PHYS TEST BANK #1

C. 4,2,1,3,6,5

The correct order from the smallest to the largest is A) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5. B) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5. C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5. D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5. E) 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1.

The x-axis is race number or date; the y-axis is finish time in minutes.

-A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race time changes with experience. You set up a graph to display the race finish times of this horse. What would the labels be for the graph axes?

B. line graph

-A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race time changes with experience. You set up a graph to display the race finish times of this horse. Which type of graph would be best to display the race finish times of this horse? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

C. a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect

-A placebo is A) any drug being tested in a clinical trial. B) any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers. C) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect. D) a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development. E) a hole in a cavity wall through which an organ protrudes.

A. meta-analysis

-A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is A) meta-analysis. B) retrospective analysis. C) prospective analysis. D) cross-sectional analysis. E) longitudinal analysis.

C) teleological

-"Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is A) mechanistic. B) theological. C) teleological. D) metalogical. E) scatological.

A. mechanistic

-"Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is A) mechanistic. B) theological. C) teleological. D) metalogical. E) scatological.

B. physiological functions that promote an organism's survival

-Adaptive significance is an important concept in physiology because it describes the A) importance of a highly variable external environment. B) physiological functions that promote an organism's survival. C) ability of an organism to monitor and restore its internal state to normal conditions when necessary. D) similarities between ancient and modern marine organisms. E) parameters necessary to maintain a constant internal environment.

B. False

-Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions, they are usually considered separately in studies of the body. A) True B) False

D. movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin

-Excretion is a function of the body. Which of the following would be considered excretion? A) Movement of sodium from the intestines to the bloodstream. B) Movement of glucose from the kidney to the blood stream. C) Movement of potassium from kidney cells into one's urine. D) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin. E) Movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream.

C. quickly restore changed conditions to normal

-Homeostasis is the ability of the body to A) prevent the external environment from changing. B) prevent the internal environment from changing. C) quickly restore changed conditions to normal. D) ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest. E) prevent excessive blood loss.

C. pharmacogenomics

-How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called A) pharmacokinetics. B) pharmacogenetics. C) pharmacogenomics. D) pharmacodynamics. E) pharmageddon.

C. insulin binds to its receptor which triggers the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane

-Individuals with Type I diabetes do not make enough insulin. Which of the following would be a mechanistic explanation of how insulin is used by the body? A) Cells need insulin because glucose will not cross the cell membrane. B) Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose transport. C) Insulin binds to its receptor which triggers the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane. D) Since all cells need glucose, insulin is required. E) Without insulin most cells in the body would be unable to produce enough ATP.

See Table 1.1 in the chapter

-List the key concepts or themes in physiology.

B. positive feedback

-Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger? A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) local control D) nociceptive feedback

D. the normal function of living organisms.

-Physiology is the study of A) the structure of the body. B) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level. C) growth and reproduction. D) the normal function of living organisms. E) the facial features as an indication of personality.

E. observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

-Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the process of scientific inquiry: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication. A) experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication B) replication, hypothesis, experimental data, theory, model, observation C) theory, observation, experimental data, hypothesis, replication, model D) observation, replication, model, experimental data, hypothesis, theory E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

Our sleep-wake cycle is a biological rhythm that lets our body know when it is time to rest. Most likely Sarah has ignored the signals like sleepiness, changes in body temperature, and mood that her body is sending. By ignoring these rhythms she has disrupted the cycle and the body is struggling to maintain homeostasis.

-Sarah has just flown around the world in the last 48 hours. She is having trouble sleeping, a condition known as insomnia. How do you think Sarah's long flights and her insomnia are related to biological rhythms?

D. physiome

-The Internet database for molecular, cellular, and physiological information is called the ________ Project. A) Human Genome B) Physiognomy C) Physiosome D) Physiome E) Manhattan

C. teleological

-The human environment is terrestrial, dry, and highly variable. However, our bodies expend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant internal environment. Studying why our bodies do this is what kind of scientific endeavor? A) mechanistic B) translational C) teleological D) anatomical E) meterological

B. nature

-The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of A) organs. B) nature. C) science. D) chemistry. E) math.

D. pathophysiology

-The study of body function in a disease state is A) necrology. B) physiology. C) microbiology. D) pathophysiology. E) histology.

The x-axis is vitamin dose; the y-axis is finish time in minutes.

-There are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. They are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of different concentrations of a particular vitamin. They all run the same race. You set up a graph to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose. What are the labels for the graph axes?

C. scatter plot

-There are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. They are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of different concentrations of a particular vitamin. They all run the same race. You set up a graph to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose. Which type of graph is best to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

A peer-reviewed article describes original research by one author (or group of authors working together) that has gone through a screening process in which a panel of qualified scientists evaluate the work. A review article is a summary (usually a collection of published research that was previously peer-reviewed, usually from more than one independent lab) that discusses a particular topic in the field.

-What is the difference between a peer-reviewed article and a review article?

Return to the topic of function and process. The deconstructionist view of biology predicted that once we uncovered the sequence of the human genome, the inner workings of the human body would be revealed. In reality, it is possible to know HOW a gene codes for a particular protein without knowing WHY that protein exists. Our knowledge of the human genome is only a piece of the puzzle.

-What is the major problem with the deconstructionist view of biology?

Answer: It is the phenomenon whereby a patient who has been informed of the side effects of a drug he is taking is more likely to experience some of the side effects than an otherwise similar patient receiving the same drug who has not been so informed.

-What is the nocebo effect?

D. extracellular fluid

-Which of the following is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body? A) cell membrane B) red blood cells C) intracellular fluid D) extracellular fluid E) All of the answers are correct.

A. hormones

-Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"? A) hormones B) nutrients C) water D) inorganic ions E) None of the answers are correct.

B. circulatory system

-Which of the following systems does NOT exchange material with the internal and external environments? A) respiratory system B) circulatory system C) digestive system D) urinary system E) All of the above.

This is discussed in the "Physiology Is an Integrative Science" section of the chapter

-Why are physiology and anatomy frequently studied together?

A graph with no axis labels is meaningless—without knowing what trend is being illustrated, there is no communication of scientific information.

-Why is it necessary to label the axes of a graph?

If this is not done, a trend would be obscured or even misrepresented.

-Why is it necessary to space grid marks on a graph proportionally to the quantity measured (example: each square represents one centimeter)?

B. medlinepluspubmed

-You are interested in learning more about Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that primarily affects motor function. Which is the best source to begin your investigation? A) Ask.com B) MedlinePlusPubMed C) public library D) physiology textbook E) a physician

D. heart rate

-You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered a dependent variable? A) age of subjects B) sex of subjects C) intensity of exercise D) heart rate E) More than one of the answers is correct.

C. intensity of exercise

-You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered an independent variable? A) age of subjects B) sex of subjects C) intensity of exercise D) heart rate E) More than one of the answers is correct.

The x-axis is horse name or number; the y-axis is finish time in minutes.

-You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby. What would the labels be for the graph axes?

A. bar graph

-You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby. Which type of graph would be best to display this information? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

A. evidence-based

A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine. A) evidence-based B) traditional C) alternative D) whimsical E) holistic

C. hypothesis

A scientifically logical guess is a A) model. B) theory. C) hypothesis. D) law. E) variable.

B. crossover

A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called a ________ study. A) double-blind B) crossover C) meta-analysis D) retrospective

B. theory

If a scientific model is supported or verified repeatedly by multiple investigators, it may become a A) model. B) theory. C) hypothesis. D) law. E) variable.