which the tones or values have been reversed. light objects in the original scene are rendered as dark objects in negative and dark objects are rendered as light ones. they can be black and white or color

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) -file extension .jpg

a universal image file format that compresses an image by getting rid of "useless" data so the image takes up less room on a memory card or hard drive (easy to transfer)

levels

adjusts the contrast of lights and darks in your image

curves

adjusts the input and output tones using selected anchor points

still life

an arrangement of stationary objects that are the subject matter for a work of art

autochrome

an early color transparency process on glass plates using vegetable starch grains dyed red, green, and blue to make up the image

value

an element of design that refers to the lightness or darkness of a color or a tone (white: light and black: dark)

lassos

an image editing tool that enables you to select an irregular object by dragging the mouse around it (while the mouse buttons is held down) and letting go

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) -file extension .tif

an image-file format that is available for nearly every graphics program. it is not compressed, so all of its digital information is maintaned

stops

an increment of exposure that either doubles or halves the amount of light in an exposure

texture

appeals to the sense of touch and makes photos look more realistic while enhancing a 3D feel

rule of thirds

based on the ancient Greek ideal of the Golden Mean, a method for balancing the elements in an image by diving the composition into equal thirds, horizontally and vertically (put subject on a line of intersection)

clone stamp

best tool for removing an unwanted object from a photo (can also copy an image over)

proportion

building that looks really big

radial balance

circular style composition when all objects radiate from a central point

image noise

created by increasing a digital camera's ISO setting, it is characterized by red, blue, and green specks in an image that result in decreased detail, lower resolution, and less saturated colors

crop

cutting an image down to a certain size or choosing a specific area of the object

megapixel

equals one million pixels

-closer to pinhole: clearest and brightest because the light was spreading over a smaller area (mimicked a wide-angle lens) -further from pinhole: image was really close up, darker, and blurry because the light had to spread over a larger area (mimicked a telephoto lens)

from your experience with making a cardboard camera, explain why the image changed size on the tracing paper as the frame was moved closer to and further from the pinhole

low light situation and blurry effect (blur motion)

give an example of when you might use a slow shutter speed

value

grey flower

movement and rhythm

guitar with bouncy lines

form

has volume and creates a 3-D image

variety

helps to add interest to the work and keeps the viewer's eyes moving around the piece (uses bunch of elements and principles in one picture)

expresses as fractions of a second or as numbers of seconds

how are shutter speeds expressed

the elements of art are what things are in the composition and the principles of design are how the elements are arranged in the composition

how do the elements of art relate to the principles of design

Name_Project.jpg & JPG

how do you title a finished project & what type of file should it be

in pixels per inch (ppi) for digital cameras, but in lines per inch (lpi) on film cameras. for both cameras, the higher the number, the higher the resolution or sharpness of the images produced by the camera

how is resolution measured

the left hand supports the camera while the right hand controls it. also, stay really still because any movement can blur the picture especially at slow shutter speeds.

how should you hold a camera when taking a picture without a tripod

shape

is created when a line meets itself creating a 2D, or flat, image

symmetrical balance

mirror-image composition (similar on either side when split down the middle)

save to desktop & save to flash drive

name 2 places you can back up your work

-advantages --pocket size and lightweight --moderate cost (inexpensive) -disadvantages --can only record one image at a time (slower) --only one lens

point and shoot advantages v disadvantages

complimentary colors

red and green flowers

line

see arches with railroad station

bracketing

shooting a series of shots of the same scene at different levels of exposure

Command T

shortcut for resizing an image

transparency

slide films

asymmetrical balance

still looks balanced but objects are not centered in the frame

space

the 2-D arrangement of objects in photography

shutter speeds

the amount of time the mechanical door in a camera or lens opens and closes to allow light to hit the film or digital-imaging sensor

composition

the arrangement and relationship of the elements of art and principles of design to create a unified image

timing

the critical moment at which the photograph best captures the subject

saturation

the intensity or purity of a color

imaging sensor

the light-sensitive, silicon-based chip used in digital cameras, scanners, and copiers. in cameras, it takes the place of film fo rcapturing images

hue

the name of a color

viewpoint

the point from which the photograh is taken

high key photo

the print will have light values and tones (bright with lots of white tones)

proportion

the relationship between the sizes of objects or components in an image, helping to indicate an object's size, distance, and location

emphasis

the visual elements that are chose to be dominant within the frame

PSD -file extension .psd

this file format is not compressed (all data) so it is very large. this file format can only be used in the Adobe Photoshop program.

telephoto lens

this lens includes less of the scene and makes objects look closer, as compare to a normal lens

wide-angle lens

this lens includes more of the scene and makes objects look farther away than a normal lens

variety

tomatoes

rotate

turn the image

color balance

use this adjustment when editing out a color cast on a photo

rubber stamp

used to remove distracting image elements like dust spots or telephone wires

magic wand

used to select pixels more or less similar in value to those first sampled

freezing motion, especially in sports or for freezing water (for fast motion or highly bright places)

what are fast shutter speeds used for

focal length

what does the f stand for in f-stops

in 1888, he made the first mass-market, point-and-shoot camera, called the Kodak. his invention made photography accessible to anyone, professional or amateur.

what was George Eastman responsible for & why did that change the nature of photography

the channel mixer gives you more control over the outcome of the image, thus creating better contrast with a better range of black an white (does not have all those gray tones)

when converting a color image to black and white, what is the difference between changing the mode to gray-scale vs. adjusting the grays with the channel mixer?

Desktop and Flash drive

where should you save your work while you are working on it

Lumiere brothers in 1907 (France)

who created the first color photos & when

Joseph Niepce in 1826 (France)

who made the first permanent photograph & when

William Talbot in 1839

who was responsible for the positive/negative approach to photography & when

pattern

woman face with lace

radial balance

circular thing

value

lamp in dark night (black and grey scale)

negative image

light appears dark and vice versa (all the values in the image are reversed)

unity

occurs when all the individual parts of the photograph come together and support each other to make one unified image

texture

old man with a beard

movement and rhythm

refers to how a viewer's eye travels though a picture and the organized repetition of art elements or objects

depth of field

refers to how much of the scene is in focus (deeper= more in focus)

exposure

refers to the amount of light and the duration of time that light is allowed to expose film or a digital-imaging sensor. controlled by f-stop, shutter speed, and film speed

the smaller the f-number, the bigger the aperture (big opening) and the less depth of field (blown out background). the bigger the f-number, the smaller the aperture (smaller opening w clearer background) and the greater depth of field.

relationship of f-stop to aperture to depth of field

emphasis

sunset with black trees

color

talking about light in photography

camera obscura

the first camera (aka dark room) that was used as a drawing aid for artists

aperture

the hole inside a lens that determines the amount of light passing through the lens

resolution

the sharpness and fine detail in an image

pixel

the smallest imaging unit in an imaging sensor that is usually square or rectangular shaped (aka "picture element")

ISO (International Standards Organization)

the standard way to measure a film's light sensitivity & measure a film's speed

when they are complete and need to be turned in

when should we save our files as JPEG files

as soon as you open the photo

when should we save our pictures as TIFF files

-we use these (DSLR) -advantages --fast operation --wide selection of lenses --full control of settings -disadvantages --big and heavy --more expensive

SLR advantages v disadvantages

unity

green apples

symmetrical balance

2 red benches