Photosynthesis Key Concepts

Why do plants appear green (in terms of wavelengths of light that are absorbed vs. reflected)? What is the name of the principle pigment in plants?

because of the chlorophyll reflects the green wavelengths of light. the pigment is called chlorophyll

What are the steps of cellular respiration?

- Two energy-rich ATP kick-start the process. - At the end is a pyruvate molecule, plus four molecules of ATP are made and two NADP molecules. Both types are energy-rich and used in other cell reactions. - In cells which use oxygen, the pyruvate is used in a second process, the Krebs cycle, which produces more ATP molecules.

Photosynthesis equation

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6(CH2O) + 6 O2

What are the end products of photosynthesis?

6(CH2O) + 6 O2

The energy in food molecules, such as glucose, is converted into

ATP

ATP

ATP is the main source

What is the difference between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC?

Aerobic uses oxygen Anaerobic does not use oxygen

What type of fermentation takes place in your muscles when you exercise vigorously?

Alcohol fermentation

heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

autotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

What is required for light dependent reactions? What is required for the Calvin Cycle?

Chlorophyll, electron acceptor, electrons, light

Briefly describe the reaction that occurs during glycolysis

Glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient known metabolic pathways. It occurs in the cytosol of the cell.

chlorophyll

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

What organisms typically carry out LACTIC ACID fermentation? What organisms carry out ALCOHOLIC fermentation?

Humans use lactic acid when exercising a lot. Yeast cells use Alcoholic fermentation to make bread rise.

What is the end result of the Calvin cycle?

It results in the creation of ATP and NADPH

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

Mitochondria

Summarize the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis converts light energy into the chemical energy of sugars and other organic compounds. This process consists of a series of chemical reactions that require carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and store chemical energy in the form of sugar. Light energy from light drives the reactions. Oxygen (O2) is a byproduct of photosynthesis and is released into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis transfers electrons from water to energy-poor CO2 molecules, forming energy-rich sugar molecules. This electron transfer is an example of an oxidation-reduction process: the water is oxidized (loses electrons) and the CO2 is reduced (gains electrons). Photosynthesis uses light energy to drive the electrons from water to their more energetic states in the sugar products, thus converting solar energy into chemical energy.

phosystem

Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. They are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria (in plants and algae these are located in the chloroplasts), or in the cytoplasmic membrane of photosynthetic bacteria. There are kinds of photosystems: II and I, respectively.

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

What process occurs when oxygen is not present for cellular respiration?

fermentation

What do the light-dependent reactions produce?

it produces ATP and NADPH