Physics Chapter 33

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Nuclear stability is related to the balance between

attracting and repelling forces in the nucleus

Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by

cosmic ray bombardment

When the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle the atom's atomic number

decreases

Which radiation has no association with electric charge?

gamma

Which of these is electromagnetic radiation

gamma radiation

Which will NOT bend when moving in a magnetic field

gamma ray

Rays with the shortest wavelengths have the

highest frequencies and energies

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

increases by 1

What is the basic description of radioactivity

it involves the decay of the atomic nucleus

What thickness of solid lead is needed to stop half the flow of neutrinos

lead thickness would be about 8 light years

Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter originates from

natural environment

Carbon-14 in the atmosphere is transformed from _________.

nitrogen

For 1 gram of radioactive material that has a half-life of one year, after 4 years the original radioactive material left will be

none of the above (1/16)

Cosmic radiation, nuclear power plants, air, and diagnostic X-rays are all sources of radiation. Organize them from lower to higher level of annual exposure

nuclear power plants, cosmic radiation, diagnostic X-rays, air

Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

organic material

Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

Radiation dosages based on potential damage is in

rems

What causes a larger nucleus to be generally less stab,e than a smaller nucleus

the electric force of repulsion between protons is a long range force while the attractive strong nuclear force is shirt range. Repulsion wins for larger nuclei

X-rays are emitted by way of

transitions within an atom's innermost electrons

The radioactive half life of a material is the time for

(both of these) its decay rate to reduce to half; half of an original quantity of the material to decay


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