Physical Science ULM SummerII

How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure sample of any element?

1

About how fast does an electron travel around the atomic nucleus?

2 million/sec

How many periods are there in the periodic table? How many groups?

7 groups 18 periods

Which experiences the MOST electrical force in an electric field? a) Electron b) Beta particle c) Gamma ray d) Alpha particle

Alpha particle

What is the difference between an element and a chemical compound?

An element consists of only one type of atom.

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element? A) Atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium (Es) B) Atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon (Ra) C) Atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium (Ba) D) Atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium (Tc)

Atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium (Tc)

Distinguish between atomic number and mass number.

Atomic number A count of the number of protons in the atomic nucleus Mass # is the sum of all electrons portions and neutrons

6) An atom that emits a certain frequency of light is A) not likely to absorb that same frequency. B) an absorber of the same frequency.

B) an absorber of the same frequency.

Which experiences the least electrical force in an electric field? a) Electron b) Beta particle c) Gamma ray d) Alpha particle

Gamma ray

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? a. Nitrogen b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Carbon e. Water

Hydrogen

38) The symbol for lead is: A) Fe B) K C) Pb E) Fe F) Ag

Pb

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle. A) True B) False

TRUE

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers? A) The atomic masses are average atomic masses. B) Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements. C) That would be too much of a coincidence. D) Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

The atomic masses are average atomic masses

How is a physical change different from a chemical change?

The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change.

How is a physical change different from a chemical change? A) The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change. B) A physical change involves changes in chemical properties. C) The chemical identity of a substance is altered during a physical change. D) The physical properties of a substance are not altered during a chemical change

The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change.

Which of the following statements is true? An atom is the smallest particle known to exist. There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of Atoms are so small that there is no way we can photograph them. None of these statements are true.

There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all

Which is the smallest particle listed below? a molecule an atom a proton a neutron a quark

a quark

A molecule has mass. structure. energy. all of these. none of these.

all of these.

What does a spectroscope do to the light coming from an atom?

analyze

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in a) the mother's womb. b) the food the mother eats before giving birth. c) ancient stars. d) the Earth. e) none of these

ancient stars.

Radioactivity in the world is something

as old as the world itself.

What is at the center of every atom?

atomic nucleus

31) Elements of the periodic table are listed in order of A) atomic number. B) atomic mass. C) atomic size. D) all of the above.

atomic number.

Distinguish between an atom and an element.

atoms make up elements

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would become arsenic. become radioactive. expand and likely lodge in your throat.have a change in flavor. n = 6

become arsenic.

Uranium-238 absorbs a neutron

beta emitter

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less A) mass. B) charge. C) both of these . D) neither of these.

both of these .

Deuterium and tritium are both A) isotopes of the same element. B) forms of hydrogen. C) both of these. D) neither of these.

both of these.

Who first proposed that electrons exhibit the properties of a wave?

broglie

What is the relationship between the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold and the number of elements in each period of the periodic table?

capacity

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) carbon (C). B) nitrogen (N). C) helium (He). D) neon (Ne)

carbon

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains? nitrogen-12 carbon-12 neon-18 carbon-14

carbon-12

What is the atomic symbol for the element cobalt?

co

Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by

cosmic ray bombardment.

30) With increasing atomic number, the atomic size of elements A) decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases. B) increases gradually with periodic sudden drops. C) decreases continuously. D) increases continuously.

decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases.

33) In the periodic table, the metalloids are found A) horizontally below the main body. B) diagonally just right of the center. C) vertically to the far left hand side. D) vertically to the far right hand side.

diagonally just right of the center.

The components of a mixture are most efficiently separated from one another based upon their A) similarities in chemical properties. B) similarities in physical properties. C) differences in physical properties. D) differences in chemical properties.

differences in physical properties.

Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom? a. friction force b. electrical force c. nuclear force d. gravitational force e. none

electrical force

Once an alpha particle is outside the nucleus it is (a) free to wander about the nucleus (b) quickly bound to aneighboring nucleus (c) electrostatically repelled (d)radioactive

electrolytically repelled

The volume of matter mostly comes from its A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

electrons

the chemical proprieties of matter comes mostly

electrons

When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different A) ion of the same element. B) isotope of the same element. C) element.

element.

Which has more potential energy: an electron close to an atomic nucleus or one far from an atomic nucleus?

far

If gold were used as nuclear fuel it would be best?

fission

If carbon were used as nuclear fuel it would be best?

fused

17) Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it? A) beta rays B) alpha rays C) gamma rays D) none of these

gamma rays

What happens to the properties of elements across any period of the periodic table?

gradually chance

What causes an atom to emit light?

heat/electricity

Which is the oldest element? a)lead. b)uranium. c)hydrogen. d)plutonium.

hydrogen

What role does atomic number play in the periodic table?

identity

29) With increasing atomic number, the ionization energy of elements A) increases gradually with periodic sudden drops. B) decreases continuously. C) increases continuously. D) decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases.

increases gradually with periodic sudden drops.

When we use a scanning probe microscope, do we see atoms directly or only indirectly?

indirectly

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its...? A) stability B) instability C) neither stability nor instability

instability

In both fission and fusion, mass A) is changed to the form of kinetic energy. B) remains the same. C) is created from energy.

is changed to the form of kinetic energy.

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) lead B) gold C) mercury D) silver

lead

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) silver (Ag) B) mercury (Hg) C) gold (Au) D) lead (Pb)

lead (Pb)

The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become A) iron. B) alpha and beta particles. C) lead.

lead.

What was Planck's quantum hypothesis

light energy is quantized

Are most elements metallic or nonmetallic?

metallic

35) As atoms get more massive, they become smaller in size because A) more mass means more protons, which act to pull electrons in closer to the nucleus. B) their mass becomes more concentrated. C) more massive atoms have a greater number of atomic shells. D) but they don't!

more mass means more protons, which act to pull electrons in closer to the nucleus.

If iron were used as nuclear fuel it would be best?

neither

Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

neutron

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

neutrons.

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) none of these

neutrons.

There is a greater proportion of carbon-14 in A) old bones B) new bones C) same in each.

new bones

Did Bohr think of his planetary model as an accurate representation of what an atom looks like?

no

Is it possible to see an atom using visible light?

no

22) When two different elements combine to form a compound, the resulting properties of the compound are A) about the average of the properties of the two elements. B) not necessarily anything like those of the elements. C) predictable based upon the nature of the combining elements. D) most like the element given in the greatest amount.

not necessarily anything like those of the elements.

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by

nuclear fusion.

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by A)photosynthesis. B)nuclear fusion. C)radiant energy conversion. D)radioactivity. E)none of these

nuclear fusion.

To say a chemical equation is balanced means the A) coefficients on both sides of the reaction add up to the same number. B) number of times each element appears as a reactant is equal to the number of times it appears as a product. C) subscripts on both sides of the reaction add up to the same number. D) number of molecules of reactants and products are equal.

number of times each element appears as a reactant is equal to the number of times it appears as a product.

Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. of nuclear forces. of gravitational forces. of electrical forces. none of these.

of electrical forces.

A solid is not considered fluid because A) its atoms or molecules are under too much pressure. B) of the heavy nature of its atoms or molecules. C) of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or molecules. D) its atoms or molecules are bound as close together as possible.

of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or molecules.

During a chemical reaction

old atoms stick around merely switching partners.

The half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains? A) one-quarter B) none C) one-half D) one-eighth E) none of these

one-eighth

The half-life of an isotope is one day. At the end of two days the amount that remains is

one-quarter.

A nucleon has more mass when it is

outside the nucleus

If a baseball were the size of Earth, about how large would its atoms be

ping pong ball

When neptunium emits a beta particle, the result is? a)lead. b)uranium. c)hydrogen. d)plutonium. e)a different isotope of neptunium.

plutonium

the weight of matter comes mostly from its neutrons protons electrons

protons

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

protons.

The high temperature of the Earth's interior is due mostly to A) great internal pressure. B) the Earth's natural heat. C) radioactivity. D) friction as plates move past one another.

radioactive decay

Brownian motion has to do with the size of atoms. atomic vibrations. first direct measurement of atomic motion. random motions of atoms and molecules. rhythmic movements of Brownians.

random motions of atoms and molecules.

Does the periodic table explain the shell model, or does the shell model explain the periodic table?

shell model explains the periodic table

Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from

the natural environment.

What makes an element distinct?

the number of protons

compared to the atom that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age

3)There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of A)a large auditorium. B)a large city. C)the United States. D)the whole world. E)none of these

the whole world.

)How many different elements are in a water molecule? A)one B)two C)three D)four E)none

two

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus ? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the most mass? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the most mass? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium E)All have the same mass.

uranium

Which electrons are most responsible for the properties of an atom?

valence

a sample of radioactive material would be

warm

Why do we say atomic spectra are like fingerprints of the elements?

you can id the elemants