PHY - Final

An atom of nitrogen has how many electrons? a. 7 b. 7 or 8 c. 14 or 15 d. Cannot be determined with the information given.

a. 7

Of the following statements, the one which is ALWAYS TRUE is: a. All lithium atoms contain the same number of protons. b. All lithium atoms contain the same number of neutrons. c. All lithium atoms have the same mass. d. The sum of protons plus neutrons is the same in all lithium atoms.

a. All lithium atoms contain the same number of protons.

Who explained the behavior of positively charged particles being deflected from a metal foil as the nucleus? a. Ernest Rutherford c. James Chadwick b. John Dalton d. Niels Bohr

a. Ernest Rutherford

Who first proposed an atomic theory based on scientific knowledge, stating that all matter is made up of small particles called atoms? a. John Dalton b. J.J. Thompson c. Ernest Rutherford d. Dmitri Mendeleev

a. John Dalton

What happens if you reverse the direction of current flow in an electromagnet? a. The north and south poles are reversed. b. The magnetic field disappears. c. The strength of the magnetic field increases. d. A short circuit occurs.

a. The north and south poles are reversed.

Which is the electron configuration for 24 Cr? a. [Ar] 4s^23d^4 c. [Ar] 4s^33d^3 b. [Ar] 4s^13d^5 d. [Ar] 4s^43d^2

a. [Ar] 4s^23d^4

The mass of a neutron is a. about the same as that of a proton. b. about the same as that of an electron. c. double that of a proton. d. double that of an electron.

a. about the same as that of a proton.

Placing the north pole of a magnet near the south pole of another magnet results in: a. an attractive force between the magnets. b. a repulsive force between the magnets. c. an electric force between the magnets. d. no force between the magnets.

a. an attractive force between the magnets.

According to the Rutherford model, what makes up most of the VOLUME of an atom? a. empty space c. positive charges b. the nucleus d. electrons

a. empty space

Electrons with higher energy are located: a. farther from the nucleus of the atom. b. closer to the nucleus of the atom. c. in the nucleus of the atom. d. at lower levels of the atom.

a. farther from the nucleus of the atom.

The measure of the number of cycles per second is called: a. frequency. b. period. c. amplitude. d. vibration.

a. frequency.

Earths's Magnetic Field a. has undergone many reversals in polarity b. Has the north pole next to magnetic north c. has always been as it is now d. is caused by a molten liquid core.

a. has undergone many reversals in polarity

An atom absorbs energy as its electrons: a. move from a low energy level to a high energy level. b. in a high energy level. c. move from a high energy level to a low energy level. d. stay in a low energy level.

a. move from a low energy level to a high energy level.

Compared to protons, electrons have: a. much smaller mass and opposite charge. b. about the same mass and opposite charge. c. much larger mass and the same charge. d. much larger mass and opposite charge.

a. much smaller mass and opposite charge.

Destructive interference occurs because: a. multiple waves combine to make a wave of smaller amplitude. b. waves bend around or through holes in an obstacle. c. waves are absorbed and disappear. d. two waves add up to make a wave of larger amplitude.

a. multiple waves combine to make a wave of smaller amplitude.

A unit used to measure the period of a cycle is the: a. second. c. meter. b. hertz. d. newton-second.

a. second

The noble gases, such as helium and xenon, are non-reactive because: a. they have completely filled outer electron shells. b. they are chemically unstable. c. they are unusually large atoms. d. they have been around longest on Earth.

a. they have completely filled outer electron shells.

Which of the following materials is LEAST affected by magnetism? a. Wood b. Iron c. Magnetite d. Nickel

a. wood

The speed of sound in air at normal temperatures is about ____ m/s. a. 34. c. 3,400 b. 340 d. 34,000

b. 340

How many energy levels are filled in a krypton atom? a. 3 c. 5 b. 4 d. 6

b. 4

A common isotope of Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons are in an atom of this isotope? a. 6 b. 7 c. 12 d. 13

b. 7

How many orbitals are in the "f" sub group? a. 14 c. 6 b. 7 d. 3

b. 7

What happens when a rubber rod is rubbed with a piece of fur, giving it a negative charge? a. Protons are removed from the rod. b. Electrons are added to the rod. c. Electrons are added to the fur. d. The fur is left neutral.

b. Electrons are added to the rod.

Who proposed the plum pudding model? a. John Dalton c. Ernest Rutherford b. J.J. Thompson d. Dmitri Mendeleev

b. J.J. Thompson

What happens if you increase the current in an electromagnet? a. The north and south poles will be switched. b. The magnetic field will be stronger. c. The magnetic field will disappear. d. A short circuit will be created.

b. The magnetic field will be stronger.

Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? a. Atoms cannot be divided, created, or destroyed. b. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number. c. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. d. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.

b. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number

The "building blocks" of matter are: a. electrons. b. atoms and molecules. c. found only in the plasma state. d. as of yet undiscovered.

b. atoms and molecules.

Charge is most easily transferred in a. nonconductors. c. semiconductors. b. conductors. d. insulators.

b. conductors

Two large waves on the ocean come together on the ocean's surface to form a gigantic wave. The interaction responsible for this is called: a. frequency amplification. b. constructive interference. c. destructive interference. d. amplitude destruction.

b. constructive interference.

A unit of motion repeated over and over again is called the: a. amplitude. b. cycle. c. velocity. d. period.

b. cycle.

The first part of an atom to be discovered was the a. proton c. neutron b. electron d. nucleus

b. electron

For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state, a. energy must be released. b. energy must be absorbed. c. radiation must be emitted. d. the electron must make a transition from a higher to a lower energy level.

b. energy must be absorbed.

Reverse the direction of a current in a wire, and the magnetic field around the wire will a. have an inverse magnitude of strength. b. have a reversed north and south pole direction. c. become a conventional current. d. remain unchanged.

b. have a reversed north and south pole direction.

Three ways you can increase the strength of an electromagnet are: a. decrease the number of coils, increase the current, and add iron to the core. b. increase the number of coils, increase the current, and add iron to the core. c. increase the number of coils, decrease the current, and add iron to the core. d. decrease the number of coils, decrease the current, and add iron to the core.

b. increase the number of coils, increase the current, and add iron to the core.

A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when the charges are of a. unlike signs. c. equal magnitude. b. like signs. d. unequal magnitude.

b. like signs

Sound waves are: a. transverse waves. c. electromagnetic waves. b. longitudinal waves. d. seismic waves.

b. longitudinal waves.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different a. principal chemical properties. b. masses. c. numbers of protons. d. numbers of electrons.

b. masses.

A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n) a. nuclide. c. electron. b. neutron. d. isotope.

b. neutron

In the gold foil experiment, most of the particles fired at the foil a. bounced back. c. were absorbed by the foil. b. passed through the foil. d. combined with the foil.

b. passed through the foil.

As a wave front crosses a boundary between two different media, the wave front may change direction, an interaction known as: a. reflection. c. diffraction. b. refraction. d. absorption.

b. refraction

An ocean wave has a frequency of 2 Hz and a speed of 20 m/sec. What is the wavelength of this wave? a. 0.1 meter b. 10 meters c. 20 meters d. 40 meters

c. 20 meters

An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is a. 13. c. 27. b. 14. d. 40.

c. 27

An iron (Fe) ion has an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56, and a net charge of -2. The total number of electrons is?: a. 26 b. 24 c. 28 d. 30

c. 28

An atom contains 11 electrons. If a 12th electron were added to the atom, the energy level into which it would be placed is energy level: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

The number of orbitals for the d sublevel is a. 1. c. 5. b. 3. d. 7.

c. 5

What is the maximum ground state for an electron? a. 1 c. 7 b. 3 d. Infinite amount.

c. 7

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about atoms? a. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. b. Atoms of different elements may have different numbers of protons in the nucleus. c. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons. d. The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons.

c. All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons.

Which of the following is not a feature of Bohr's model of the atom? a. Electrons move in circular orbits about the nucleus. b. Only certain electron orbits are allowed. c. Electrons emit radiation continuously while orbiting the nucleus. d. Electron jumps between energy levels account for discrete spectral lines.

c. Electrons emit radiation continuously while orbiting the nucleus.

When Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions at gold foil, some of the helium ions bounced back in the direction they came from, rather than passing through. What was the his explanation of this unexpected result? a. An atom is mostly empty space. b. Electrons surround the nucleus of the atom. c. The mass of the gold atom is concentrated in a tiny, dense core. d. Electrons have a negative charge.

c. The mass of the gold atom is concentrated in a tiny, dense core.

Theaters often use heavy curtains to reduce echoes during performances. The function of the curtains is to ____ sound. a. refract b. reflect c. diffract d. absorb

c. ansorb

Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the a. nucleus. c. electron cloud. b. nuclides. d. protons.

c. electron cloud

An atom contains ____ in various energy levels. a. neutrons b. protons c. electrons d. ions

c. electrons

In Rutherford's experiment, why did the nucleus repel alpha particles? a. electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged nucleus and alpha particles b. electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged nucleus and alpha particles c. electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nucleus and alpha particles d. electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and alpha particles

c. electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nucleus and alpha particles

Sound will travel: a. faster in air than in any material. b. fastest in outer space. c. faster in steel than in air. d. faster in cold air than warm air.

c. faster in steel than in air.

The unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the: a. meter. c. hertz. b. meter/second. d. hertz/second.

c. hertz

A longitudinal wave travels: a. only along the Earth's longitudinal lines. b. perpendicular to the direction of oscillations. c. in the same direction as the oscillations. d. perpendicular to a lateral wave

c. in the same direction as the oscillations.

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called: a. prototypes. b. subtypes. c. isotopes. d. ions.

c. isotopes

The oscillation of air pressure can result in ____ waves. a. transverse c. longitudinal b. light d. circular

c. longitudinal

An atom emits light when one of its electrons: a. moves from a low energy level to a high energy level. b. remains at a high energy level. c. moves from a high energy level to a low energy level. d. remains at a low energy level.

c. moves from a high energy level to a low energy level.

Most of the mass of an atom is occupied by a. empty space c. nucleus b. photon d. electron

c. nucleus

Rutherford's experiments involving the use of alpha particle beams directed onto thin metal foils demonstrated the existence of which of the following? a. neutron c. nucleus b. proton d. positron

c. nucleus

The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the a. electron. c. nucleus. b. cathode ray. d. neutron.

c. nucleus

The letter designations for the first four sublevels, with the number of electrons that can be accommodated in each sublevel are a. s: 1, p: 3, d: 10, and f: 14. b. s: 1, p: 3, d: 5, and f: 7. c. s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, and f: 14. d. s: 1, p: 2, d: 3, and f: 4.

c. s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, and f: 14.

The nucleus of most atoms is composed of a. tightly packed protons. b. tightly packed neutrons. c. tightly packed protons and neutrons. d. loosely connected protons and electrons.

c. tightly packed protons and neutrons.

A common isotope of iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56. The total number of subatomic particles in the nucleus is: a. 26 b. 30 c. 56 d. 82

d. 82

Ability to hear may be affected by: a. age. b. loud sounds. c. high frequency sounds. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom? a. An atom is indivisible. b. Electrons make up the center of an atom. c. An atom carries a positive charge. d. An atom contains a small, dense, positively charged central region.

d. An atom contains a small, dense, positively charged central region.

How are electric charge and magnetic poles similar? a. Both are positive and negative. b. Electrons attract magnetic poles. c. Both have two types that can exist by themselves. d. Both attract the opposite type and repel the same type.

d. Both attract the opposite type and repel the same type.

What do we call the tiny core at the center of an atom, containing most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge? a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Nucleus

d. Nucleus

Which of the following statements about two isotopes of the same element is FALSE? a. The number of neutrons may be different between the two isotopes. b. One isotope might be radioactive while the other isotope might be stable. c. One isotope might have a larger mass than the other isotope. d. The number of protons might be different between the two isotopes.

d. The number of protons might be different between the two isotopes.

A photon of which of the following has the most energy? a. red light c. green light b. orange light d. blue light

d. blue light

If a 12-inch long bar magnet is cut into two pieces, one inch from the north pole end of the magnet: a. the short piece of the magnet has a north pole on one end and no pole on the other. b. the long piece of the magnet has a south pole on both ends. c. the short piece has a north pole on both ends. d. both pieces have a north and a south pole on each end.

d. both pieces have a north and a south pole on each end.

The type of magnet made using wires and electric current is a(n): a. permanent magnet. b. horseshoe magnet. c. neodymium magnet. d. electromagnet.

d. electromagnet.

British physicist J. J. Thomson was the first to identify the: a. atomic theory. b. proton. c. neutron. d. electron.

d. electron

Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the a. proton. c. neutron. b. nucleus. d. electron.

d. electron

The unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the: a. meter. b. meter/second. c. hertz. d. hertz/second.

d. hertz/second.

Protons and neutrons are found grouped together in the: a. electron cloud. b. charge. c. periodic table. d. nucleus.

d. nucleus

What is the concentration of positive charge and mass in Rutherford's atomic model called? a. alpha particle c. proton b. neutron d. nucleus

d. nucleus

The amount of time required for one cycle to occur is called the: a. amplitude. c. harmonic. b. frequency. d. period.

d. period

Atomic number is: a. the number of electrons and protons in an atom. b. the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. c. the number of electrons in an atom. d. the number of protons in an atom.

d. the number of protons in an atom.