PHS Test Chapter 14, 15 & 16

a classification scheme to compensate for the distance differences to stars; calculations of the brightness that stars would appear to have if they were all at a defined, standard distance of 10 parsecs

absolute magnitude

Distance in outer space is measured in terms of a. kilometers b. megameters c. light-years d. miles

kilometers

The basic property of a main sequence star that determines most of its other properties, including its location on the H-R diagram, is a. brightness b. color c, temperature d. mass

mass

a diffuse mass of interstellar clouds of hydrogen has or dust

nebulae

If the core remaining after a supernova has a mass between 1.5 and 3 solar masses, it collapses to form a a. white-dwarf b. neutron star c. red giant d. black hole

neutron star

very small superdense remains of a supernova with a center core of pure neutrons

neutron star

Which of the following elements forms in a supernova explosion of a dying star? a. hydrogen b. carbon c. nitrogen d. nickel

nickel

The color of a star is related to its a. composition b. apparent magnitude c. absolute magnitude d. surface temperature

surface temperature.

Which of the following coordinate system of lines depends on where you are on the surface of Earth? a. Celestial meridian b. Celestial equator c. North celestial pole d. None of the Above

Celestial meridian

a bright variable star that can be used to measure

Cepheid variable

The greater the distance to a galaxy, the greater a redshift in its spectral lines. This is known as a. doppler's law b. cepheid's law c. Hubble's law d. Kepler's law

Hubble's Law

The name of our galaxy is the a. solar system b. main sequence c. Milky Way d. Polaris

Milky Way

The collapse of a massive star a. results in a tremendous explosion called a supernova b. forms a white dwarf c. forms planetary nebulae d. results in a tremendous explosion called pulsar

a. results in a tremendous explosion called a supernova

The brightness of a star at a defined standard distance is a. apparent magnitude b. apparent longitude c. absolute magnitude d. absolute latitude

absolute magnitude

Our Sun is a. one of the several stars in the solar system b. the brightest star in the night sky c. an average star, considering mass and age. d. a protostar

an average star, considering mass and age.

a classification scheme for different levels of brightness of stars that you see; brightness values range from one to six with the number one (first magnitude) assigned to the brightest star and the number six (sixth magnitude) assigned to the faintest star that can be seen

apparent magnitude

The lifetime of a star depends on its a. composition b. mass c. temperature d. location

b. mass

current model of galactic evolution in which the universe was created from an intense and brilliant explosion from a primeval fireball

big bang theory

The product of the collapse of a massive star with a core three rimes the mass of our Sun is a a. neutron star b. pulsar c. red giant d. black hole

black hole

the theoretical remaining core of a supernova that is so dense that even light cannot escape

black hole

Red giant stars are a. bright, low-temerature giants b. dim, low-temperature giants c. bright, high-temperature giants d. dim-high-temperature giants

bright, low-temperature

The stages in the life of a star are a. protostar, main sequence, white dwarf, and red giant b. protostar, main sequence, red giant, and red dwarf c. protostar, main sequence, red giant, and white dwarf d. Protostar, main sequence, red giant, and nebulae.

c. protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarf

line of the equator of the Earth directly above the Earth; the equator of the Earth projected on the celestial sphere

celestial equator

an imaginary line in the sky directly above you that runs north through the north celestial pole, south through the south celestial pole, and back around the other side to make a big circle around the Earth

celestial meridian

A referent system that can be used to locate objects in the sky is the a. celestial globe b. celestial coordinates c. celestial sphere d. celestial maps

celestial sphere

The interior of an average star is proposed to contain all of the following except a a. conduction zone b. core c. radiation zone d. convection zone

conduction zone

In which part of a newborn star does the nuclear fusion take place? a. convection zone b. radiation zone c. core d. all of the above

core

If you were at the north celestial pole looking down on Earth, how would it appear to be moving? a. clockwise b. counter clockwise c. one way, then the other as a pendulum d. it would not appear to move from this location

counterclockwise

The period-brightness relationship of a Cepheid variable star allows astronomers to measure a. distance b. age of stars c. luminosity d. size

distance

What is the obstacle to finding extraterrestrial life? a. money b. number of stars c. distance and time d. language

distance and time

Your answer to 25 means that the moon, sun, and stars that are not circumpolar appear to rise in the a. west, move in an arc, then set in the east. b. north, move in an arc, then set in the south c. east, move in an arc, then set in the west d. south, move in an arc, then set in the north

east, move in an arc, then set in the west

Outerspace is mostly a. galaxies b. stars c. planets d. empty space

empty space

The brightest of the stars listed are the a. first magnitude b. second magnitude c. fifth magnitude d. sixth magnitude

first magnitude

Your answer to question 24 means that Earth turns a. from the west toward the east b. from the east toward the west c. at the same rate it is moving in its orbit d. not at all

from the west toward the east

The basic unit of the universe is a a. star b. solar system c. galaxy d. constellation

galaxy

groups of billions and billions of stars that form the basic unit of the universe.

galaxy

A galaxy is held together by a. stellar dust b. gravitational attraction c. electronic attractions d. pulsating stars

gravitational attraction

the distance that light travels through empty space in one year, approximately 9.5 x 10^12 km (5.86 3 10^12 mi)

light-year

The total amount of energy radiated from the surface of a star into space each second is a. stellar radiation b. luminosity c. convection d. dispersion

luminosity

the total amount of energy radiated into space each second from the surface of a star

luminosity

Where does our sun belong based on the Hertzsprung-Russell classification of stars? a. main sequence b. red giant c. white dwarf d. cepheid variable

main sequence

normal, mature stars that use their nuclear fuel at a steady rate; stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram in a narrow band that runs from the top left to the lower right

main sequence stars

a point directly above the north pole of the earth; the point above the north pole on the celestial sphere.

north celestial pole

In the process of less massive star growing old, its outer layer is sometimes blown off into space, forming a a. white dwarf b. black hole c. Cepheid variable d. planetary nebula

planetary nebula

A rapidly rotating neutron star with a strong magnetic field is a a. neutron star b. pulsar c. supernova d. black hole

pulsar

Initial evidence that supports the big bang theory of the creation of the universe came from a. experiments conducted by shuttle astronauts b. unmanned space probes c. redshift calculations by Edwin Hubble d. data from the Hubble Space Telescope

redshift calculations by Edwin Hubble

Stars twinkle and planets do not twinkle because a. planets shine by reflected light, and stars produce their own light b. all stars are pulsing light sources c. stars appear as point sources of light, and planets are disk sources

stars appear as point sources of light, and planets are disk sources

All of the elements that are more massive that the element iron were formed in a a. nova b. white dwarf c. supernova d. black hole

supernova

The Crab Nebula is what remains of a a. pulsar b. supernova c. black hole d. constellation

supernova

Whether the universe will continue to expand or will collapse back into another big bang seems to depend on what property of the universe? a. the density of matter in the universe b. the age of galaxies compared to the age of their stars c. the availability of gases and dust between the galaxies d. the number of black holes

the density of matter in the universe

The diameter of the Milky Way is about a. 500 light-years b. 50,000 light-years c. 100,000 light-years d. 200 million light-years

100,000 light years

Microwave radiation from space, measurements of the expansion of the universe, the age of the oldest stars in the milky way galaxy, and ratios of radioactive decay products all indicate that the universe is about how old? a. 6000 years b. 4.5 billion years c. 13.7 billion years d. 100,000 billion years.

13.7 Billion years

Approximately how old is the universe? a. 5 billion years b. 10 billion years c. 14 billion years d. 25 billion years

14 billion years

How much matter is converted to energy in 20 years? if 1 year is 1.4 x 10^17kg

2.8 x 10^18 kg

How many degrees of arc above the horizon is a star located halfway between directly over your head and the horizon? a. 45 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 135 degrees d. 180 degrees

45 degrees

Which of the following colors of starlight is from the hottest star? a. Blue-white b. Red c. Orange-red d. Yellow

Blue-White

Evidence that points to the existence of black holes was provided by a. mauna loa observatory b. Hubble space telescope c. radio astronomy d. LGM

Hubble Space Telescope

The temperature-luminosity graph used to classify stars was developed by a. Russell b. Hubble c. Hubble and Russell d. Hertzsprung and Russell

Hertzsprung and Russell

diagram to classify stars with a temperature-luminosity graph

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

You are studying physical science in Tennessee. Where are you located with respect to the celestial equator? a. North of the celestial equator b. South of the celestial equator c. On the celestial equator d. East of the celestial equator

North of the celestial equator

How much of the celestial meridian can you see from any given point on the surface of Earth? a. One-fourth b. One-half c. Three-fourths

One-Half

Which of following stars would have the longer life span? a. the less massive b. between the more massive and less massive c. the more massive d. all have the same life span

The less massive

Stars that are faint, very dense, white hot, and close to the end of their lifetime are a. red giant stars b. novas. c. white dwarf stars d. cepheid variables

White dwarf stars

The angle that you see Polaris, the North Star, above the horizon is about the same as your approximate location on a. the celestial meridian b. the celestial equator c. a northern longitude d. a northern latitude

a northern latitude

A bright blue star on the main sequence is probably a. very massive b. less massive c. between the more massive and the less massive

very massive