PHY - chapter 20

The number of electrons that may be held in the third energy level of an atom is ____________.

8

The mass number for an isotope of oxygen is 17 and the atomic number is 8. How many neutrons are present in this isotope of oxygen?

9 neutrons

The charge on a proton is: a. +1e b. +2e c. -1e d. zero

a. +1e

An atom of nitrogen has how many electrons? a. 7 b. 7 or 8 c. 14 or 15 d. Cannot be determined with the information given.

a. 7

What is the chemical formula for a compound that contains the aluminum ion (Al3+) and the hydroxide ion (OH-)? a. Al(OH)3 b. AlO3H3 c. AlOH3 d. None of the above

a. Al(OH)3

How does a covalent bond differ from an ionic bond? a. An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons and a covalent bond is a sharing of electrons. b. An ionic bond involves 2 electrons and a covalent bond involves 4 electrons. c. An ionic bond is usually between two metals and a covalent bond is usually between two nonmetals. d. Ionic bonds are usually found in acids and covalent bonds are usually found in bases.

a. An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons and a covalent bond is a sharing of electrons.

What is the fundamental property of matter that can either be positive or negative? a. Charge b. Mass c. Magnetism d. Gravity

a. Charge

Many models have been developed to explain the nature of atoms. The model that helped scientists to understand energy levels of atoms was developed by: a. Niels Bohr. b. Albert Einstein. c. Sir Isaac Newton. d. Richard Feynman.

a. Niels Bohr.

Which of the following bonds is primarily covalent? a. O-N b. Na-S c. O-K d. Cl-Li

a. O-N

When an atom gains or loses electrons, it has an electrical charge. It is known as: a. an ion. b. a free radical. c. a hydrate. d. a monoatomic molecule.

a. an ion.

A characteristic of elements that demonstrate the strongest periodicity is: a. boiling point. b. thermal conductivity. c. atomic mass. d. electrical insulation.

a. boiling point.

In which type of bond do atoms share electrons? a. covalent bonds c. ionic bonds b. metallic bonds d. polyatomic bonds

a. covalent bonds

Characteristics of non-metals include all of the following EXCEPT: a. ductile. b. brittle. c. poor conductors. d. dull.

a. ductile.

Materials that allow electricity to flow through easily are known as: a. electrical conductors. b. thermal conductors. c. insulators. d. All of the above

a. electrical conductors.

A charged particle that accounts for nearly half the mass of an atom is the: a. electron. b. neutron. c. proton. d. positron.

a. electron.

A particle with zero charge found in the nucleus of an atom is called a(n): a. electron. b. proton. c. neutron. d. positron

a. electron.

Electrons with higher energy are located: a. farther from the nucleus of the atom. b. closer to the nucleus of the atom. c. in the nucleus of the atom. d. at lower levels of the atom.

a. farther from the nucleus of the atom.

The noble gases such as helium and xenon do not form chemical bonds with other elements because they: a. have completely filled energy levels. b. are chemically unstable. c. are unusually large atoms. d. have been around longest on the earth.

a. have completely filled energy levels.

An ionic bond is a bond that forms between a. ions with opposite charges. b. atoms with neutral charges. c. one atom's nucleus and another atom's electrons. d. the electrons of two different atoms.

a. ions with opposite charges.

A positively charged ion a. is formed when an atom loses electrons. b. is called an anion. c. is usually a nonmetallic element. d. has more electrons than protons.

a. is formed when an atom loses electrons.

The location of metals on the periodic table is on the: a. left. b. top. c. right. d. bottom

a. left.

Most of the elements in the periodic table can be described as: a. metals. b. nonmetals. c. metalloids. d. halogens.

a. metals.

An atom absorbs energy as its electrons: a. move from a low energy level to a high energy level. b. stay in a high energy level. c. move from a high energy level to a low energy level. d. stay in a low energy level.

a. move from a low energy level to a high energy level.

Compared to protons, electrons have: a. much smaller mass and opposite charge. b. about the same mass and opposite charge. c. much larger mass and the same charge. d. much larger mass and opposite charge.

a. much smaller mass and opposite charge.

Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and a. one atom of chlorine. b. one atom of oxygen. c. two atoms of chlorine. d. two atoms of oxygen.

a. one atom of chlorine.

The most abundant element in Earth's crust is: a. oxygen. b. silicon. c. carbon. d. nitrogen.

a. oxygen.

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called: a. periods. b. groups. c. columns. d. boxes.

a. periods.

The electronegativity of an element is defined as: a. the attraction an atom has for electrons b. the attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in an ionic bond. c. the amount of static electricity an element produces. d. the amount of charge one atom of an element produces.

a. the attraction an atom has for electrons

The noble gases, such as helium and xenon, are non-reactive because: a. they have completely filled outer electron shells. b. they are chemically unstable. c. they are unusually large atoms. d. they have been around longest on Earth

a. they have completely filled outer electron shells.

The radioactive decay of an atom resulting in the decrease in the atomic number with no change in the atomic mass is _____________ decay.

alpha

The mass of an electron is about: a. 1800 times heavier than a proton. b. 1800 times lighter than a proton. c. 10,000 times heavier than a proton. d. 10,000 times lighter than a proton.

b. 1800 times lighter than a proton.

How many energy levels are filled in a krypton atom? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

b. 4

In a double bond between two atoms, the number of shared electrons is a. 2 c. 6 b. 4 d. 8

b. 4

A common isotope of Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons are in an atom of this isotope? a. 6 b. 7 c. 12 d. 13

b. 7

Fe2O3 is named iron (III) oxide because it contains a. three oxygen atoms. b. Fe3+ ions. c. three iron atoms. d. O3+ ions.

b. Fe3+ ions.

Often atoms join so that each atom will have a. an even number of electrons. b. an outermost energy level that is full of electrons. c. an equal number of protons and electrons. d. more electrons than either protons or neutrons.

b. an outermost energy level that is full of electrons.

Elements in the first column of the periodic table are known as alkali metals. These elements, when ionized, have in common: a. an oxidation number of 1- b. an oxidation number of 1+ c. an oxidation number of 2- d. an oxidation number of 2+

b. an oxidation number of 1+

The "building blocks" of matter are: a. electrons. b. atoms and molecules. c. found only in the plasma state. d. as of yet undiscovered.

b. atoms and molecules.

In an ionic bond, how does a nitrogen atom most commonly achieve an octet of electrons? a. by gaining 5 electrons b. by gaining 3 electrons c. by losing 5 electrons d. by losing 3 electrons

b. by gaining 3 electrons

The forces that hold different atoms or ions together are a. electric currents. b. chemical bonds. c. physical bonds. d. nuclear forces.

b. chemical bonds.

Electrons are bound to the nucleus by: a. gravity. b. electromagnetic force. c. the strong nuclear force. d. the weak force.

b. electromagnetic force.

A period's number on the periodic table corresponds to the number of: a. electrons an atom in the period can accept when reacting to form compounds. b. energy levels of the atoms in the period. c. compounds that may be formed by an element in the period. d. neutrons in the nuclei of atoms in the period.

b. energy levels of the atoms in the period.

A carbon atom can bond to four other atoms because it has a. four different cations. b. four valence electrons. c. two inner energy levels. d. no protons in its nucleus.

b. four valence electrons.

Sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine when sodium ____ an electron and chlorine ____ an electron. a. shares, shares b. loses, gains c. gains, loses d. loses, loses

b. loses, gains

The mass of an atom is determined mainly by the: a. mass of the neutrons. b. mass of the neutrons and protons. c. mass of the electrons. d. mass of the electrons and neutrons.

b. mass of the neutrons and protons.

The anion formed from an oxygen atom is called a(n) a. oxygen ion. b. oxide ion. c. carbon dioxide. d. nitrous oxide

b. oxide ion.

A way of organizing the elements based on their chemical properties is the: a. energy level. b. periodic table. c. nucleus. d. isotope.

b. periodic table.

An element essential to the manufacture of DNA and glow-in-the-dark plastic is: a. fluorine. b. phosphorus. c. sulfur. d. nitrogen.

b. phosphorus.

The ____ is one kind of particle that makes up the atom and carries a positive charge. a. electron b. proton c. neutron d. plasma

b. proton

An atomic mass unit is the approximate mass of a single: a. electron. b. proton. c. carbon atom. d. carbon molecule

b. proton.

An example of a metalloid, elements with properties between metals and non-metals, is a. iron. b. silicon. c. oxygen. d. copper.

b. silicon.

To use the crisscross method of writing the formula of an ionic compound, write the numerical charge of a. the cation as the subscript of the cation. b. the anion as the subscript of the cation. c. each ion as its own subscript. d. each ion as its own superscript

b. the anion as the subscript of the cation.

Atoms of the same element may contain: a. the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons. b. the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. c. a different number of protons and a different number of neutrons. d. the same number of electrons but a different number of protons.

b. the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

The second row of the periodic table has 8 elements because: a. there are 8 protons in the nucleus of oxygen. b. the second energy level can hold 8 electrons. c. the first row has 7 elements and the third row has 9 elements. d. 8 is 2 × 2 × 2

b. the second energy level can hold 8 electrons.

Which of the following is TRUE? Covalent bonding occurs: a. in salts like NaCl. b. when electrons are shared between two atoms. c. only when electrons are shared between two identical atoms. d. when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

b. when electrons are shared between two atoms.

The letter e represents the elementary charge. In normal matter, the charge that would not be found is: a. +1e b. +2e c. +2.5e d. -2e

c. +2.5e

Monatomic anions are named with the suffix a. -ate. c. -ide. b. -ite. d. -ade.

c. -ide.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about atoms? a. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. b. Atoms of different elements may have different numbers of protons in the nucleus. c. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons. d. The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons

c. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons.

When nickel combines with fluorine to form nickel (III) fluoride, the charge of the nickel ion is a. Ni1+ b. Ni2+ c. Ni3+ d. Ni4+

c. Ni3+

A chemical formula for a compound tells a lot of information about that compound. Which of the following is NOT true of a chemical formula? a. The chemical symbols for each element in the compound are given. b. The chemical formula lets you know if polyatomic ions are present in the compound. c. The element with the negative oxidation number is usually listed first. d. The chemical formula allows you to calculate the formula mass of a compound.

c. The element with the negative oxidation number is usually listed first.

Why don't all the electrons in an atom fall to the lowest energy level? a. Electrons move so fast they quickly bounce out of the lowest energy level. b. Gravity won't allow it. c. The lowest energy level can only hold 2 electrons. d. The nucleus repels the electrons.

c. The lowest energy level can only hold 2 electrons.

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called: a. prototypes. b. subtypes. c. isotopes. d. ions.

c. isotopes.

The element that is shiny in appearance, quite dense and liquid at room temperature is: a. silver. b. aluminum. c. mercury. d. zinc.

c. mercury.

When two hydrogen atoms bond, the positive nucleus of one atom attracts the a. negative nucleus of the other atom. c. negative electron of the other atom. b. positive electron of the other atom. d. positive nucleus of the other atom.

c. negative electron of the other atom.

Covalent bonds are formed between a. ions. c. nonmetal atoms. b. metal atoms. d. compounds.

c. nonmetal atoms.

Of the following, the best insulator is the element: a. zinc. b. chromium. c. sulfur. d. magnesium

c. sulfur.

Atomic mass is approximately the same as: a. the atomic number. b. an atomic mass unit. c. the mass number. d. the element symbol.

c. the mass number.

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by: a. gravity. b. electromagnetic force. c. the strong nuclear force. d. the weak force

c. the strong nuclear force.

The charge on a complete atom is equal to: a. the number of protons. b. the number of electrons. c. zero. d. e.

c. zero.

Which of the following is evidence that a chemical change has occurred? a. A material changes from solid to liquid. b. The temperature of a material changes from 10ºC to 20ºC. c. A material is hammered from a round shape to a flat shape. d. A material changes color from blue to red.

d. A material changes color from blue to red.

. Which statement best explains why atoms form chemical bonds with other atoms? a. Most atoms are less stable when they combine with other atoms. b. When atoms collide with other atoms, they bond automatically. c. Atoms are always attracted to other atoms. d. Most atoms are unstable unless they are combined with other atoms.

d. Most atoms are unstable unless they are combined with other atoms.

What do we call the tiny core at the center of an atom, containing most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge? a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Nucleus

d. Nucleus

All of the following atoms have an octet of electrons except a. Al3+ c. Mg2+ b. Cl- d. O-

d. O-

What is the general rule for writing the formula of a binary ionic compound? a. Use a ratio of cations to anions that gives equal numbers of each kind of ion. b. Use the charge of each ion as its subscript in the formula. c. Use the charge of each ion as the subscript for the other ion. d. Use the simplest whole number ratio of cations and anions that will give an electrically neutral compound.

d. Use the simplest whole number ratio of cations and anions that will give an electrically neutral compound.

The name for the compound with the formula Cr2O3 would be written as a. chromium(I) oxide. b. chromium(II) oxide. c. chromium oxygen. d. chromium(III) oxide.

d. chromium(III) oxide.

When a calcium atom becomes an ion, it a. gains one proton. c. loses one electron. b. gains two electrons. d. loses two electrons.

d. loses two electrons.

Elements used to make semiconductors for computers include germanium and: a. oxygen. b. iron. c. carbon. d. silicon.

d. silicon.

Atomic number is: a. the number of electrons and protons in an atom. b. the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. c. the number of electrons in an atom. d. the number of protons in an atom

d. the number of protons in an atom

Of the three sub-atomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons, which determines most of the properties of an element?

electrons

True or false. The proton's mass number is equal and opposite to the electron's.

false, charge

True or false. The smallest quantity of electric charge that can be found in ordinary matter is represented by the letter c.

false, e

True or false. The group of elements that tend to be found as toxic gases or liquids in their pure form, including chlorine, bromine and iodine, are called the alkali metals.

false, halogens

True or false. Solid elements described as dull, brittle, and poor electrical and thermal conductors are most likely metals.

false, nonmetals

True or false. The tiny core of an atom containing most of the mass of the atom is the neutron.

false, nucleus

True or false. Properties such as boiling point, phase, density, and specific heat are known as chemical properties.

false, physical

True or false. Two negative charges will attract one another

false, repel

True or false. The strongest force in the universe is gravity.

false, strong nuclear force

On the periodic table, elements with similar properties are placed in vertical columns called _________.

groups

Where would a particle with a charge of +e be found in an atom?

in the nuclues

Atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are described as __________.

isotopes

The group identified as inert gases because their atoms do not form chemical bonds with other atoms is also known as the __________ gases.

noble

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called _________.

periods

Each element emits a characteristic pattern of ____________ when viewed through a spectroscope.

spectral lines

The instrument used to separate the light given off by electrons into different colors is called a ______________.

spectroscopre

List the four forces found within atoms and rank them in order of decreasing strength.

strong nuclear force electromagnetic force weak force gravity

True or false. A property that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance is called a chemical property

true

True or false. Elements with similar properties, listed in a single column on the periodic table, form what is called a group.

true

True or false. On the periodic table, metals are found, in general, on the left side of the table.

true

True or false. The nucleus of an atom that spontaneously breaks up to emits particles or pure energy may be called radioactive

true

True or false. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the mass number.

true