Physics Conceptual
10) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its potential energy is a maximum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above
A
13) Doubling only the spring constant of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases he energy by a factor of four D) produces no change
A
14) Increasing the spring constant k of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no change in the system's mass m.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency increases if the ratio k/m is greater than or equal to 1 and decreases if the ratio k/m is less than 1.
A
15) A 4.0-kg object is attached to a spring of spring constant 10 N/m. The object is displaced by 5.0 cm from the equilibrium position and let go. What is the frequency of vibration? A) 0.25 Hz B) 0.50 Hz C) 1.0 Hz D) 2.0 Hz
A
16) A 2.0-kg mass is hung from a spring of spring constant 18 N/m, displaced slightly from its equilibrium position, and released. What is the frequency of its vibration? A) 0.48 Hz B) 0.95 Hz C) 1.5 Hz D) none of the above
A
20) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and released from rest. Calculate the total energy of the system. A) 0.0074 J B) 0.015 J C) 0.022 J D) 0.030 J
A
29) A wave moves on a string with wavelength λ and frequency f. A second wave on the same string has wavelength 2λ and travels with the same velocity. What is the frequency of the second wave? A) 0.5f B) f C) 2f D) It cannot be determined from the information given.
A
3) For vibrational motion, the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.
A
31) In seismology, the P wave is a longitudinal wave. As a P wave travels through the Earth, the relative motion between the P wave and the particles is A) parallel. B) perpendicular. C) first parallel, then perpendicular. D) first perpendicular, then parallel.
A
33) Two wave pulses with equal positive amplitudes pass each other on a string, one is traveling toward the right and the other toward the left. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time A) constructive interference occurs. B) destructive interference occurs. C) a standing wave is produced. D) a traveling wave is produced.
A
4) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the frequency of oscillation? A) 0.50 Hz B) 1.0 Hz C) 1.5 Hz D) 2.0 Hz
A
5) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass passes through the equilibrium position, its instantaneous velocity A) is maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given.
A
6) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass is at maximum displacement from equilibrium, its instantaneous acceleration A) is a maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given
A
6) A mass vibrates back and forth from the free end of an ideal spring of spring constant 20 N/m with an amplitude of 0.30 m. What is the kinetic energy of this vibrating mass when it is 0.30 m from its equilibrium position? A) zero B) 0.90 J C) 0.45 J D) It is impossible to give an answer without knowing the object's mass.
A
7) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its kinetic energy is a minimum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above
A
14) A 4.0-kg object is attached to a spring of spring constant 10 N/m. The object is displaced by 5.0 cm from the equilibrium position and let go. What is the period of vibration? A) 2.0 s B) 4.0 s C) 8.0 s D) 16 s
B
15) Increasing the mass M of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no change in the system's spring constant k.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency increases if the ratio k/m is greater than or equal to 1 and decreases if the ratio k/m is less than 1.
B
19) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and released from rest. Calculate the period of oscillation. A) 0.14 s B) 0.28 s C) 0.020 s D) 0.078 s
B
19) When the mass of a simple pendulum is tripled, the time required for one complete vibration A) increases by a factor of 3. B) does not change. C) decreases to one-third of its original value. D) decreases to 1/√3 of its original value.
B
2) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the amplitude? A) 0.030 m B) 0.083 m C) 0.30 m D) 0.83 m
B
20) Both pendulum A and B are 3.0 m long. The period of A is T. Pendulum A is twice as heavy as pendulum B. What is the period of B? A) 0.71T B) T C) 1.4T D) 2T
B
21) A pendulum has a period of 2.0 s on Earth. What is its length? A) 2.0 m B) 1.0 m C) 0.70 m D) 0.50 m
B
22) The pendulum of a grandfather clock is 1.0 m long. What is its period on the Earth? A) 1.0 s B) 2.0 s C) 4.0 s D) 8.0 s
B
22) What happens to a simple pendulum's frequency if both its length and mass are increased? A) It increases. B) It decreases. C) It remains constant. D) It could remain constant, increase, or decrease; it depends on the length to mass ratio.
B
23) If you take a given pendulum to the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is less than on Earth, the resonant frequency of the pendulum will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not change. D) either increase or decrease; it depends on its length to mass ratio.
B
26) The number of crests of a wave passing a point per unit time is called the wave's A) speed. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) amplitude.
B
27) What is the frequency of a wave which has a period of 6.00 ms? A) 16.7 Hz B) 167 Hz C) 1.67 kHz D) 16.7 kHz
B
28) What is the period of a wave with a frequency of 1500 Hz? A) 0.67 μs B) 0.67 ms C) 0.67 s D) 6.7 s
B
30) In seismology, the S wave is a transverse wave. As an S wave travels through the Earth, the relative motion between the S wave and the particles is A) parallel. B) perpendicular. C) first parallel, then perpendicular. D) first perpendicular, then parallel.
B
34) Two wave pulses pass each other on a string. The one traveling toward the right has a positive amplitude, while the one traveling toward the left has an equal amplitude in the negative direction. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time A) constructive interference occurs. B) destructive interference occurs. C) a standing wave is produced. D) a traveling wave is produced.
B
35) Resonance in a system, such as a string fixed at both ends, occurs when A) it is oscillating in simple harmonic motion. B) its frequency is the same as the frequency of an external source. C) its frequency is greater than the frequency of an external source. D) its frequency is smaller than the frequency of an external source.
B
5) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. It goes through 10 complete oscillations in 5.0 s. What is the period? A) 0.020 s B) 0.50 s C) 2.0 s D) 50 s
B
7) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. What is the total energy of the system? A) 0.27 J B) 0.56 J C) 0.65 J D) 1.1 J
B
8) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its kinetic energy is a maximum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above
B
9) A mass is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the mass located when its potential energy is a minimum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-fourth of the way between A and B D) none of the above
B
11) A 2.0-kg mass is attached to the end of a horizontal spring of spring constant 50 N/m and set into simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.10 m. What is the total mechanical energy of this system? A) 0.020 J B) 25 J C) 0.25 J D) 1.0 J
C
11) Doubling only the amplitude of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases the energy by a factor of four D) produces no change
C
12) A 2.0-kg mass is attached to the end of a horizontal spring of spring constant 50 N/m and set into simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.10 m. What is the total mechanical energy of this system? A) 0.020 J B) 25 J C) 0.25 J D) 1.0 J
C
13) A mass vibrates back and forth from the free end of an ideal spring of spring constant 20.0 N/m with an amplitude of 0.250 m. What is the maximum kinetic energy of this vibrating mass? A) 2.50 J B) 1.25 J C) 0.625 J D) It is impossible to give an answer since kinetic energy cannot be determined without knowing the object's mass.
C
16) Increasing the amplitude of a mass-and-spring system causes what kind of change in the resonant frequency of the system? (Assume no other changes in the system.) A) The frequency increases. B) The frequency decreases. C) There is no change in the frequency. D) The frequency depends on the displacement, not the amplitude.
C
17) A mass m hanging on a spring has a natural frequency f. If the mass is increased to 4m, what is the new natural frequency? A) 4f B) 2f C) 0.5f D) 0.25f
C
18) A simple pendulum consists of a mass M attached to a weightless string of length L. For this system, when undergoing small oscillations A) the frequency is proportional to the amplitude. B) the period is proportional to the amplitude. C) the frequency is independent of the mass M. D) the frequency is independent of the length L.
C
18) Two masses, A and B, are attached to different springs. Mass A vibrates with amplitude of 8.0 cm at a frequency of 10 Hz and mass B vibrates with amplitude of 5.0 cm at a frequency of 16 Hz. How does the maximum speed of A compare to the maximum speed of B? A) Mass A has the greater maximum speed. B) Mass B has the greater maximum speed. C) They are equal. D) There is not enough information to determine.
C
2) For a periodic process, the number of cycles per unit time is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.
C
21) When the length of a simple pendulum is tripled, the time for one complete vibration increases by a factor of A) 3. B) 2. C) 1.7. D) 1.4.
C
23) The pendulum of a grandfather clock is 1.0 m long. What is its period on the Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1.7 m/s2? A) 1.2 s B) 2.4 s C) 4.8 s D) 23 s
C
25) The distance between successive crests on a wave is called the wave's A) speed. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) amplitude.
C
28) The frequency of a wave increases. What happens to the distance between successive crests if the speed remains constant? A) It increases. B) It remains the same. C) It decreases. D) It cannot be determined from the information given.
C
31) What is the frequency of a 2.5 m wave traveling at 1400 m/s? A) 178 Hz B) 1.78 kHz C) 560 Hz D) 5.6 kHz
C
32) A wave pulse traveling to the right along a thin cord reaches a discontinuity where the rope becomes thicker and heavier. What is the orientation of the reflected and transmitted pulses? A) Both are right side up. B) The reflected pulse returns right side up while the transmitted pulse is inverted. C) The reflected pulse returns inverted while the transmitted pulse is right side up. D) Both are inverted.
C
32) If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, which one of the following frequencies can set the string into resonant vibration? A) 250 Hz B) 750 Hz C) 1500 Hz D) 1750 Hz
C
4) A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity A) is maximum. B) is less than maximum, but not zero. C) is zero. D) cannot be determined from the information given.
C
8) A mass undergoes SHM with amplitude of 4 cm. The energy is 8.0 J at this time. The mass is cut in half, and the system is again set in motion with amplitude 4.0 cm. What is the energy of the system now? A) 2.0 J B) 4.0 J C) 8.0 J D) 16 J
C
9) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. What is the amplitude of vibration? A) 0.024 m B) 0.058 m C) 0.24 m D) 0.58 m
C
1) The time for one cycle of a periodic process is called the A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) frequency. D) period.
D
1) What is the spring constant of a spring that stretches 2.00 cm when a mass of 0.600 kg is suspended from it? A) 0.300 N/m B) 30.0 N/m C) 2.94 N/m D) 294 N/m
D
10) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. At what location are the kinetic energy and the potential energy the same? A) 0.017 m B) 0.029 m C) 0.12 m D) 0.17 m
D
12) Doubling only the mass of a vibrating mass-and-spring system produces what effect on the system's mechanical energy? A) increases the energy by a factor of two B) increases the energy by a factor of three C) increases the energy by a factor of four D) produces no change
D
17) A mass is attached to a spring. It oscillates at a frequency of 1.27 Hz when displaced a distance of 2.0 cm from equilibrium and released. What is the maximum velocity attained by the mass? A) 0.02 m/s B) 0.04 m/s C) 0.08 m/s D) 0.16 m/s
D
24) In a wave, the maximum displacement of points of the wave from equilibrium is called the wave's A) speed. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) amplitude.
D
29) What is the wave speed if a wave has a frequency of 12 Hz and a wavelength of 3.0 m? A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.0 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 36 m/s
D
3) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is oscillating. What is the period of oscillation? A) 0.50 s B) 1.0 s C) 1.5 s D) 2.0 s
D
30) What is the velocity of a wave that has a wavelength of 3.0 m and a frequency of 12 Hz? A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.0 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 36 m/s
D
27) For a wave, the frequency times the wavelength is the wave's A) speed. B) amplitude. C) intensity. D) power.
S