Physics Chapter 1 test 1

When we see a half Moon in the sky, the lines between Earth, Moon, and Sun a.form a right triangle. b.are equal in length. c.are parallel to one another. d.all of the above

a.form a right triangle.

An educated scientific guess is a a.hypothesis. b.theory. c.either of these d.neither of these

a.hypothesis.

Science, art, and religion normally need not contradict one another because a.choosing the right one means no need to heed the other two. b.choosing religion and art means no need to heed science. c.all three involve different domains. d.choosing science means no need to heed religion and art.

c.all three involve different domains.

Technology is a tool for ______. a.solving social problems b.extending truth c.applying scientific discoveries d.making the measurements of science

c.applying scientific discoveries

Pseudoscience is best characterized as being a.an alternate view to be taken seriously. b.new age. c.fake. d.all of the above

c.fake.

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about a.religion. b.the arts. c.science. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

Distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory. a.A hypothesis is an educated guess, whereas a theory encompasses well tested and verified hypotheses. b.A hypothesis and a theory have both been tested and verified by experiment. c.A theory is an educated guess, whereas a hypothesis has been tested and verified by experiment. d.A hypothesis and a theory are both educated guesses.

a.A hypothesis is an educated guess, whereas a theory encompasses well tested and verified hypotheses.

The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes made measurements to show the size of _______. a.Earth b.all of these c.the Moon. d.the Sun

a.Earth

What is the role of equations in this book? a.Equations are interesting side notes about scientific concepts. b.Equations are guides to thinking and show connections between concepts. c.Equations will be derived to make you understand science. d.Equations are for plug-and-chug calculations.

b.Equations are guides to thinking and show connections between concepts.

The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific a.hypothesis. b.theory. c.fact. d.law or principle. e.none of the above

b.theory.

When the Sun was directly overhead in Syene, why wasn't it directly overhead in Alexandria? a.Syene is in a different time zone than Alexandria. b.gravity bends light. c.The Earth is a sphere. d.The Sun is a sphere.

c.The Earth is a sphere.

The scientific method is most effective in a.performing experiments. b.making hypotheses. c.discovering new things. d.gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge. e.making theories.

d.gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

What is the test for whether a hypothesis is scientific or not? a.A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it wrong. b.A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it right. c.A hypothesis is scientific if it can be written as an equation. d,A hypothesis is scientific if the appropriate scientific body says it is.

a.A hypothesis is scientific if it is possible to prove it wrong.

When a dishonest scientist reports false information, he or she a.gets no second chance in the scientific community. b.as in many other professions, will be excused by the scientific community. c.is elevated in the scientific community.

a.gets no second chance in the scientific community.

The most basic of the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology is a.physics. b.chemistry. c.biology. d.none of the above

a.physics.

For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it a.right. b.wrong. c.conclusively one way or the other.

b.wrong.

The distance between Earth and the Sun is about ____. a.150,000 m b.twice the distance to the Moon c.110 Sun diameters d.110 Moon diameters

c.110 Sun diameters

In daily life, we see many cases of people who are caught misrepresenting things and who soon thereafter are excused and accepted by their contemporaries. How is this different in science? a.A scientist who proposes a hypothesis that is eventually disproven is never allowed to be a scientist again. b.A scientist who makes a mistake is never allowed to be a scientist again. c.A scientist who lies in a scientific publication will suffer professional excommunication. d.A scientist who disagrees with current theory is never allowed to be a scientist again.

c.A scientist who lies in a scientific publication will suffer professional excommunication.

. Why are students of the arts encouraged to learn about science and science students encouraged to learn about the arts? a.Scientists need to learn how to write and writers need to learn what is impossible to do according to science. b.Scientists need to relax by viewing art and artists need the discipline of learning science. c.Knowing both the arts and sciences makes for a wholeness in the way we view the world. d.Scientists need to learn to draw and artists need to learn how to solve equations.

c.Knowing both the arts and sciences makes for a wholeness in the way we view the world.

How does the Moon's diameter compare with the distance between Earth and the Moon? a.The Moon's diameter is 1/2.5 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. b.The Moon's diameter is 1/3.5 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. c.The Moon's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Moon. d.The Moon's diameter is equal to the distance between Earth and the Moon.

c.The Moon's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Moon.

A theory in science is ______. a.forever true b.an educated guess c.a synthesis of well-tested ideas d.an agreement between trained investigators

c.a synthesis of well-tested ideas

Which of the following is a scientific statement? a.there are things we will never know about b.there are parts of the universe that will never be discovered by humans c.candy Bon Bons contain no sugar d.matter is filled with undetectable particles e.none of the above

c.candy Bon Bons contain no sugar

A scientific hypothesis deemed valid must have a test for proving it ______. a.correct b.more than one time c.wrong d.none of these

c.wrong

How does the Sun's diameter compare with the distance between Earth and the Sun? a,The Sun's diameter is 1/2.5 the distance between Earth and the Sun. b.The Sun's diameter is 1/3.5 the distance between Earth and the Sun. c.The Sun's diameter is equal to the distance between Earth and the Sun. d.The Sun's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Sun.

d.The Sun's diameter is 1/110 the distance between Earth and the Sun.

In daily life, people are often praised for maintaining some particular point of view, for the "courage of their convictions." A change of mind is seen as a sign of weakness. How is this different in science? a.Once a scientific law is discovered, it never changes, so you must change your mind to believe it. b.When a famous scientist restates a law, then the old law must be abandoned. c.Scientific laws are decided to be true by majority vote. d.When a scientist finds evidence that contradicts a law, then the law must be abandoned.

d.When a scientist finds evidence that contradicts a law, then the law must be abandoned.

Eratosthenes' measurements of Earth's size involved a.a pillar's shadow in Alexandria. b.a deep well in Syene. c.surveying the distance between Alexandria and Syene. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

Science is a body of knowledge that a.is an ongoing human activity. b.describes order in nature. c.condenses knowledge into testable laws. d.all of the above e.none of the above

d.all of the above

Technology is a tool that can a.be socially beneficial. b.lead to a better world. c.be socially harmful when abused. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

When the Sun shines on the Moon, the Moon casts a shadow a.that is tapered. b.at all times. c.that sometimes falls on Earth. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

A fact in science is ______. a.forever true b.an educated guess c.a synthesis of well-tested ideas d.an agreement between trained investigators

d.an agreement between trained investigators

Facts in the field of science a.mean very little. b.are absolute. c.are more important than theories. d.are changeable.

d.are changeable.

Science and technology are a.actually one and the same. b.responsible for all the bad in the world. c.responsible for all the good in the world. d.fundamentally different from each other.

d.fundamentally different from each other.

Which of the following involves passion, talent, and intelligence? a.music b.literature c.science d.art e.all of the above

e.all of the above