Physical Science - Chapter 1

Match the SI unit on the left with the property on the right. a.) Mole b.) Seconds c.) ampere d.) meter

a.) Amount of substance b.) time c.) electric current d.) length

a.) Volume of 1,000 cm3 b.) Volume of 1 cm3 c.) Volume of 1 mL

a.) Has a mass of 1 kg b.) Has a mass of 1 g c.) Equal to the volume of 1 cm3

Match the property on the left with its SI base unit on the right. a.) Candela b.) Mass c.) Time d.) Temperature

a.) luminous intensity b.) Kilogram c.) Seconds d.) Kelvin

Measurements are useful in sharing descriptions of an object because they Blank______.

compare a property of an object to a well-defined and agreed-upon referent

How you consider time is an example of your _________ of an intangible idea.

concept

Using the information in the figure for the three cubes, calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio. Match the cube labeled a, b, or c to the correct ratio. Cube a - 1 Cm. Cube b - 2 Cm. Cube c - 3 Cm.

cube a ( ---- 6:1 cube b ---- 3:1 cube c ----- 2:1

Replicability of an experiment _________.

is important in deciphering the reliability of the results

Quantities are ___________.

measured properties

The ________ process involves the comparison of the referent unit to the property being described, following a procedure that specifies how the comparison is made, and counting how many standard units describe the property being considered.

measurement

An experiment is a(n) _____________.

re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis

If I were to state that the object I am looking at is sky blue, the _____________ , for the color blue is the sky, because I am using a familiar object to refer to a given property of an object.

referent

The word referent means that you Blank______.

think of a given property in terms of another, more familiar object

Standard units are ______.

units of measurement usually defined by governments and their agencies, making it possible to duplicate measurements

The symbol for density is ________.

ρ

By measuring and multiplying the length and width of an object its ___________can be calculated.

- Area. L X H

What three separate activities seem to be common to scientists in different fields as they conduct scientific investigations?

- Collecting observations - Developing explanations - Testing explanations

Which of the following are steps in the measurement process?

- Counting how many standard units describe the property being considered - Following a procedure or operation that specifies how the comparison is made

Which of the cubes in the figure has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of 2:1? Multiple choice question. Cube c Cube b Cube a

- Cube c (largest cube)

Information that is collected using measurements to describe objects, conditions, events, or changes that might be occurring is called ______________.

- Data

Measurement information used to describe objects or processes is called _________.

- Data

If you wanted to convey information regarding weather and temperature in a way that everyone could understand, which measurement would you most likely use?

- Degrees

The ratio of mass per unit volume is an object's ___________.

- Density

True or false: The International System of Units (SI) is a system of measurement developed by the United Nations.

- False. Reason: The International System of Units (SI) a modernized version of the metric system. SI base units include the meter, kilogram, and second.

Standard units are usually defined and established by ___________.

- Governments and their agencies

Weight is the measure of the force of __________ on an object.

- Gravity

Which of the following statements is true about a controlled experiment?

- It compares two situations in which all the influencing factors are identical except one.

The measure of the inertia of an object is its ___.

- Mass

In the metric system, what is the unit for length?

- Meter

How could you measure the surface area of a cube?

- One would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six. Reason: Area means the extent of a surface.

A relationship between two numbers obtained when one number is divided by another number is a(n) ___________.

- Ratio

Which of the following steps would you do first in order to solve a problem?

- Read through the problem and make a list of all the variables with their symbols on the left side of the page, including the unknown.

Match the scientific law or principle with its description.

- Scientific law Drop zone Describes an important relationship that is observed in nature to occur consistently time after time - Scientific principle Describes a more specific set of relationships that is usually already identified and described

What is the standard unit for time?

- Second

Which of the following are characteristics of a controlled experiment?

- There is an experimental group where a single influencing factor is allowed to be different. - There is a control group where all influencing factors are kept stable.

Which of the following statements are correct about scientific hypotheses?

- They can be experiment-derived explanations. - They can be tentative thoughts.

What did some of the ancient natural philosophers achieve?

- They suggested the idea of matter being composed of atoms. - They developed the concept of basic components (i.e., elements making up matter).

True or false: For a hypothesis to be valid, it must be supported by either testing or observation.

- True

Which of the following is a proportionality statement, not an equation?

- V ∝ t

Which of the following is not a fundamental property?

- Volume Reason: Volume is not a fundamental property because it is defined by simpler terms, namely length, width, and height.

The measure of the force of gravity on an object is its __________.

- Weight

Which of the following are variables?

- Your weight - Rate of your heartbeat

A ratio is ___________.

- a relationship between two numbers that is obtained when one number is divided by another number

Time measurements formerly were based on Earth's rotation in a day but later became based on a high-precision device known as a(n) ____________.

- atomic clock Reason: The standard unit for time is the second.

Using metric prefixes, if a meter were divided into 100 equal-sized subunits, a single unit would be called a ____________.

- centimeters

Scientists look for Blank______ to determine whether or not experimental results are acceptable.

- consistency of results through replicate experiments

Equations are used to ___________.

- define a concept - describe a property - describe how quantities change relative to each other

Mass per unit volume is defined as the ________ ratio.

- density

In an equation, quantities on one side of the equal sign are ____________ the quantities on the other side.

- equal

A re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis is a(n) ________________.

- experiment

As a result of scientific work being very public and subject to review by peers, scientists tend to be __________.

- honest

Replicability of an experiment__________.

- is important in deciphering the reliability of the results

The symbol for a proportionality constant is usually _________.

- k

Mass is defined, under the metric system, by the standard unit of the ________.

- kg or kilograms

Select all that apply Some of the sources for symbol names are _________. - letters from the Greek alphabet - the last letter of the word the symbol represents - the first letter of the word the symbol represents (either an uppercase or lower case letter)

- letters from the Greek alphabet - the first letter of the word the symbol represents (either an uppercase or lower case letter)

One cubic centimeter of water has a __________.

- mass of 1 gram - volume of 1 milliliter

If you wanted to use numerically specific units to describe the size of a box, you would use _________.

- measurements of length, width, and height

Length is a measurement of ___________.

- meter

A description of a theory or idea that accounts for all known properties and is used because the object or system being studied is too small or large is a(n)____________.

- model

People in the distant past who sought understanding of the world around them through observation, thought, writing, and reasoning are referred to as ______________.

- natural philosophers

A scientific law and a scientific principle are similar in that they both describe _____________.

- observable relationships - physical phenomena

The meter is subdivided into 10 equal-sized subunits called decimeters because deci- stands for "__________."

- one-tenth of

Good scientists should _________.

- pay close attention to detail - be healthy skeptics

Fundamental properties are ____________.

- properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms

You can describe how two variables change relative to each other using a , ______________ statement.

- proportionality

Aproportionality statement that is unequal can be made into an equation by using a(n) ___________.

- proportionality constant

The symbol m represents a Blank______ of mass that is specified by a number and a unit: for example, 16 g.

- quantity

Historic schemes of thought that have survived the test of detailed examination for long periods of time are referred to collectively as a ___________.

- scientific theory

The symbol ρ for mass density comes from __________.

- the Greek alphabet

Conjecture differs from theory in that __________.

- theories have extensive experimental evidence and conjectures do not

A specific quantity of an object or event that can have different values is a(n) _________________in an experiment.

- variable

By measuring and multiplying the length, width, and height an object's ___________can be calculated.

- volume

How much space something occupies is a measure of its ________.

- volume

If given a value of 27 cm3 for a cube, that value is considered a measurement of Blank______.

- volume

In the following equation, which value is representative of a numerical constant: A = πr2?

- π Reason: Pi is equal to 3.14 (rounded off.)

Rank the following scientific investigation steps in the order they are most likely to occur. Put the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom. Position

1. Observe some aspect of nature. 2. Propose an explaination for something observed. 3. Test predictions by doing experiment or by making more observations.

Click and drag on elements in order Arrange the following steps for solving problems into a logical order from the first step at the top to the last step at the bottom.

1. Read through the problem and make a list of all the variables with their symbol on the left side of the page, including the unknown. 2. Inspect the list of variables and the unknown, and identify the equation that expresses the relationship between these variables. 3. Solve the equation for the variable in question before substituting any numbers and units in the equation. 4. Substitute the number value and unit for each symbol in the equation (except the unknown). 5. Do the indicated mathematical operations on the numbers and on the units. 6. Ask yourself if the number seems reasonable for the question that was asked.

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

A modernized version of the metric system Reason: SI base units include the meter, kilogram, and second.

Which of the following would qualify as phenomena a physical scientist would study?

A moving automobile A glass of water The Sun

The amount of time you spend studying is likely _________ to your grade on the exam. - equal - directly proportional - inversely proportional

Answer: directly proportional - equal Reason: Food consumption is not equal to weight gain but is proportional to it; in this case, directly proportional. - inversely proportional Reason: The relationship is not inverse but direct, as both variables would increase together.

The extent of a surface of an object is its _______.

Area

Your idea of what it is, in general, or what it should be according to your idea, is your _____________ of an object

Concept

ρ m V

Density Mass Volume

Match the term to the correct definition.

Direct proportion- When two variables increase (or decrease) together in the same ratio Inverse proportion- When one variable increases while a second variable decreases in the same ratio

English system Metric system

English System - Greek and Roman origins, including referents to parts of the human body Metric System - French Academy of Sciences, including invariable referents in nature, not the human body.

Using measurements will lead to vague descriptions

False

Match the material on the left with its density on the right.

Gold ------- 19.3 g/cm3 Iron -------- 7.9 g/cm3 Water ------ 1 g/cm3 Air --------- 0.0013g/cm3

Match the investigative process to the correct methodology.

Scientific investigation - Understanding through experimental testing and evidence Reasoning - Understanding through observation, conjecture, and thought

The atomic theory, which was developed in the late 1800s and has been the subject of extensive investigation and experimentation over the last century, qualifies as a ___________.

Scientific theory

The properties of an object are the effects the object has on your Blank______.

Senses

Identify the definition of unit.

The well-defined and agreed-upon referent is used as a standard.

Match the term to the correct description.

Theory ------ A broad working hypothesis that is based on extensive experimental evidence Conjecture ------ An explanation or idea based on speculation or on trivial grounds without any real evidence

A well-defined and agreed-upon referent that is used as a standard is called a(n) ________.

Unit