physics final exam

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The work done by static friction can be

any of the above

Three forces, 14.0 N, 25.0 N, and 20.0 N, are acting on a 9.6-kg object. Which of the following forces could also be acting on the object if it is moving with constant velocity?

any of the above

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 28.0% and its power output is 540 W, what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?

1930W

On an average diet, the consumption of 10.6 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.50 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed.)

199kJ

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 1.1-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 ×1011 N/m2) by 2.0%?

3.8E+3

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50.0-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.48 and 0.76 kg from the 10-cm and 80-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.25 kg to keep the stick balanced?

35.6 cm

An 880-MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 20.0%. It loses its waste heat in large cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to the atmosphere per second?

3520 MJ

By how much is the energy stored in a Hooke's law spring increased when its stretch is increased from 7.00 cm to 15.00 cm?

359%

A speed boat requires 85.0 kW to move at a constant speed of 14.0 m/s. What is the resistive force of the water at this speed?

6070 N

A 2 500-kg car is moving at 2.30 m/s. How fast must a 1.5-kg toy car be moving so that the two have the same kinetic energy?

93.9 m/s

A suitcase is sitting on a horizontal conveyor belt, which is moving at speed v. The work done by the frictional force on the suitcase is

positive

A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of the following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10−3 N⋅s/m.

streamlined

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and

stress

The PV diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area. The work done by the heat engine, represented by the enclosed area, is positive when the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?

clockwise

Which of the following best describes a sound level of intensity 1 W/m2?

extremely loud

A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second stationary identical ball. After the collision which of the following conditions applies to the first ball?

comes to rest

What happens to a given mass of water as it is cooled from 4°C to zero?

expands

Comparing the speed of sound in liquids, gases, and solids, the speed of sound is usually lowest in ____ and highest in ____.

gases, solids

In the relationship ΔP ∝ ΔT , what scale is used for temperature?

kelvin

The SI base units for the spring constant are which of the following?

kg/s^2

The speed of a boat is often given in knots. If a speed of 5 knots were expressed in the SI system of units, the units would be:

m/s

A model rocket sits on the launch pad until its fuel is ignited, blasting the rocket upward. During the short time of blast-off, as the ignited fuel goes down, the rocket goes up because:

of none of the above reasons

A pendulum on the Earth has a period T. The acceleration of due to gravity on Mars is less than that on the Earth, and the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is even less. Where would the period of an identical pendulum be the least?

on the earth

An interval of one Celsius degree is equivalent to an interval of:

one kelvin

In one-dimensional motion where the direction is indicated by a plus or minus sign, the average velocity of an object has which of the following properties?

It can be positive, negative, or zero

Which expression is dimensionally consistent with an expression that would yield a value for time−1? (v is velocity, x is distance, and t is time)

v/x

A block on a level, frictionless surface and connected to a spring undergoes simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. At x = 0, which relationship is correct?

v= vmax

An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KER. Its angular momentum is:

(2 IKER)1/2

A system of 3 masses is located as follows: m1 = m0 at (0, L), m2 = 2m0 at the origin, and m3 = 3m0 at (3L, 0). Where is the center of mass of these masses?

(3/2L,1/6L)

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.5 liters to 6.3 liters. If the initial pressure is P0, what is the final pressure?

0.21 Po

A satellite is held in orbit by a 1 000-N gravitational force. Each time the satellite completes an orbit of circumference 80 000 km, the work done on it by gravity is:

Consider two identical and symmetrical wave pulses on a string. Suppose the first pulse reaches the fixed end of the string and is reflected back and then meets the second pulse. When the two pulses overlap exactly, the superposition principle predicts that the amplitude of the resultant pulses, at that moment, will be what factor times the amplitude of one of the original pulses?

The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values?

What is the phase difference when two waves, traveling in the same medium, undergo constructive interference?

A uniform pressure of 5.7 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010N/m2)

0.00041%

A cube of material with emissivity of 0.4 is heated from room temperature of 20°C to 100°C. The net power radiated by the cube is 20 W. What is the volume of the cube? (σ = 5.6696 × 10-8 W/m2·K4

0.0014

A 0.30-kg object is oscillating on a spring with a spring constant of k = 22.0 N/m. What is the potential energy of the system when the object displacement is 0.035 m, exactly half the maximum amplitude?

0.013 J

A 0.150-m-radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 12.00 rad/s in 7.80 s. What is the average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge?

0.231

A cart of weight 15.0 N is accelerated across a level surface at 0.15 m/s2. What net force acts on the wagon? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

0.23N

Suppose a 0.45-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.10 m has elastic potential energy of 1.50 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun fire the mass if the gun is fired straight up?

0.24 m

Starting from rest, a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of time T. At what time after the start of rotation does the wheel reach an angular speed equal to its average angular speed for this interval?

0.50 T

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s2. What is its angular speed at the instant it goes through an angular displacement of 7.00 rad?

0.592 rad/s

System 1 is 4.20 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume as it undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 4.20 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at constant volume as it also undergoes a temperature increase. The thermal energy absorbed by System 1 is Q1, and the thermal energy absorbed by System 2 is Q2 as both systems undergo a temperature increase of 76.0 K. What is the ratio Q1/Q2?

0.600

A ball is rolled horizontally off a table with an initial speed of 0.24 m/s. A stopwatch measures the ball's trajectory time from table to the floor to be 0.36 s. What is the height of the table? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

0.64m

If two adjacent frequencies of an organ pipe closed at one end are 385 Hz and 578 Hz, what is the length of the organ pipe? (vsound = 340 m/s)

0.88m

Triple both the tension in a guitar string and its mass per unit length will result in changing the wave speed in the string by what factor?

1 , no change

Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?

1.0

A 2.5-m-long organ pipe is open at one end and closed at the other. Its fundamental tone has wavelength

What is the minimum diameter of a steel wire if it is to support a mass of 80 kg? The elastic limit of steel is 5.0 × 108 Pa.

1.4 mm

Six moles of an ideal gas, initially at 190 °C, is compressed at a constant pressure of 2.00 atm to one-third its initial volume. What is the work done on the gas during the compression?

1.5E+4J

A substance is allowed to diffuse along a 10-cm length of tubing filled with water. The cross section of the tube is 5.3 cm2. If the diffusion coefficient is 5.0 × 10¯10m2/s, and 6.5 × 10¯14 kg is transported along the tube in 16 s, what is the difference in the concentration levels of the substance at the two ends of the tube?

1.5E-3 kg/m^3

The flow rate of a liquid through a 4.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0080 m3/s. The average fluid speed in the pipe is

1.6 m/s

What is the distance between the two polar coordinates (2.0, 30°) and (9.0, 145°)?

10.0

A boat with mass of 1 200 kg is traveling at 12 m/s. What is the magnitude of the force required to stop the boat if it undergoes a displacement of 85 m?

1000N

How many calories are equal to four BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1 054 J.)

1007

If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 512 Hz, what is the frequency of its first overtone?

1020 Hz

The SI units for viscosity are N·s/m2. Another commonly used unit for viscosity is the poise, where 10 poise = 1 N·s/m2. The poise is a fairly large unit, and it is more common to use the centipoise. Which of the following is equal to the centipoise?

10^-3

A large spring requires a force of 130 N to compress it only 0.01 m. What is the spring constant of the spring?

13000

An object at 30.0°C has its temperature increased to 41.0°C. The power then radiated by this object increases by how many percent?

15.3

An object weighs 300 N. If the gravitational constant G were half of what it is currently, what would the weight of the object be?

150 N

A system has an increase in internal energy of 60 J while 90 J was removed from the system by heat. How much work was involved during this process and was it done on the system or done on its environment?

150J on the system

Carly places one end of a steel bar in a Bunsen flame and the other end in an ice cube. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the bar's cross-sectional area is doubled?

If you roll a pair of dice, what is the total number of ways in which you can obtain a 3?

The distance from the center of a Ferris wheel to a passenger seat is 12 m. What centripetal acceleration does a passenger experience when the wheel's angular speed is 0.50 rad/s?

2.0 m/s^2

How much air must be pushed downward at 40.0 m/s to keep an 830-kg helicopter aloft?

203 kg/s

If a radio wave has speed 3.00 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.3 MHz, what is its wavelength?

3.18

A circle has an area of 3.0 m2. A second circle has double the radius of the first. The area of the second circle is ____ times that of the first.

4.0

Calories of the food type are equal to which of the following?

4186 J

For a wave traveling in a string, by what factor would the tension need to be increased to quadruple the wave speed?

4^2

A standing wave is set up in a 200-cm string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in 8 distinct segments when driven by a 120-Hz source. What is the wavelength?

50 cm

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 ×106 m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 105 N/m2.)

5x10^18

By what amount does the sound intensity decrease when the distance to the source doubles?

6.0 dB

What is the change in entropy (ΔS) when one mole of silver (101 g) is completely melted at 961°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 104 J/kg.)

7.22 J/K

A person consumes 2 200 kcal/day while expending 3 200 kcal/day. In a month's time, about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound.)

7.3 pounds

A Hooke's law spring is compressed 12.0 cm from equilibrium and the potential energy stored is 52.0 J. What is the spring constant in this case?

7220 N/m

A mover pushes a box of mass m = 56.0 kg along a horizontal floor a distance d = 2.50 m. The constant force exerted on the box by the mover makes an angle of 27.0° directed below the horizontal. Assume the floor is frictionless. If the work done by the mover is W = 200 J, what is the force exerted by the mover?

89.8 N

The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick. Estimate the pressure underneath the ice. (The density of ice is 918 kg/m3.)

9.0 × 106 Pa (90 atm)

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

Cp/Cv

When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in this region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent?

In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region resulting in a decreased pressure.

Arrange from smallest to largest: the BTU, the joule, and the calorie.

J, cal, BTU

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to

ML-1T-2

The dimensional equivalence of the quantity "momentum" in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is:

MLT -1

The dimensional equivalent of the quantity impulse in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is which of the following?

MLT-1

An object of mass m is on the surface of the Earth. The distance to the Sun and the Moon are dS and dM, and the masses of the Sun and Moon are MS and MM. What is the ratio of the gravitational force from the Sun to that of the Moon on the object?

MSd2M /MMd2M

For a quantity of ideal gas, which of the following is constant?

PV/T

In an automobile collision, how does an airbag lessen the blow to the passenger? Assume as a result of the collision, the passenger stops

The stopping impulse is the same for either the hard objects or the airbag. Unlike the windshield or dashboard, the air bag increases the time for the slowing process and thus decreases the average force on the passenger.

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1st law of thermodynamics, which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

U/t

Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?

a Carnot engine

A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.8 × 103kg/m3, which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container now?

a pressure < P

A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If the container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom pressure results?

a pressure < P

Which of the processes on a monatomic ideal gas given below will result in the temperature of the gas increasing? W is the work done by the gas.

a process where Q=2W

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?

a refrigerator that is running

A relatively new medical device that uses ultrasonics is referred to by the acronym CUSA. What does the letter A stand for?

aspirator

A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 33.4 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at 38.9 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 50.6 cm/s, and the second ball stops. In what final direction does the first ball move?

at an angle of 49.4° ccw from the x-direction

Jeff throws a ball straight up. For which situation is the vertical velocity zero?

at the top

The value 1.38 × 10−23 J/K is known as:

boltzmann's constant

Two one-liter containers each contain 10 moles of a gas. The temperature is the same in both containers. Container A holds helium (molecular mass = 4 u), and Container B holds oxygen (molecular mass = 16 u). Which container has the higher pressure and by what factor?

both containers have the same pressure

The maximum theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of a heat engine operating between hot and cold reservoirs is a function of which of the following?

both hot and cold reservoir temperatures

Standing waves can result from _____ waves.

both longitudinal & transverse

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?

cannot be completely converted to work

When a sine wave is used to represent a sound wave, the crest corresponds to

condensation

The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through the wall by what process?

conduction

In a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system the x-component of a given vector is equal to that vector's magnitude multiplied by which trigonometric function, with respect to the angle between vector and x-axis?

cosine

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

disorder

Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod with

elections that are freer to move from atom to atom

In typical calorimetry problems, what is the usual conservation law being used?

energy

Which is the correct expression for the force of static friction, where n is the normal force?

fs ≤ μsn

In cloud formation, water vapor turns into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

gets warmer

The maximum possible value for the coefficient of static friction is:

greater than 1.00

Which of the following best describes the property of the period of orbital revolution for an Earth satellite?

greater when the orbital radius is larger

A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass mvertically to a height h above its starting position. Under the same compression d, the spring is now used to launch a mass of 2m. How high does this second mass rise?

h/2

A 5-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with a 4-kg object moving to the left at 5 m/s. The objects collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object:

has no kinetic energy

Evaporation cools the liquid that is left behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation

have greater than average speed

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

having the rod absorb heat

Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature. Container One holds "dry" air--a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Container Two holds "moist" air. The "moist" air has the same ratio of nitrogen to oxygen molecules, but also contains water vapor. According to the ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas in Container One will be

heavier than the gas inside the second container

If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the following will not promote the rate of heat flow from burner to food?

increase pan bottom thickness

Which of the following ranges corresponds to the longest wavelengths?

infrasonic

A wheel is rotated about a horizontal axle at a constant angular speed. Next it is rotated in the opposite direction with the same angular speed. The acceleration at a point on the top of the wheel in the second case as compared to the acceleration in the first case:

is in the same direction

As I slide a box at constant speed up a frictionless slope, pulling parallel to the slope, the tension in the rope will be:

less than the weight of the box

As a gust of wind blows across a field of grain, a wave can be seen to move across the field as the tops of the plants sway back and forth. This wave is a:

longitudinal wave

The specific heat at constant volume per mole of 3R/2 is for what type of molecule?

monatomic

If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will change by what factor?

nine

An adiabatic expansion refers to the fact that

no heat is transferred between a system and its surroundings

Two masses collide and stick together. Before the collision one of the masses was at rest. Is there a situation in which the kinetic energy is conserved in such a collision?

no! kinetic energy is always lost is such a collision

Object 1 has twice the mass of Object 2. Each of the objects has the same magnitude of momentum. Which of the following statements is true?

one object has twice the kinetic energy of the other

Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis, neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular accelerations of the point.

only the angular acceleration is 0

Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's location in a conservative force field?

potential

Which of the first units given below can be units for angular acceleration while the second units can be units for angular velocity?

rad/s2, deg/hour

A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire?

shear modulus

If heat is flowing from a table to a block of ice moving across the table, which of the following must be true?

the ice is cooler than the table

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change), which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

the negative of its heat intake

In order to train for a high-g environment, an astronaut is placed in a centrifuge of radius several meters and rotated in a horizontal circle at constant speed. In this situation, in which direction is the net force on the astronaut?

the net force is horizontal toward the center of the circle

As a car goes up a hill, there is a force of friction between the road and the tires rolling on the road. The maximum force of friction is equal to:

the normal force of the road times the coefficient of static friction

Three different-mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles of elevation. Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy. Which particle has the greatest kinetic energy just as it impacts with the ground?

the one with the highest mass

Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?

the pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface

Which best describes a system made up of ice, water and steam existing together?

triple point

Is it possible for the total mechanical energy of a moving particle to be negative?

yes

A box slides up an incline with an angle of elevation θ. When the box reaches its maximum distance up the incline it stops and does not slide down the incline due to friction. What is the minimum value of the coefficient of static friction for this to occur?

μs = tanθ

How many significant figures does the number 3 600 have?

One cannot tell with certainty when the number is written in the given form, but it will be one of the other given answers.

On planet Z, the standard unit of length is the foose. Ann the Astronaut is 5.2 feet tall on Earth. She lands on planet Z and is measured to be 88 foosi tall. Her partner Rachael is 92 foosi tall. How tall is Rachael on Earth?

5.4 feet

One mole of ammonia (NH3) has a mass of 17.0 g, and one mole is equal to 6.02 × 1023 molecules. How many hydrogen (H) atoms are in 55.0 g of ammonia? Note that each molecule of ammonia has 3 hydrogen atoms.

5.84E+24

A mosquito flies diagonally from a corner at the floor of a rectangular room, with coordinates (0, 0, 0) to the opposite corner at the ceiling, with coordinates (5.5, 3.75, h) m at a rate of 0.8 m/s. If it takes the mosquito 11 seconds to make the direct flight, what is h?

5.8m

A jet airliner moving at 470 mph due east moves into a region where the wind is blowing at 110 mph in a direction 30.0°north of east. What is the new velocity and direction of the aircraft?

568 mph, 5.56° N of E

A drag racer starts from rest and accelerates at 8.0 m/s2 for the entire distance of 300 m. What is the velocity of the race car at the end of the run?

69m/s

Approximately how many water molecules are in a lake with a volume of 12 100 km3? A water molecule measures approximately 2.75 × 10¯10 m in length.

6E+41

A helicopter is traveling at 50.0 m/s at a constant altitude of 150 m over a level field. If a wheel falls off the helicopter, with what speed will it hit the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance negligible)

74 m/s

A railroad train travels forward along a straight track at 90.0 m/s for 1 000 m and then travels at 70.0 m/s for the next 1 000 m. What is the average velocity?

78.8m/s

A rifle is aimed horizontally toward the center of a target 120 m away. If the bullet strikes 11.2 cm below the center, what was the velocity of the bullet? (Ignore air friction.)

790 m/s

A triangle has sides of length 7 cm and 11 cm. If the triangle is a right triangle, which of the following could be the length of the third side, to the nearest centimeter?

8 cm

The basic function of an automobile's carburetor is to atomize the gasoline and mix it with air to promote rapid combustion. Assume that 30.0 cm3 of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets. Each droplet has a radius of 1.0 × 10−5 m. Find the total surface area of these N spherical droplets.

9.0E+4 cm^2

A taxicab moves five blocks due north, five blocks due east, and another three blocks due north. Assume all blocks are of equal size. How far is the taxi from its starting point?

9.4 blocks

Which point is nearest the x-axis?

(2.3)

Terrence goes for a walk. He walks 2.0 km north, then turns and walks 4.0 km south of east. What is his displacement vector? Take east to be in the +-direction and north to be in the +-direction.

(2.8 - 0.8 ) km

A mouse starts out in a corner of a room, and runs across the floor according to the following displacements: d1: 1.2 m + 0.4 m d2: 0.2 m - 0.8 m What is the magnitude of the total displacement of the mouse's position?

1.5m

A baseball is released at rest from the top of the Washington Monument. It hits the ground after falling for 5.85 s. What was the height from which the ball was dropped? (g = 9.80 m/s2 and assume air resistance is negligible)

1.68x10^2 m

A physics class in a large lecture hall has 150 students. The total mass of the students is about ____ kg.

10^4

Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when adding the following: 15.9 + 14 + 77.68 + 6.898?

114

Vector is 3.00 units in length and points along the positive xaxis; vector is 5.00 units in length and points along a direction 150° from the positive x axis. What is the direction of their sum with respect to the positive x axis?

118 degrees

An object moves at a constant velocity of 12 m/s to the southwest for an interval of 20 s. Halfway through this interval, what is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?

12 m/s

A jogger runs halfway around a circular path with a radius of 60.0 m. What, respectively, are the magnitude of the displacement and the distance jogged?

120m, 188m

An object moves at a constant velocity of 12 m/s to the southwest for an interval of 30 s. Halfway through this interval, what is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?

12m/s

Omar throws a rock down with speed 12.5 m/s from the top of a tower. The rock hits the ground after 1.50 s. What is the height of the tower? (air resistance is negligible)

30.0 m

A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 25.0 m/s. What maximum height will the rock reach before starting to fall downward? (Take acceleration due to gravity as 9.80 m/s2.)

31.9 m

Calculate (0.83 + 0.049)(4.4 × 103), keeping only significant figures.

3900

Maria throws two stones from the top edge of a building with a speed of 22 m/s. She throws one straight down and the other straight up. The first one hits the street in a time t1. How much later is it before the second stone hits?

4.5 s

A city uses 6.8 × 109 gallons of water every day. How many gallons per minute must be pumped from the reservoir to meet the city's water needs?

4.7E+6

The mass of a star is 8.0 × 1030 kg, and the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 × 10−27 kg. If we assume that the star is mostly composed of hydrogen, approximately how many atoms are there in the star?

4.8E+57 atoms

A river flows due east at 2.0 m/s. A boat crosses the 300-m-wide river by maintaining a constant velocity of 15 m/s due north relative to the water. If no correction is made for the current, how far downstream does the boat move by the time it reaches the far shore?

40m

A high fountain of water is in the center of a circular pool of water. You walk the circumference of the pool and measure it to be 190 meters. You then stand at the edge of the pool and use a protractor to gauge the angle of elevation of the top of the fountain. It is 55°. How high is the fountain?

43 m

Vectors , , and have magnitudes 6, 11, and 22. When these vectors are added, what is the least possible magnitude of their addition?

A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 above the level of interface between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the water is a distance h2 above the liquid-water interface on the right side. What is the density of the liquid in terms of the density of water ? Note that h2 < h1.

(h2/h1)pH2O

A 25.0-kg object sitting at rest is struck elastically in a head-on collision with a 20.5-kg object initially moving at +4.0 m/s. Find the final velocity of the 25.0-kg object after the collision.

+3.6m/s

A mass of 4.5 kg, resting on a horizontal frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a horizontal spring with spring constant 29 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with spring constant 60 N/m. If this system is moved from equilibrium, what is the effective spring constant?

+89

A 16-kg mass is placed on a 25° incline and friction keeps it from sliding. The coefficient of static friction in this case is 0.574 and the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.519. The mass is given a shove causing it to slide down the incline. Taking down the incline as positive, what is the acceleration of the mass while it is sliding?

-0.47 m/s^2

Two billiard balls have velocities of 4.0 m/s and -1.0 m/s when they meet in an elastic head-on collision. What is the final velocity of the first ball after collision?

-1

A horizontal force of 200 N is applied to a 55.0-kg cart across a 15.0-m level surface. If the cart accelerates at 2.0 m/s2, then what is the work done by the force of friction as it acts to retard the motion of the cart?

-1.4E+3J

A 22.3-g bullet moving at 1 000 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 100 m/s. What is the change in the kinetic energy of the bullet-block system as a result of the collision assuming the block is free to move?

-10.8kj

Carbon dioxide forms into a solid (dry ice) at approximately −157°F. What temperature in degrees Celsius does this correspond to?

-105

I take 2.0 kg of ice and dump it into 2.3 kg of water and, when equilibrium is reached, I have 4.3 kg of ice at 0°C. The water was originally at 0°C. The specific heat of water = 1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of ice = 0.500 kcal/kg⋅°C, and the latent heat of fusion of water is 80.0 kcal/kg. The original temperature of the ice was

-184 C

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 24 J of work on its environment. What is its change in internal energy?

-24J

A projectile is thrown horizontally at 11.5 m/s. The projectile hits the ground 0.570 s later. What is the angle of impact the projectile makes with the horizontal ground?

-25.9 degrees

A temperature of 100 K equals which of the following?

-279F

A 2.50-kg projectile is launched at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 100 m/s from the top of a building 40 m high. If the projectile is traveling 85.0 m/s at its maximum height of 47.0 m, how much work has been done on the projectile by air friction?

-3.3E+3 J

At what temperature is the same numerical value obtained in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

-40

Two identical 7-kg bowling balls roll toward each other. The one on the left is moving at +4 m/s while the one on the right is moving at −4 m/s. What is the velocity of each ball after they collide elastically?

-4m/s, +4m/s

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.51 m3 although its pressure remains constant at 52 000 Pa. What work is done on the system by its environment?

-5.7E +3

A horse pulls a 350-kg sled at constant speed along an icy road for a distance of 500 m. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the sled and the road is 0.450, and the angle between the harness and the sled is 25°, what is the mechanical energy lost due to friction?

-6.4E+5 J

The volume of a gas changes from 0.750 m3 to 0.320 m3 at a constant pressure of 1.5 × 105 Pa. How much work is done by the gas on its environment?

-6.5E+4J

A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 30.0 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at 40.0 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 50.0 cm/s, and the second ball stops. What is the change in kinetic energy of the system as a result of the collision?

The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has an area of 4.20 m2 and the boat's mass is 63.0 kg. When set afloat in water, how far below the water surface is the boat bottom? (water density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3)

0.0150 m

Water (density = 1.00 × 103 kg/m3) flows at 7.2 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.025 m. The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 2.00 m higher, and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the radius of the pipe on the second floor?

0.036m

In order to overcome a surface tension of a fluid, a force of 1.35 × 10−2 N is required to lift a wire ring of circumference 13.0 cm. What is the surface tension of the fluid?

0.052 N/m

A 0.200-kg aluminum plate, initially at 20°C, slides down a 13.0-m-long surface, inclined at a 25.0° angle to the horizontal. The force of kinetic friction exactly balances the component of gravity down the plane so that the plate, once started, glides down at constant velocity. If 90% of the mechanical energy of the system is absorbed by the aluminum, what is its temperature increase at the bottom of the incline? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C.)

0.0538

Two skaters, both of mass 75.0 kg, are on skates on a frictionless ice pond. One skater throws a 0.40-kg ball at 6.0 m/s to his friend, who catches it and throws it back at 6.0 m/s. When the first skater has caught the returned ball, what is the velocity of each of the two skaters?

0.063 m/s moving apart

The position of a 0.700-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160 m) cos (πt/16). What is its position at t = 5.80 s?

0.0670

Equal-wavelength waves of amplitude 0.27 m and 0.13 m interfere with one another. What is the resulting minimum amplitude that can result?

0.14 m

A horizontal force of 850 N is needed to overcome the force of static friction between a level floor and a 350-kg crate. If g = 9.8 m/s2, what is the coefficient of static friction?

0.248

A 1 000-kg vehicle is moving in the positive y-direction along the y-axis at 10 m/s. A 2 000-kg vehicle is moving in the positive x-direction at along the x-axis at 20 m/s. The vehicles collide and stick together. They move as a single object in a direction θ as measured counterclockwise from the x-axis immediately after the collision. What is the value of tan θ?

0.25

A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What force would be required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?

0.258

A simple pendulum has a mass of 0.202 kg and a length of 1.00 m. It is displaced through an angle of 31.4° and then released. After a time, the maximum angle of swing is only 10.0°. How much energy has been lost to friction?

0.260 J

Two springs, each with spring constant 33.0 N/m, are connected in parallel, and the combination is hung vertically from one end. A 18.0-N weight is then suspended from the other end of the combined spring. How far does the combined spring stretch as it comes to equilibrium?

0.273

0.273 m

A waterfall is 128 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls if all the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8 m/s2, cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

0.30

Two loudspeakers are placed next to each other and driven by the same source at 515 Hz. A listener is positioned in front of the two speakers and on the line separating them, thus creating a constructive interference at the listener's ear. What minimum distance would one of the speakers be moved back away from the listener to produce destructive interference at the listener's ear? (The speed of sound = 340 m/s.)

0.33

An ideal fluid, of density 850 kg/m3, flows at 0.560 kg/s through a pipe of radius 0.0250 m. What is the fluid speed?

0.336 m/s

A child sits on a swing supported by ropes of length 2.0 m. With what frequency will she need to apply the driving force to maintain swinging?

0.35 Hz

A 300-N sled is pulled up a 28° slope at a constant speed by a force of 250 N. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between sled and slope?

0.41

A 0.30-kg block rests on a frictionless level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned spring with a spring constant of 52.0 N/m. The block is initially displaced 3.20 cm from the equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the block when it passes through the equilibrium point?

0.421

An ideal fluid, of density 900 kg/m3, flows at 4.80 m/s through a level pipe with radius of 0.22 cm. The pressure in the fluid is 1.3 × 105 N/m2. This pipe connects to a second level pipe, with radius of 0.72 cm. Find the speed of flow in the second pipe.

0.45

I drop a 55-g golf ball from 2.50 m high. It rebounds to 1.65 m. How much energy is lost?

0.46 J

A 0.38-kg block rests on a level surface and is attached to a horizontally aligned spring with a spring constant of 55.0 N/m. The block is initially displaced 4.8 cm from the equilibrium point and then released to set up a simple harmonic motion. A frictional force of 0.50 N exists between the block and surface. What is the speed of the block when it passes through the equilibrium point after being released from the 4.8-cm displacement point?

0.46 m/s

A 5.25-g bullet is fired into a 360-g block of wood suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The combined mass swings up to a height of 8.75 cm. What was the magnitude of the momentum of the combined mass immediately after the collision?

0.478

A worker pulls a 350-N packing crate at constant velocity across a rough floor by exerting a force F = 200.0 N at an angle of 30.0° above the horizontal. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction of the floor?

0.693

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s, accelerates over a 7.0-s interval at a rate of 0.040 rad/s2. What is its angular speed after this 7.0-s interval?

0.78 rad/s

A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder having a radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is raised at a speed of 0.250 m/s?

0.80

A 75.0-kg swimmer dives horizontally off a 465-kg raft initially at rest. If the diver's speed immediately after leaving the raft is 5.00 m/s, what is the corresponding raft speed?

0.806 m/s

A 90-m-long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 90-m cable is 100 kg. If the tension in the cable is 25 000 N, what is the lowest frequency at which this cable can oscillate?

0.83 Hz

A model car is propelled by a cylinder of carbon dioxide gas. The cylinder emits gas at a rate of 5.00 g/s with an exit speed of 80.0 m/s. The car has a mass of 455 g, including the CO2 cylinder. Starting from rest, what is the car's initial acceleration?

0.879m/s^2

Dana uses a rope to pull a box that weighs 600 N across a level surface with constant velocity. The rope makes an angle of 40° above the horizontal and the tension in the rope is 400 N. What is the coefficient of friction?

0.89

The thermal conductivity of copper is 397 J/s⋅m⋅°C and of silver is 427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. A rod of each material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry and are used between the same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the ratio of the heat transferred by copper to the heat transferred by the silver?

0.930

A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.034 kg·m2 has a net torque of 0.11 N·m applied to it. If it starts from rest, what angular momentum will it have 9.0 s later?

0.99

The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at what temperature?

Consider a Carnot cycle starting at the state of highest pressure and smallest volume. Call the isothermal expansion that starts at this state step 1, the adiabatic expansion which follows step 2, the isothermal compression that then follows step 3, and the adiabatic compression which returns the system to the initial state step 4. In which step does the entropy of the system increase?

I stretch a rubber band and "plunk" it to make it vibrate in its fundamental frequency. I then stretch it to four times its length and make it vibrate in the fundamental frequency once again. The rubber band is made so that quadrupling its length quadruples the tension and reduces the mass per unit length by a factor of 4. The new frequency will be related to the old by a factor of

System 1 is 3.1 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.70 L as it undergoes a temperature increase. System 2 is 3.1 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.7 L as it undergoes a temperature increase equal to the temperature increase of System 1. The pressure increase for system 1 is ΔP1 and for System 2 is ΔP2 during the temperature increases. What is the ratio of ΔP1/ΔP2?

1.0

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1 500 kg slides a vertical distance of 190 m down a mountainside. If the temperature of the ice, snow, mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C, what is the change in entropy of the universe?

1.02E+4 j/k

Anika and Sam are astronauts floating in space outside their spaceship. They are tethered together by a rope of length 10.5 m. They both begin pulling on the rope at the same time. Anika has mass of 80 kg, and Sam 100 kg. Because her mass is less, Anika reaches the middle of the rope first. Assuming the center of the rope is at the origin and that Anika and Sam start at 5.25 m and -5.25 m, respectively, where is Sam when Anika reaches the middle?

1.05

A 2 500-kg ore car rolls 55.0 m down a frictionless 10.0° incline. If there is a horizontal spring at the end of the incline, what spring constant is required to stop the ore car in a distance of 2.10 m?

1.1E+5 kN/m

A woman who weighs 500 N stands on a 6.0-m-long board that weighs 100 N. The board is supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the support force at the left end. How far from the right end is the woman standing?

1.2

An automobile gas tank is filled to its capacity of 22.0 gallons with the gasoline at an initial temperature of 15.6°C. The automobile is parked in the Sun causing the gasoline's temperature to rise to 73.6°C. If the coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.60 × 10−4/C°, what volume runs out the overflow tube? Assume the change in volume of the tank is negligible.

1.22 gallons

How many moles of air must escape from a 15.0-m × 9.0-m × 6.0-m room when the temperature is raised from 10.0°C to 20.0°C? Assume the pressure remains unchanged at one atmosphere while the room is heated. (R = 8.31 J/mol⋅K)

1.2E+3 moles

A copper wire of length 5.0 m, cross sectional area 6.9 × 10−6 m2, and Young's modulus 11 × 1010 N/m2 has a 190-kg load hung on it. What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

1.2E-2

A runaway railroad car, with mass 45.0 × 104 kg, coasts across a level track at 3.80 m/s when it collides with a spring-loaded bumper at the end of the track. If the spring constant of the bumper is 3.80 × 106 N/m, what is the maximum compression of the spring during the collision? (Assume the collision is elastic.)

1.31 m

A cannon of mass 1 300 kg fires a 13.6-kg shell with a velocity of 180 m/s at an angle of 45° above the horizontal. Find the recoil velocity of the cannon across the level ground.

1.33 m/s

2.20 kilograms of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100°C is heated until all the water vaporizes. What is its change in entropy? (For water, Lv = 2.26 × 106J/kg)

1.33E+4

A 0.400-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10.0 N/m and moves with simple harmonic motion over a horizontal frictionless surface. At the instant that it is displaced from equilibrium by −0.0550 m, what is its acceleration?

1.38

Two cars, each of mass 2 200 kg and traveling at 14.0 m/s, undergo a head-on completely inelastic collision. What is the change in entropy of the Universe which results from this collision? Assume the ambient temperature is 20.0°C.

1.47E+3 J/K

A 5.00-g bullet is fired into a 950-g block of wood suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The combined mass swings up to a height of 8.00 cm. What was the kinetic energy of the bullet immediately before the collision?

1.4E+2J

The latent heat of vaporization of sweat is 2 430 kJ/kg at body temperature. Assuming that sweating is the only mechanism for dissipating heat, what would be the maximum sustainable metabolic rate if 75% of the energy used by the body goes into waste heat? The body can produce up to 1.5 kg of sweat per hour.

1.4E+3

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2.6 m3 and a pressure of 1.5 × 105Pa at a temperature of 300 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 900 K. The change in internal energy of the gas is +6.0 × 105 J. How much heat did the gas absorb?

1.4E+6J

The frequency separating audible waves and ultrasonic waves is considered to be 15.0 kHz. What wavelength in air at room temperature is associated with this frequency? (Assume the speed of sound to be 225 m/s.)

1.50 cm

A force of 130 N is applied to a 50-kg mass in the direction of motion for a distance of 6.0 m and then the force is increased to 170 N for the next 4.0 m. For the 10 m of travel, how much work is done by the varying force?

1.5E+3J

A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 82 N/m, is set into an up-and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through a point at 0.05 m displacement? The starting displacement of the mass is 0.10 m from its equilibrium position.

1.6 m/s

An unfueled 1 000-kg experimental rocket sled on level frictionless rails is loaded with 50 kg of propellant. It exhausts the propellant in a 20-s "burn." If the rocket, initially at rest, moves at 160 m/s after the burn, what impulse is experienced by the rocket sled?

1.6 × 105 kg·m/s

Jamal pulls a 250-N sled up a 29.0° slope at constant speed by a force of 200 N. Near the top of the hill he releases the sled. With what acceleration does the sled go down the hill?

1.66m/s^2

An ore car of mass 4 900 kg rolls downhill on tracks from a mine. At the end of the tracks, 13.5 m lower in elevation, is a spring with k = 410 000 N/m. How much is the spring compressed in stopping the ore car? Ignore friction.

1.78 m

If one-third of the members of a symphony orchestra are absent because of head colds, thus reducing the overall intensity of sound by 33%, what will be the reduction in the decibel level?

1.8

What is the internal energy of 50 moles of neon gas (molecular mass = 20 u) at 20.0°C? (R = 8.31 J/mol⋅K)

1.8E+5J

Alex throws a 0.25-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 4.5 m/s, and just after is 2.9 m/s. What is the change in the magnitude of the ball's momentum?

1.9 kg

A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 500 kg. The total area of the wings is 105 m2. What must be the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings to keep the airplane up?

1.91E+3 Pa

A slice of bread contains about 125 kcal. If specific heat of a person were 1.00 kcal/kg⋅°C, by how many °C would the temperature of a 65.0-kg person increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat?

1.92

A C note (f = 256 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is 1.8 m and its mass density is 2.2 g/m, what is the tension in the wire?

1.9E+3 N

A solid rock, suspended in air by a spring scale, has a measured mass of 8.50 kg. When the rock is submerged in water, the scale reads 4.00 kg. What is the density of the rock? (water density = 1 000 kg/m3)

1.9E+3 kg/m^3

If I quadruple the mass per unit length of guitar string, its natural frequency changes by what factor?

1/ sq root 4

If you quadruple the mass per unit length of a guitar string the wave speed in the string will change by what factor?

1/ sq root 4

A hoop with mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without slipping with a linear speed, v. What is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy? (For a hoop, I = MR2.)

1/1

An ideal fluid flows through a pipe made of two sections with diameters of 1.0 and 4.0 inches, respectively. The speed of the fluid flow through the 4.0-inch section will be what factor times that through the 1.0-inch section?

1/16

A cylinder with its mass concentrated toward the center has a moment of inertia of 0.2MR2. If this cylinder is rolling without slipping along a level surface with a linear speed v, what is the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its linear kinetic energy?

1/5

With molar quantity and temperature held constant, by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is five times bigger?

1/5

A non-uniform round object of mass M and radius R is found to have its total kinetic energy to be given by KE = Mv2 when rolling down an incline. What is this object's moment of inertia?

1/5MR^2

If I quadruple the mass per unit length of guitar string, its natural frequency changes by what factor?

1/sq root 4

A fountain sends water to a height of 113 m. What must be the pressurization (above atmospheric) of the underground water system? (1 atm = 105 N/m2)

11.1 atm

A miniature spring-loaded, radio-controlled gun is mounted on an air puck. The gun's bullet has a mass of 7.00 g, and the gun and puck have a combined mass of 150 g. With the system initially at rest, the radio controlled trigger releases the bullet causing the puck and empty gun to move with a speed of 0.530 m/s. What is the bullet's speed?

11.4m/s

An amount of work equal to 2.0 J is required to compress the spring in a spring-gun. What is the "launch speed" of a 26.0-g marble?

12.4 m/s

A sound source of frequency 1 100 Hz moves at 40.0 m/s toward a listener who is at rest. What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)

1250 Hz

13.0 g of water in a 3.25-L pressure vessel is heated to 480°C. What is the pressure inside the container? (R = 0.082 L⋅atm/mol⋅K, one mole of water has a mass of 18 grams)

13.7 atm

An athlete has a basal metabolic rate of 70.0 W. As she is working out, her metabolic rate increases by about 600 W. She eats one piece of buttered toast for breakfast, which has 145 Calories. She wants to work off the piece of toast. How long will it take if she works out?

13.7 min

A girl and her bicycle have a total mass of 42 kg. At the top of the hill her speed is 4.00 m/s. The hill is 14.3 m high and 112 m long. If the force of friction as she rides down the hill is 20 N, what is her speed at the bottom?

13.8 m/s

Popeye, of mass 75.0 kg, has just downed a can of spinach. He accelerates quickly and stops Bluto, of mass 650 kg (Bluto is very dense), who is charging in at 15.0 m/s. What was Popeye's speed?

130 m/s

During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 55.0 cal from the freezer compartment and expels 88.0 cal to the room. If one cycle occurs every 10 s, how many minutes will it take to freeze 575 g of water, initially at 0°C? (Lv = 80 cal/g)

139 min

A piece of copper of mass 110 g is being drilled through with a 1/2" electric drill. The drill operates at 25.0 W and takes 25.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy from the drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase in temperature. ccopper = 387 J/kg⋅°C.

14.7C

Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 50 cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 90 cm. At this moment, what is the resulting displacement above equilibrium?

140 cm

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa). What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

140,000N

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa). What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

140000N

A baseball outfielder throws a baseball of mass 0.36 kg at a speed of 34.0 m/s and initial angle of 30°. What is the kinetic energy of the baseball at the highest point of the trajectory? Ignore air friction.

156J

A pipe of diameter three cm is replaced by one of the same length but of diameter six cm. If the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe remains the same, by what factor is the rate of flow of a viscous liquid through it changed?

Waves propagate at 7.40 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up and down once every 2.25 s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the string?

16.7 m

A sled weighs 325 N. It is held in place on a frictionless 30.0° slope by a rope attached to a stake at the top; the rope is parallel to the slope. Find the tension in the rope.

163N

Three identical 4.0-kg cubes are placed on a horizontal frictionless surface in contact with one another. The cubes are lined up from left to right and a force is applied to the left side of the left cube causing all three cubes to accelerate to the right at 4.0 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on the right cube by the middle cube in this case?

16N

A soccer ball (mass = 0.43 kg) is moving at a speed of 20 m/s when it is kicked with a force of 300 N resulting in it going in the opposite direction with the same speed as before. What is the magnitude of the impulse delivered to the ball?

What is the lowest frequency that will resonate in an organ pipe 5.00 m in length, closed at one end? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.

17.0 Hz

A swimmer has a metabolic rate of 600 W. How many breaths per minute should the swimmer take if her lungs take in 0.50 L of air in each breath, and the percentage of oxygen in the air is 21%?

17.1

A 35.0-g cube of ice, initially at 0.0°C, is dropped into 180.0 g of water in an 70.0-g aluminum container, both initially at 35.0°C. What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Specific heat for aluminum is 900 J/kg⋅°C, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C, and Lf = 3.33 × 105 J/kg.)

17.6C

An iceberg breaks off from a glacier on the shore of the ocean with a loud cracking sound. A person on a ship hears the sound in the water 4.0 s before hearing the sound in the air. How far away is the ship? The ambient temperature is -5.0°C. The speed of sound in saltwater is 1 530 m/s.

1700 m

Rupel pushes a box 7.00 m by applying a 25.0-N horizontal force. What work does she do?

175J

Two blocks, joined by a string, have masses of 3.0 and 4.0 kg. They rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A second string, attached only to the 4.0-kg block, has horizontal force = 40 N applied to it. Both blocks accelerate. Find the tension in the string between the blocks.

17N

A 2 000-kg sailboat experiences an eastward force of 4 500 N by the ocean tide and a wind force against its sails with magnitude of 1 500 N directed toward the northwest (45° N of W). What is the direction of the resultant acceleration?

17° N of E

If the distance between a point sound source and a dB detector is increased by a factor of 8, what will be the reduction in intensity level?

18 dB

A 20.0-g bullet moving at 1 000 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 100 m/s. If the block had been originally at rest and is free to move, what is its resulting speed?

18 m/s

A man standing on frictionless ice throws a 1.00-kg mass at 29.0 m/s at an angle of elevation of 50.0°. What was the magnitude of the man's momentum immediately after throwing the mass?

18.6 kg*m/s

When water freezes, it expands about nine percent. What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 × 109 Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 × 105 Pa.)

1800 atm

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.20 Hz and an amplitude of 7.50 cm. If the mass of the object is 0.260 kg, what is the spring constant?

181 N/m

Two blocks of masses 30.0 kg and 8.0 kg are connected together by a light string and rest on a frictionless level surface. Attached to the 8.0-kg mass is another light string, which a person uses to pull both blocks horizontally. If the two-block system accelerates at 0.60 m/s2 what is the tension in the connecting string between the blocks?

18N

A ventilation fan with a moment of inertia of 0.0340 kg·m2 has a net torque of 0.110 Nm applied to it. If it starts from rest, what kinetic energy will it have 10.4 s later?

19.2

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.26 Hz and an amplitude of 3.00 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 3.00 cm when t = 0), what is the acceleration magnitude when t = 3.74 s?

19.6

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas. If 190 J of heat is added, what is the change in internal energy of the system?

190J

A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted about one end. Attached to the rod is a mass M at its midpoint and at the end opposite the pivot is another mass M. What is the moment of inertia of this configuration about the pivot?

19ML^2/12

The number 0.03 has how many significant figures?

A speaker designed to emit spherical sound waves is producing a sound intensity of 8 W/m2 at a distance of 1 m from the speaker. What would be the intensity of this sound at a distance of 2 m from the speaker?

2 W/m^2

An initially installed flywheel can store 106 J of kinetic energy when rotating at 300 rad/s. It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a stronger material. If its mass is the same as that of the original, and it is now capable of achieving a rotational speed of 425 rad/s, what maximum energy can be stored?

2.01E+6J

A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.140-kg ball using only the rotation of his forearm, 0.270 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and is released with a speed of 24.0 m/s in a time of 0.425 s, what torque is applied to the ball while being held by the pitcher's hand to produce the angular acceleration?

2.13

An object of mass 0.50 kg is transported to the surface of Planet X where the object's weight is measured to be 20 N. The radius of the planet is 6.0 × 106 m. What is the mass of Planet X? (G = 6.67 × 10−11 N ⋅ m2/kg2)

2.16E+25 kg

2.41 hours

Yuri, a Russian weightlifter, is able to lift 260 kg 2.10 m in 2.20 s. What is his power output?

2.43 kW

An earthquake emits both P-waves and S-waves that travel at different speeds through the Earth. A P-wave travels at 9 000 m/s and an S-wave at 4 000 m/s. If P-waves are received at a seismic station 34.0 s before an S-wave arrives, how far is the station from the earthquake center?

2.45E+5

A simple pendulum, 1.00 m in length, is released from rest when the support string is at an angle of 48.0° from the vertical. What is the speed of the suspended mass at the bottom of the swing? (g = 9.80 m/s2 and ignore air resistance)

2.55 m/s

Water pressurized to 3.00 × 105 Pa is flowing at 5.25 m/s in a pipe which contracts to 1/2 of its former area. What are the pressure and speed of the water after the contraction? (Density of water = 1 × 103 kg/m3.)

2.59E+5 Pa, 10.5 m/s

An elevator weighing 20 000 N is supported by a steel cable. What is the tension in the cable when the elevator is being accelerated upward at a rate of 3.00 m/s2? (g = 9.80 m/s2)

2.6E+4N

A boxcar of mass 200 tons at rest becomes uncoupled on a 1.5° grade. If the track is considered to be frictionless, what speed does the boxcar have after 10 seconds?

2.6m/s

A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 75.0 N/m, is set into an up-and-down simple harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through the equilibrium point? The starting displacement from equilibrium is 0.20 m.

2.7 m/s

A 100-W light bulb is left on for 8.0 hours. Over this period of time, how much energy was used by the bulb?

2.9E+6 J

A block of mass 4.0 kg rests on a horizontal surface where the coefficient of kinetic friction between the two is 0.20. A string attached to the block is pulled horizontally, resulting in a 3.0-m/s2 acceleration by the block. Find the tension in the string. (g = 9.80 m/s2)

20 N

A block of wood has specific gravity 0.80. When placed in water, what percent of the volume of the wood is above the surface?

20%

At what speed will a car round a 52.0-m-radius curve, banked at a 40.0° angle, if no friction is required between the road and tires to prevent the car from slipping? (g = 9.80 m/s2)

20.7

A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 × 10−2 kg·m2 and spins freely on a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min. A 0.600-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically onto the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. What is the new rate of rotation of the system?

20.8

A bucket of water with total mass 20.0 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a 4.00-cm radius cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a speed of 8.00 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of the cylinder at this instant?

200

If I0 = 10−12 W/m2 is the threshold of hearing, a sound with intensity I1 = 10−11W/m2 will give a certain decibel level. Suppose a new sound has an intensity I2 = 2I12/I0. What is the new decibel level?

A sound wave coming from a tuba has a wavelength of 1.10 m and travels to your ears at a speed of 253 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound you hear?

230 Hz

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 460 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.50 m. What is the wave speed?

230 m/s

An automobile accelerates from zero to 36.72 m/s in 6.80 s. The wheels have a diameter of 0.450 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel?

24.0 rad/s^2

Five boys are pushing on a snowball, and each is pushing with a force of 10.0.0 N. However, each boy is pushing in a different direction. They are pushing north, northeast, east, southeast, and south. (Each boy is pushing at an angle of 45.0°relative to his neighbor.) What is the magnitude of the total force on the ball?

24.1N

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring coil in order to increase its period of simple harmonic motion by five?

A 2.00-m long piano string of mass 10.0 g is under a tension of 320 N. Find the speed with which a wave travels on this string.

253 m/s

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 4.00 Hz. If the frequency of one of the forks is 258 Hz, what is the frequency of the other?

254 Hz or 262 Hz

A flute behaves like a tube open at both ends. If its length is 67.0 cm, and the speed of sound is 340 m/s, what is its fundamental frequency in Hz?

254 hz

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly

26%

A block of wood has density 0.500 g/cm3 and mass 2 000 g. It floats in a container of oil (the oil's density is 0.750 g/cm3). What volume of oil does the wood displace?

2670cm^3

Air pressure is 1.00 × 105 N/m2, air density is 1.30 kg/m3, and the density of soft drinks is 1.00 × 103 kg/m3. If one blows carefully across the top of a straw sticking up 0.10 m from the liquid in a soft drink can, it is possible to make the soft drink rise half way up the straw and stay there. How fast must the air be blown across the top of the straw?

27 m/s

A water bug on the surface of a pond bobs up and down three times per second on ripples with wavelength 10.5 cm. A fish resting at the surface of the pond is 8.50 m from the water bug. How long does it take a ripple passing the water bug to reach the fish?

27 s

A baseball infielder, mass 78.0 kg, jumps up with velocity 3.50 m/s and catches a 0.195-kg baseball moving horizontally at 55.0 m/s. Of the following, which is closest to the final momentum of the system, infielder and baseball?

273

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at one atmosphere of pressure?

273K

A 8.00-kg bowling ball falls from a 3.50-m shelf. Just before hitting the floor, what will be its kinetic energy? (g = 9.80 m/s2 and assume air resistance is negligible)

274J

What is the speed of sound in air at a temperature of -110 °F?

279

A material has a coefficient of volume expansion of 40 × 10−6/°C. What is its area coefficient of expansion?

27x10^-6/C

A series of ocean waves, 7.0 m between crests, move past at 4.0 waves/s. Find their speed.

28 m/s

Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone Park shoots water hourly to a height of 40.0 m. With what velocity does the water leave the ground?

28.0m/s

If the speed of a wave on a violin string is 400 m/s, what will be the speed of the wave if the tension in the string is halved?

280 m/s

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 225°C and exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 25.0°C. If the generating plant has a power output of 850 megawatts (MW) and if the actual efficiency is 3/4 the theoretical efficiency, how much heat per second must be delivered to the boiler? (0°C = 273 K)

2820 MW

What is the intensity level of a sound with intensity of 6.0 × 10−10 W/m2? ( I0 = 10−12 W/m2 )

28dB

A 0.40-kg mass, attached to the end of a 0.75-m string, is whirled around in a circular horizontal path. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 450 N, then what maximum speed can the mass have if the string is not to break?

29 m/s

Mitch throws a 130-g lump of clay at a 590-g target, which is at rest on a horizontal surface. After impact, the target, including the attached clay, slides 2.8 m before stopping. If the coefficient of friction is μ = 0.50, find the speed of the clay before impact.

29 m/s

If a planet has 3 times the radius of the Earth, but has the same density as the Earth, what is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet? (g = 9.80 m/s2)

29.4

Rita accelerates a 0.50-kg ball from rest to 8.0 m/s during the 0.14 s in which her foot is in contact with the ball. What average force does she apply to the ball during the kick?

29N

A string of length L with fixed ends is made to go into standing wave patterns. What is the longest wavelength associated with all possible standing wave patterns in this situation?

When one note is above another note by an octave, the frequency of the higher pitch note is double that of the lower pitch note. The word octave may make you think that there are 8 steps from the lower note to the one an octave above. But wait! How many steps are there on a piano from middle C to the next C above? Each key is a step. If each next key is a step, how many are there? Middle C is a white (W) key and the next note above is a black (B) key. Starting at middle C on the piano the sequence of key we go through to get to high C, is BWBWWBWBWBWW, the last key being high C. Count 'em. That's 12 steps. If the multiplying factor of the frequency for the next step is the same for each step, what is that multiplying frequency? All you need is given in this problem statement.

2^1/12

Doubling the mean distance from the Sun results in changing the orbital period of revolution by what factor?

2^3/2

Two identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass, which is then set into simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a single spring which would result in the same frequency of oscillation as the parallel springs?

An object, initially moving in the negative x-direction, is subjected to a change in velocity in the positive y-direction. If the resulting velocity vector is drawn from the origin, into which quadrant does this vector point?

2nd

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature triples?

What sound level change corresponds to a factor of two change in intensity?

Consider a Carnot cycle starting at the state of highest pressure and smallest volume. Call the isothermal expansion from this state step 1, the adiabatic expansion which follows step 2, the isothermal compression that then follows step 3, and the adiabatic compression which returns the system to the initial state step 4. In which steps does the internal energy of the system increase?

3 &4

Dmitri places one end of a copper rod in a heat reservoir and the other end in a heat sink. By what factor is the rate of heat flow changed when the temperature difference between the reservoir and sink is tripled?

3.0

Tripling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will bring about a change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?

3.0

A disk has a moment of inertia of 3.0 × 10−4 kg·m2 and rotates with an angular speed of 3.6 rad/s. What net torque must be applied to bring it to rest within 3.6 s?

3.00E-4 Nm

I attach a 4.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's law and supply 3.4 J of energy to stretch the spring. I release the block; it oscillates with period 0.15 s. The amplitude is

3.1 cm

A boxcar of mass 125 tons at rest becomes uncoupled on a 2.0° grade. If the track is considered to be frictionless, what speed does the boxcar have after 9.0 seconds?

3.1 m/s

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of pure gold, measured its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the crown's mass is 600 g, what volume would be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?

3.1E+1

Samantha pushes a 60-N crate up a ramp 30 m in length and inclined at 10° with the horizontal. What potential energy change does the crate experience?

3.1E+2 J

A satellite is in a circular orbit about the Earth at a distance of d = 5 times the Earth's radius above the surface. What is the speed of the satellite? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 106 m.)

3.2E+3 m/s

A point on the rim of a 0.30-m-radius rotating wheel has a tangential speed of 5.0 m/s. What is the tangential speed of a point 0.20 m from the center of the same wheel?

3.3

A centrifuge rotates at 100 rev/s (i.e., 628 rad/s). If the test tube places the suspension at 8.00 cm from the axis of rotation, by what factor are the terminal speeds of the settling particles increased as compared to sedimentation cause by gravity?

3.3E+3

A 26.0-g bullet moving at 1 200 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 200 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the block that results from the collision if the block had not been moving prior to the collision and was free to move?

3.4E+2J

A horizontal force of 85.0 N is applied to move a 46.0-kg cart across a 4.0-m level surface. What work is done by the 85.0-N force?

3.4E+2J

A 10.0-kg box starts at rest and slides 3.90 m down a ramp inclined at an angle of 10° with the horizontal. If there is no friction between the ramp surface and crate, what is the velocity of the crate at the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

3.64 m/s

What is the total force on the bottom of a 2.0-m-diameter by 1.5-m-deep round wading pool due to the weight of the air and the weight of the water? (Note the pressure contribution from the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 N/m2, the density of water is 1 000 kg/m3, and g = 9.8 m/s2.)

3.6E+5N

Ann the Astronaut weighs 65.0 kg. She is space walking outside the space shuttle and pushes a 350.0-kg satellite away from the shuttle at 0.70 m/s. What speed does this give Ann as she moves toward the shuttle?

3.8 m/s

The surface of the Sun is at approximately 5 700 K and the temperature of the Earth's surface is about 290 K. What total entropy change occurs when 1 175 J of heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth?

3.85 J/K

A tiny spring, with a spring constant of 1.30 N/m, will be stretched to what displacement by a 0.00500-N force?

3.85 mm

A rocket has an exhaust speed of 2.5 × 103 m/s, and produces 7.5 × 105 N of instantaneous thrust. What mass of fuel does the rocket burn each second?

300

Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 300 N while the one on the right weighs 200 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)

300 Nm

A rocket has an exhaust speed of 2.5 × 103 m/s, and produces 7.5 × 105 N of instantaneous thrust. What mass of fuel does the rocket burn each second?

300 kg/s

The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what value?

3000

As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.50%. What is the change of the temperature of the wire? (αCu = 16.6 × 10−6/C°)

301C

How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 4.40-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat of fusion of ice is 80.0 cal/g. The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C.

3170 cal

The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x= (0.160 m) cos (πt/16). What is its period of oscillation?

32 s

A 7.00-kg mass is placed on a 28.0° incline and friction keeps it from sliding. The coefficient of static friction in this case is 0.574, and the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.528. What is the frictional force in this situation?

32.2N

A 24.0-kg crate, initially at rest, slides down a ramp 4.0 m long and inclined at an angle of 20° with the horizontal. If there is no friction between ramp surface and crate, what is the kinetic energy of the crate at the bottom of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

322J

A 2.65-kg block of ice is at STP (0°C, 1 atm) while it melts completely to water. What is its change in entropy? (For ice, Lf = 3.34 × 105 J/kg)

3240 j/k

How much thermal energy must be added to 7.10 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its temperature 22.1 K?

3260J

A 5.0-g lead bullet traveling in 19.0°C air at 300 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is the final temperature of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g.

327

What is the mass of a mole of oxygen gas?

32g

Geosynchronous satellites orbit the Earth at a distance of 42 000 km from the Earth's center. Their angular speed at this height is the same as the rotation rate of the Earth, so they appear stationary at certain locations in the sky. What is the force acting on a 1 500-kg satellite at this height?

333

The speed of sound at 0°C is 331 m/s. What is the speed of sound at 10.0°C? (0°C = 273 K)

337

A car wash nozzle directs a steady stream of water at 1.10 kg/s, with a speed of 30.0 m/s, against a car window. What force does the water exert on the glass? Assume the water does not splash back.

33N

The coefficient of static friction between the tires of a car and the street is μs = 0.70. Of the following, what is the steepest inclination angle of a street on which a car can be parked (with wheels locked) without slipping?

A temperature change from 35°C to 55°C corresponds to what incremental change in °F?

An automobile of mass 2 500 kg moving at 50.0 m/s is braked suddenly with a constant braking force of 8 500 N. How far does the car travel before stopping?

368m

A jet of water flowing from a hose at 18 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass flow in the fluid stream is 2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is negligible?

36N

A jet engine develops 1.50 × 105 N of thrust in moving an airplane forward at a speed of 900 km/h. What is the power developed by the engine?

37.5 MW

A 9.0-kg hanging weight is connected by a string over a pulley to a 5.0-kg block sliding on a flat table. If the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.19, find the tension in the string.

37.5N

A trapeze artist, with swing, weighs 800 N; he is momentarily held to one side by his partner so that the swing ropes make an angle of 25.0° with the vertical. In such a condition of static equilibrium, what is the horizontal force being applied by the partner?

373N

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal. If a 1 200-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

378 mph

What is the temperature increase of 3.00 kg of water when heated by a 900-W immersion heater for 9.00 min? (cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

38.7C

A baseball catcher puts on an exhibition by catching a 0.200-kg ball dropped from a helicopter at a height of 150 m above the catcher. If the catcher "gives" with the ball for a distance of 0.755 m while catching it, what average force is exerted on the mitt by the ball? (g = 9.80 m/s2)

389N

A 6.0-kg object is falling downward with an acceleration of 3.27 m/s2. Of the following values, which is nearest to the drag force on the object?

39N

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be increased by a factor of three?

3^2

In the text there is a table of coefficients of linear (α) and volume (β) expansions due to temperature changes. For the solid materials in this list, there is a relationship between α and β which allows you to find the value of β if you know α. Which of the following best describes that relationship?

3a=B

A common approximation is when the intensity of a sound is doubled, the decibel level increases by 3. The sound level in a particular location is 100 dB. By what approximate factor is the sound intensity increased if the new decibel level of this sound is 106?

A point on the rim of a 0.25-m-radius rotating wheel has a centripetal acceleration of 4.0 m/s2. What is the angular speed of the wheel?

4.0

An astronaut sets up a pendulum on the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is 1/6 that of Earth. If she finds that she must push the pendulum with a frequency of 0.10 Hz to maintain a swinging motion, what is the length of the pendulum?

4.1 ,

Preston pushes a wheelbarrow weighing 480 N to the top of a 45.0-m ramp, inclined at 22.0° with the horizontal, and leaves it. Tamara accidentally bumps the wheelbarrow. It slides back down the ramp, during which an 85.0-N frictional force acts on it over the 45.0 m. What is the wheelbarrow's kinetic energy at the bottom at of the ramp? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

4.3E+3 J

A 26.0-N crate starting at rest slides down a rough 4.8-m-long ramp, inclined at 21.0° with the horizontal. 18 J of energy is lost to friction. What will be the speed of the crate at the bottom of the incline?

4.49 m/s

A 1 000-kg sports car accelerates from zero to 25 m/s in 7.0 s. What is the average power delivered by the automobile engine?

4.5E+4 W

A solid sphere of mass 2.50 kg and radius 0.120 m starts from rest at the top of a ramp inclined 15.0° and rolls to the bottom. The upper end of the ramp is 1.60 m higher than the lower end. What is the linear speed of the sphere when it reaches the bottom of the ramp? (Note: I = MR2 for a solid sphere, and g = 9.80 m/s2.)

4.73m/s

A boat with mass 950 kg is heading into the harbor at a speed of 10.0 m/s. How much work is required to slow the boat to 1.0 m/s?

4.7E+4 J

A simple pendulum has a period of 4.40 s. What is the pendulum length? (g = 9.80 m/s2)

4.81 m

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x" shape. Each baton was 0.70 m long and each ball on the end is 0.10 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?

4.9E-2

Arrange the temperatures 40 ºF, 40 ºC, and 40 K from highest to lowest.

40 ºC, 40 ºF, 40 K

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 218°C and exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 24°C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the plant? (0°C = 273 K)

40%

A source of sound has an intensity I1 and when its sound level is measured at a fixed distance the value found is 70 dB. The source then has its intensity increased to I2 and when its sound level is measured at the same distance the value found is 96 dB. What is the ratio I2/I1?

400

Transverse waves travel with a speed of 105 m/s along a taut copper wire that has a diameter of 2.28 mm. What is the tension in the wire? (The density of copper is 8.93 g/cm3.)

402 N

A baseball catcher puts on an exhibition by catching a 0.175-kg ball dropped from a helicopter at a height of 89.0 m. What is the speed of the ball just before it hits the catcher's glove 1.00 m above the ground? (g = 9.80 m/s2 and ignore air resistance)

41.5 m/s

A helicopter stays aloft by pushing large quantities of air downward every second. What mass of air must be pushed downward at 35.0 m/s every second to keep a 1 500-kg helicopter aloft?

420kg

A bowling ball has a mass of 7.00 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10−2 kg·m2, and a radius of 0.100 m. If it rolls down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 4.30 m/s, what is its angular speed?

43.0

Two forces act on a 8.50-kg object. One of the forces is 14.0 N. If the object accelerates at 3.50 m/s2, what is the greatest possible magnitude of the other force?

43.8 N

A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 kN and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0 kN is parked with its center of gravity located 15.0 m from the right pier. What upward support force does the right pier provide?

44.4kN

A reading of a tire gauge tells you that the gauge pressure in a tire is 31 lb/in2. What is the absolute pressure in the tire? Assume that atmospheric pressure is 14 lb/in2.

45 lb/in^2

An Olympic skier moving at 19.5 m/s down a 17.0° slope encounters a region of wet snow, of coefficient of friction μk = 0.740. How far down the slope does she go before stopping?

46.7m

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at the equator of the Earth. The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 106 m.

465 m/s

The tungsten filament of a light bulb has an operating temperature of about 2 050 K. If the emitting area of the filament is 0.70 cm2, and its emissivity is 0.68, what is the power output of the light bulb? (σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2⋅K4)

47.7

A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 32.6% operates between a high temperature T1 and a low temperature T2 = 320 K. If this engine operates with Carnot efficiency, what is the high-side temperature T1?

480K

A man pulls a sled at a constant velocity across a horizontal snow surface. If a force of 85 N is being applied to the sled rope at an angle of 56° to the ground, what is the force of friction between sled and snow?

48N

When gasoline is burned, it gives off 41 000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile uses 14.1 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 23.0%, what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W)

49.5 hp

49.5hp

You stand by the railroad tracks as a train passes by. You hear a 1 020-Hz frequency when the train approaches, which changes to 760 Hz as it goes away. How fast is the train moving? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.

49.7

A machine gun is attached to a railroad flatcar that rolls with negligible friction. If the railroad car has a mass of 6.35 × 104 kg, how many bullets of mass 35.0 g would have to be fired at 200 m/s off the back to give the railroad car a forward velocity of 0.56 m/s?

5.1 E+3

If the surface temperature of the Earth is 290 K and that of the Sun is 6 000 K, assuming the same emissivities, what is the ratio of the energy radiated per square meter of the Earth to that of the Sun?

5.5x10^-6

Bats can detect small objects such as insects that are of a size approximately that of one wavelength. If bats emit a chirp at a frequency of 60 kHz, and the speed of sound waves in air is 335 m/s, what is the smallest size insect they can detect?

5.6m

A pile driver drives a post into the ground. The mass of the pile driver is 2 600 kg and it is dropped through a height of 9.0 m on each stroke. If the resisting force of the ground is 4.0 × 106 N, how far is the post driven in on each stroke?

5.7E-2cm

A 274-N uniform ladder, 11.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The coefficient of static friction between ladder and floor is 0.400. What minimum angle can the ladder make with the floor before it slips?

51.3

A grindstone spinning at the rate of 8.3 rev/s has what approximate angular speed?

52 rad/s

Two cars, one in front of the other, are traveling down the highway at 55.0 m/s. The car behind sounds its horn, which has a frequency of 530 Hz. What is the frequency heard by the driver of the lead car? (vsound = 340 m/s)

530 Hz

A 550-Hz whistle is moved toward a listener at a speed of 25.0 m/s. At the same time, the listener moves at a speed of 35.0 m/s in a direction away from the whistle. What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (The speed of sound is 340 m/s.)

533

A wave is traveling in a string at 50 m/s. When the tension is then increased 18%, what will be the resulting wave speed?

A crane drops a 0.250-kg steel ball onto a steel plate. The ball's speeds just before impact and after are 4.00 m/s and 3.70 m/s, respectively. If the ball is in contact with the plate for 0.035 s, what is the magnitude of the average force that the ball exerts on the plate during impact?

55.0N

A 12.0-kg mass is placed on a 29.0° incline and friction keeps it from sliding. The coefficient of static friction in this case is 0.660, and the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.546. The mass is given a shove causing it to slide down the incline. What is the frictional force while the mass is sliding?

56.2N

A string is strung horizontally with a fixed tension. A wave of frequency 60.0 Hz is sent along the string, and it has a wave speed of 58.4 m/s. Then a second wave, one of frequency 120 Hz, is sent along the string. What is the wave speed of the second wave?

58.4 m/s

A 2.00-L container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 12.0 atm. What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

585K

A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm3 and mass 770 g. The aluminum is submerged in a container of oil of density 0.650 g/cm3. A spring balance is attached with string to the piece of aluminum. What reading will the balance register in grams (g) for the submerged metal?

585g

An ideal gas at pressure, volume, and temperature, P0, V0, and T0, respectively, is heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2T0, and then returned to the original condition. The internal energy decreases by 3P0V0/2 going from point B to point T0. How much heat left the gas from point B to point T0

5PV/2

Quadrupling the power output from a speaker emitting a single frequency will result in what increase in loudness?

6.0 dB

Two vibrating tuning forks, held side by side, will create a beat frequency of what value if the individual frequencies of the two forks are 306 Hz and 300 Hz, respectively?

6.00

Tricia puts 5.30 g of dry ice (solid CO2) into a 4.00-L container and seals the top. The dry ice turns to gas at room temperature (20.0°C). Find the pressure increase in the 4.00-L container. (One mole of CO2 has a mass of 5.30 g, R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K. Ignore the initial volume of the dry ice.)

6.01 atm

The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In vibrational motion, each oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the center of mass of the system. If each oxygen atom of mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring constant is 86 N/m, then what is the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?

6.1E-12

A 0.20-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is at a displacement of 2.3 cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.5 J and a spring potential energy of 2.3 J. What is the maximum speed of the mass during its oscillation?

6.2 m/s

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can convert all of the energy expended into heat for warming water. How much mechanical energy is required to increase the temperature of 200 g of water (enough for 1 cup of coffee) from 18°C to 94°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

6.4E+4J

A 5 500-N weight is held suspended in equilibrium by two cables. Cable 1 applies a horizontal force to the right of the object and has a tension, T1. Cable 2 applies a force upward and to the left at an angle of 40.0° to the negative x-axis and has a tension, T2. What is the tension, T1?

6.6E+3N

Water flows over a section of Niagara Falls at a rate of 1.30 × 106 kg/s and falls 52.0 m. What is the power dissipated by the waterfall?

6.6E+8 W

A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 210 mph. A constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 25.0 mph. In which direction is the plane pointed?

6.79° W of N

The Sun is a slightly variable star. What if the surface temperature of the Sun were to increase from 6 000 K to 6 100 K, what would be the increase in total power radiated assuming no other changes such as radius or emissivity?

6.8%

Superguy is flying at treetop level near Paris when he sees the Eiffel Tower elevator start to fall (the cable snapped). His x-ray vision tells him Lois LaTour is inside. If Superguy is 1.00 km away from the tower, and the elevator falls from a height of 230 m, how long does Superguy have to save Lois, and what must be his average speed?

6.85 s, 150 m/s

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 80 J of heat while simultaneously doing 20 J of work. What is its net change in internal energy?

60J

A U-tube is partially filled with water and then an immiscible liquid is added to the right side. The top of the liquid is a distance h1 = 2.40 cm above the level of interface between the liquid and water. On the left side of the tube the top of the water is a distance h2 = 1.48 cm above the liquid-water interface on the right side. What is the density of the liquid in terms of the density of water, 1 000 kg/m3?

617

If it is given that 635 K equals 362°C, then it follows that 902 K equals

629C

A baseball batter hits an incoming 45.0-m/s fastball. The ball leaves the bat at 56.0 m/s after a ball-on-bat contact time of 0.040 s. What is the force exerted on the 0.25-kg baseball?

631 N

An astronaut applies a force of 450 N to an asteroid, and it accelerates at 7.0 m/s2. What is the asteroid's mass?

64kg

A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates around that hinge is ML2/3. Suppose a 2.00-m rod with a mass of 6.00 kg is hinged at one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is released?

7.35 rad/s

The gas, C3H8, is used in outside grills, and several moles of this gas will burn during an afternoon's grilling. What is the mass of one molecule of this gas?

7.3x10^-26

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.500 rad/s, accelerates over a 10.4-s interval at a rate of 0.040 0 rad/s2. What angular displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 10.4-s interval?

7.4 rad

A 4 500-N weight is suspended in equilibrium by two cables. Cable 1 applies a horizontal force to the right of the object and has a tension, T1. Cable 2 applies a force upward and to the left at an angle of 37.0° to the negative x-axis and has a tension, T2. Find T2.

7.5E + 3N

If a 1 050-kg car was moving at 25 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy expressed in the unusual (for kinetic energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)

7.8E+4

A 0.30-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.25-m-length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 12.0 rad/s. What is the tension in the string at that point?

7.9 N

A golf ball hits a wall and bounces back at 3/4 the original speed. What part of the original kinetic energy of the ball did it lose in the collision?

7/16

A bobsled makes a run down an ice track starting at 250 m vertical distance up the hill. If there is no friction, what is the velocity at the bottom of the hill?

70.0 m/s

In the afternoon, the decibel level of a busy freeway is 85 dB with 90 cars passing a given point every minute. Late at night, the traffic flow is only 8 cars per minute. What is the late-night decibel level?

Standing-wave vibrations are set up in a crystal wine glass with four nodes and four antinodes equally spaced around the 2.80-cm radius of the rim. If the resonant frequency of the glass is 8.50 kHz, what is the speed of the transverse waves moving around the glass?

748 m/s

Two blocks are at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface with a compressed spring between them. The 15.0-kg block accelerates when the string holding the system in compression is cut and the 30.0-kg box accelerates in the opposite direction. What is the magnitude of the force from the expanding spring on the 30.0-kg box when the 15.0-kg box is undergoing an acceleration of 5.00 m/s2?

75.0N

A string with fixed ends is made to go into standing wave patterns. At a given tension, the lowest frequency for which such a pattern exists is 150 Hz. Which of the following frequencies would also cause a standing wave pattern in this case?

750 Hz

One way to heat a gas is to compress it. A gas at 3.0 atm at 27°C is compressed to three tenths of its original volume, and it reaches 35 atm pressure. What is its new temperature?

777C

A 4.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 200 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If we assume that half of the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what is the increase in temperature of the embedded bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.0305 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

78.3

If it takes 7 N to stretch a spring 8 cm and if the spring is then cut in half, what force does it take to stretch one of the halves 4 cm?

A 7.50-kg bowling ball strikes a 5.20-kg pin. The pin flies forward with a velocity of 4.00 m/s; the ball continues forward at 5.50 m/s. What was the original velocity of the ball?

8.27 m/s

Sound waves of a certain frequency in air having a wavelength of 1.9 m will have what wavelength in water? Take the speed of sound in air to be 340 m/s and in water to be 1 490 m/s.

8.3 m

If the mass of Venus is 0.786 times that of Earth, and its radius is 0.950 that of Earth, estimate the gravitational acceleration g at the surface of Venus. (gearth = 9.80 m/s2)

8.53 m/s^2

A 3.00-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 7.80 N is applied perpendicular to the rod at a distance of 1.60 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 2.60 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.00 m from the pivot. The 2.60-N force is at an angle of 30.0o to the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot? (Take ccw as positive.)

8.58 Nm

Alex throws a 0.250-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 5.30 m/s, and just after is 3.71 m/s. If the ball is in contact with the floor for 0.028 s, what is the magnitude of the average force applied by the floor on the ball?

80.4 N

Find the final equilibrium temperature when 20.0 g of milk at 15.0°C is added to 155.0 g of coffee at 89.0°C. (Assume the specific heats of coffee and milk are the same as water and neglect the heat capacity of the container.) cwater = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C

80.5

A tank with a volume of 0.15 m3 contains 25.0°C helium gas at a pressure of 100 atm. How many balloons can be blown up if each filled balloon is a sphere 31.0 cm in diameter at 25.0°C and absolute pressure of 1.20 atm? Assume all the helium is transferred to the balloons.

802 balloons

A traveling wave train has wavelength 0.400 m, speed 35.0 m/s. Find the wave frequency.

87.5 Hz

Adisa pulls a 35.0-N crate up a 4.00-m-long inclined plane at a constant velocity. If the plane is inclined at an angle of 39.0° to the horizontal and there is a constant force of friction of 13.0 N between the crate and the surface, what is the net change in potential energy of the crate?

88J

What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon dioxide?

88g

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side. The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6. Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?

An automobile delivers 30.0 hp to its wheels when moving at a constant speed of 24.0 m/s. What is the resistance force on the automobile at this speed? (1 hp = 746 watts)

9.33E+3N

A rocket with initial mass of 3.0 × 104 kg fires its engines at t = 0. The exhaust speed of the rocket is 3.9 × 103 m/s. If the velocity of the rocket at t= 200 s is 1 500 m/s, how much fuel did it consume?

9.6x10^3 kg

A pressure of 3.00 × 10−7 mm of Hg is achieved in a vacuum system. How many gas molecules are present per liter volume if the temperature is 298 K? (760 mm of Hg = 1 atm, R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K, and NA = 6.02 × 1023)

9.7E+12

Somewhere between the Earth and the Moon is a point where the gravitational attraction of the Earth is canceled by the gravitational pull of the Moon. The mass of the Moon is 1/81 that of the Earth. How far from the center of the Earth is this point?

9/10 the way to the moon

A very loud train whistle has an acoustic power output of 100 W. If the sound energy spreads out spherically, what is the intensity level in dB at a distance of 89.0 meters from the train? (I0 = 10−12 W/m2)

90.0 dB

A turbine takes in 2 200-K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 200 K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?

91%

Assuming that the wave speed varies little when sound waves are traveling through a material that suddenly changes density by 10%, what percentage of the incident wave intensity is reflected?

< 1%

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: Th = 1 100 K, Tc = 1 000 K; Engine B: Th = 550 K, Tc = 500 K; Engine C: Th = 1100 K, Tc = 500 K. Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?

A & B

Avogadro's number is related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n by:

Avogadro's number cannot be related to these two quantities alone

A syringe has an inside radius of its barrel of 0.50 cm and at the opening at the end of the needle the radius is 1.0 mm. If a force F is applied to the plunger, what is the force produced at the opening of the needle?

F/25

A box is launched up a frictionless incline with an angle of elevation θ. The maximum height reached by the box is h. The box is again launched up the incline with the same initial speed it had before, but this time the angle of elevation has been increased to φ. How does the maximum height H reached this time by the box compare with the previous value h?

H=h

If the temperature of a gas triples, by what factor does the speed of a molecule with the average kinetic energy change?

It increases by a factor of sq root 3

Which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?

J/K

The first experiment, which systematically demonstrated the equivalence of mechanical energy and heat, was performed by

Joule

Two masses m1 and m2, with m1 < m2, have momenta with equal magnitudes. How do their kinetic energies compare?

KE1 > KE2

The figure shows a block on an inclined plane. What is the expression for the normal force acting on the block?

Mgcosθ

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume. One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process. What does the area between these two curves represent?

Q absorbed by the isothermal process

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or zero?

Q is +, W is 0, and ΔU is +.

Two objects, A and B, are placed in thermal contact. The entropy of object Adecreases. What can be said about the relationship between the temperatures of the two objects?

Ta>Tb

A sled is on a horizontal surface and a rope with tension T is pulling on it at an angle θ above the horizontal. The sled had mass M and does not move due to the frictional force. In this case the coefficient of friction is μs. In terms of the variables given and g, what is the magnitude of the frictional force in this case?

Tcosθ

A rock is moving with speed v. If the mass of the rock were tripled and the speed were reduced to v/3, which of the following statements would be true?

The kinetic energy of the rock is smaller than in the first case, but the momenta of both are the same.

A man of weight Wman is standing on the second floor and is pulling on a rope to lift a box of weight Wbox from the floor below. The rope, which is of negligible weight, has tension T in it, but the pull of the rope is insufficient to lift the box off the floor. What is the magnitude of the normal force that the second floor exerts on the man in this situation?

Wman + T

a and b

Which is not an example of approximate simple harmonic motion?

a ball bouncing on the floor

A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results?

a greater rotational rate

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a factor of 8?

about 68%

How long has it been that scientists have accepted that the nucleus of the atom consists of neutrons and protons? Think of your answers in terms of order of magnitude.

about a century

A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing at a constant rate. Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance r1 from the center of the disk and point 2 on the disk is located at a distance r2 from the center of the disk. If r2 = 2r1, which of the following ratios is the largest? 1 and 2 refer to being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all values occurring at the same time.

ac^2/ ac^1

A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be

adiabatic

The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.

adiabatic, isothermal

When a wool blanket is used to keep warm, what is the primary insulating material?

air

As the ideal gas expands from pressure P1 and volume V1 to pressure P2 and volume V2 along the indicated straight line, it is possible that:

all of the above are impossible

Three satellites are launched into space connected together. Once in deep space, an explosive charge separates the three satellites and they move apart. The satellites each have different masses with m1 < m2 < m3. Which of the following statements is always true?

although one or more of the above statements

A string is attached to the ceiling. At the bottom of the string a rope of the same length as the string is attached. In the rope-string system, which of the following is the position of greatest tension? Assume the rope has more mass per unit length than the string.

at the top of the string

A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both inclines have the same height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If both objects start from rest, upon reaching the bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic energy and which one will have the greater speed?

both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed

In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of

choices a & c are both valid

The net force on an object is in the positive x-direction. Consider the following statements. (I)The object can be moving in the negative x-direction.(II)The object can be speeding up.(III)The object can be slowing down.(IV)The object can be moving in the positive y-direction. Which of the statements are true?

choose this answer if all the statements are true

Which one of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of a fluid?

convection

As an object is lowered into a deep hole in the surface of the Earth, which of the following must be assumed in regard to its potential energy?

decrease

A Carnot engine runs between a hot reservoir at Th and a cold reservoir at Tc. If one of the temperatures is either increased or decreased by 3.5 K, which of the following changes would increase the efficiency by the greatest amount?

decreasing Tc

What happens to a given volume of water when heated from 0°C to 4°C?

density increases

Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir. Suppose the power plant produces 1 × 106 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One and then produces 1 × 106 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during Day Two. The thermal pollution was

greatest on DAY ONE

The superposition principle has to do with which of the following?

how displacements of interacting waves add together

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts, absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process. Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

increased entropy

A steel plate has a hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and heated. What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature increases?

increases

A projectile is launched at an angle less than 30° and at speed v. Which will increase the projectile's range more, ignoring atmospheric drag?

increasing the speed of launch by 50%

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is equivalent to a change in

internal energy

An object consists of a rod (of length 3.00 m and negligible moment of inertia) to which four small 3.50-kg masses are attached, one at each end and one at each point on the rod spaced at 1.00-m intervals. The moment of inertia of this object about an axis perpendicular to the rod and through one of the end masses:

is 49

A block is launched up an incline plane. After going up the plane, it slides back down to its starting position. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is 0.3. The speed of the block when it reaches the starting position on the trip down:

is less than the launching speed

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two. This indicates Bar One

is made of material that is different from bar two

Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C. Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C. The specific heat of the solid

is more than that of the fluid

On a PV diagram, an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

isobaric

If the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a monatomic ideal gas at 55°C is doubled, what is the resulting temperature of the gas?

it becomes 383C

Suppose the pressure of 20 g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume is halved. What happens to the internal energy of the gas?

it increases

What happens to its moment of inertia when a steel disk is heated?

it increases

If the temperature of a gas triples, by what factor does the speed of a molecule with the average kinetic energy change?

it increases by a factor of sq root 3

A steel piano string is attached, under tension, at each end to secure posts. When gently struck, a faint note can be detected coming from the string. The string is then cooled by blowing cold air over it and then is struck again. How does the note now detected compare to the previous one.

it is at a higher frequency than the original one

A note is being played on a string on a guitar. The string is then pushed to the side while still in contact with the same fret. What happens to the frequency of the note then played compared to the original note?

it is at higher frequency than the original note

A crate of weight w is being pushed across a horizontal surface by a force directed at an angle of 20° below the horizontal. What is the magnitude of the normal force on the crate?

it is more than w

Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a horizontal pipe. Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of fluid flow. What happens to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?

it remains constant as the pipe diameter increases

For a point on a spinning disc in uniform circular motion, which of the following is not constant?

its centripetal acceleration

In a greenhouse, electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light enters the glass panes and is absorbed and then reradiated. What happens to this reradiated electromagnetic radiation from within the greenhouse?

its partially blocked by glass

Which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?

j/k

Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process, the gain or loss can be accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on the system?

joule

Two springs, each with spring constant k, are attached end to end in a series fashion. A second pair of identical springs are also attached in series fashion. Then the pair of series attached springs are attached in parallel to each other. What is the effective spring constant of the resulting combination of springs?

A box of mass m is placed on an incline with angle of inclination θ. The box does not slide. The magnitude of the frictional force in this case is:

mg sin θ

The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Planet X is 10 m/s2. What is the acceleration due to gravity at an altitude of 3 000 km above the surface of this planet?

more information is needed

At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1 atmosphere?

more than ten times h

The observation that materials expand in size with an increase in temperature can be applied to what proportion of existing substances?

most

An artificial Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its greatest centripetal acceleration when it is at what location?

nearest the earth

At what location does an artificial Earth satellite in elliptical orbit have its greatest speed?

nearest the earth

A box slides across a floor and comes to rest. The work done by the frictional force on the box is

negative

150 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point of 77.0 K is stirred into a beaker containing 510 g of 18.0°C water. If the nitrogen leaves the solution as soon as it turns to gas, how much water freezes? The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 48.0 cal/g and that of water is 80.0 cal/g.

none

According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?

none of the above choices apply

Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?

one gram of steam at 100C changing to water at 100

Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis, neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular accelerations of the point.

only the angular acceleration is zero

Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel makes exactly four complete revolutions about a fixed axis. Compare the linear and angular displacement of the point.

only the linear displacement is zero

Which of the following is not true about potential energy?

potential energy has direction

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

pressure

The nuclei of atoms contain

protons and neutrons

The number of overtones, and their relative intensities, is associated with what property of the tone generated by a musical instrument?

quality

How does the heat energy from the Sun reach us through the vacuum of space?

radiation

If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer is what process?

radiation

The surfaces of a Dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer by what process?

radiation

Which type of heating causes sunburn?

radiation

John rapidly pulls a plunger out of a cylinder. As the plunger moves away, the gas molecules bouncing elastically off the plunger are

rebounding at a lower speed than they would have if the plunger weren't removed

A rod system with a uniform linear density of l = 4.40 kg/m has the shape shown in the figure, with rod 1 the vertical rod and rod 2 the horizontal rod. Rod 1 has length L1 = 8.00 m, and rod 2 has length L2 = 7.50 m. Neglect the diameter of the rods. What is the center of mass of each rod?

rod 1: (2.50, 4.00), rod 2: (3.75 m, 0 m)

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following?

solid/liquid/gas

If the tension on a guitar string is increased by a factor of 3, the fundamental frequency at which it vibrates is changed by what factor?

sq root 3

A long string is pulled so that the tension in it increases by a factor of four. If the change in length is negligible, by what factor does the wave speed change?

sq root 4

Of the following systems, which contains the most heat?

systems do not contain heat

The speed of sound in air is a function of which one of the following?

temperature

What thermodynamic quantity is held constant in Boyle's law?

temperature

How many nodes does a standing wave in a string have at the frequency of the sixth harmonic?

the answer is not given

For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the volume increases,

the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases

A lump of clay is thrown at a wall. A rubber ball of identical mass is thrown with the same speed toward the same wall. Which statement is true?

the ball experiences a greater change in momentum than the clay

An x vs. t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction. The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the velocity of the ball is zero. We can be positive that at t = 5 s,

the ball has stopped

A block is projected with speed v across a horizontal surface and slides to a stop due to friction. The same block is then projected with the same speed v up an incline where is slides to a stop due to friction. In which case did the total mechanical energy of the block decrease the least?

the case on the inclined surface had the least decrease in total mechanical energy

Neglecting gravity, doubling the exhaust velocity from a single stage rocket initially at rest changes the final velocity attainable by what factor? Assume all other variables, such as the mass of the rocket and the mass of the fuel, do not change.

the final velocity doubles

Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice. In this process

the internal energy increases

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P1, V1) and both ending at the same increased volume (V2). One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

the isothermal process curve will always be the upper one

Two objects, one less massive than the other, collide elastically and bounce back after the collision. If the two originally had velocities that were equal in size but opposite in direction, then which one will be moving faster after the collision?

the less massive one

You have a PV diagram for a device going through a cyclic process forming a closed loop on the diagram. How can you tell from the diagram whether the device is acting as a heat engine and not as a refrigerator?

the loop proceeds clockwise which means it is acting as a heat egine

The inside of a house is at 20°C on an early morning when the temperature outside is 15°C. The next morning the inside temperature is the same but the outside temperature is now 10°C. How much does the energy per unit time lost by conduction through the walls, windows, doors, etc., change for the house from the first morning to the second one?

the loss doubles

When an object is moving in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is at a minimum when the displacement from equilibrium is zero?

the magnitude of the acceleration

A tennis ball is held above and in contact with a basketball, and then both are simultaneously dropped. The tennis ball bounces off the basketball at a fairly high speed. This is because:

the massive basketball transfers momentum to the lighter tennis ball

Metal lids on glass jars can often be loosened by running them under hot water. Why is this?

the metal has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than glass so the meal expands more than the glass thus loosening the connection

In a partially elastic collision between two objects with unequal mass:

the momentum of one will increase by the amount that the momentum of the other decreases.

The term "timbre" refers to which of the following?

the quality of sound from instruments due to the mixture of harmonics

The slope of the acceleration vs. time curve represents

the rate of change of acceleration

For a monatomic gas, 3R/2 is

the specific heat per mole at constant volume

If a glass of water is on a table with a piece of paper under it, it is relatively easy to pull the paper out without disturbing the glass very much if the pull is done very quickly. This is because, with a quick pull:

the time for the pull will be less

A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while one dropped on the grass usually doesn't break. This is because for the egg dropped on the grass:

the time interval for stopping is greater

In a system with two moving objects, when a collision occurs between the objects:

the total momentum is always conserved

A physics student is riding on a train traveling north. Having read about inertia, the student performs an experiment with a golf ball. He reaches over the aisle and drops the ball from rest. Instead of hitting the floor directly below the student's hand, it hits to the north, i.e., forward of that position. Which of the following might be the cause for this to happen?

the train is slowing down

As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water. If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the ice melts?

the water level will remain unchanged

Kaitlin uses a bat to hit a thrown baseball. She knocks the ball back in the direction from which it came in a partially inelastic collision. The bat, which is heavier than the baseball, continues to move in the same direction after the hit as Kaitlin "follows through." Is the ball moving faster before or after it was hit?

there is insufficient info to answer this problem

A chamber that can be filled with different gases has placed in it a source of sound that in air produces a frequency of 200 Hz and a microphone to pick up the sound for frequency analysis. First the chamber is filled with helium (speed of sound 1 000 m/s at room conditions), then the helium is replaced with oxygen (speed of sound 330 m/s at room conditions), and then finally the helium is replaced with carbon dioxide (speed of sound 269 m/s at room conditions). In which gas is the highest frequency of sound found by the microphone during this experiment?

they all have the same frequency of sound

Two blocks are released from the top of a building. One falls straight down while the other slides down a smooth ramp. If all friction is ignored, which one is moving faster when it reaches the bottom?

they both will have the same speed

For a standing wave on a string the wavelength must equal

twice the distance between adjacent nodes

For a standing wave in an air column in a pipe that is open at both ends, there must be at least

two antinodes and one node

Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?

ultrasonic

In the terminology a 500-N block, the 500-N refers to the block's:

weight

In winter, light-colored clothes will keep you warmer than dark-colored clothes if

you are warmer than your surroundings

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much heat is received by the system?

zero

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L. If 100 J of heat is added, what is the work done on the system?

zero

A 5.0-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum), going from an initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 30 L. How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free expansion?

zero

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 8.0 Hz and an amplitude of 2.0 cm. If a timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 2.0 cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass when t = 3.0 s?

zero

A very light cart holding a 100-N box is moved at constant velocity across a 10-m level surface. What is the net work done in the process?

zero

As a car moves forward on a level road at constant velocity, the net force acting on the tires is:

zero

The kinetic energy of the bob on a simple pendulum swinging in simple harmonic motion has its maximum value when the displacement from equilibrium is at what point in its swing?

zero displacement

The torque caused by a force F applied at a distance r from the axis of rotation, is given by τ = rFsinθ, where θ is the angle between and . If the magnitudes rand F remain the same, what other angle θ' will produce the same torque as was produced at angle θ if θ was less than 90°?

θ' = 180° - θ

Two objects, A and B, are placed on an inclined plane that can be rotated to different angles of elevation. A starts to slide at twice the angle of elevation that B starts sliding. The respective coefficients for static friction for A and B are μA and μB. Choose the last answer that is correct.

μA > μB

A herd of sheep eats 10 bales of hay every 4 days. If a bale of hay costs $2.85, how much will it cost to feed the sheep hay for one year?

$2,600.63

There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures. For example, suppose a quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0, and our best estimate of the value is midrange at 20.2. We could write the number as 20.2 +/− 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty. We would also say it has 3 significant figures. If we square a number with 1% uncertainty (i.e., 2 parts in about 200) and 3 significant figures, what results?

A number with 2% uncertainty and 3 significant figures

Suppose the interior angles of a triangle are φ1, φ2, and φ3, with φ1 > φ2 > φ3. Which side of the triangle is the shortest?

The side opposite φ3.

A projectile is launched at an angle θ above the horizontal. Three seconds later the projectile is moving the same angle θbelow the horizontal. Which of the following (actual values with units, not just algebraic symbols) can be found from the information given?

the initial vertical component of the projectile's velocity

A ball is rolled horizontally off a table with an initial speed of 0.24 m/s. A stop watch measures the ball's trajectory time from table to the floor to be 0.20 s. How far away from the table does the ball land? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

0.048 m

If ϕ = 90° − θ, what is the value of sin2 ϕ + sin2 θ?

A track star in the broad jump goes into the jump at 12.0 m/s and launches himself at 26.0° above the horizontal. How long is he in the air before returning to Earth? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

1.1 s

A vehicle designed to operate on a drag strip accelerates from zero to 34 m/s while undergoing a straight-line path displacement of 48 m. What is the vehicle's acceleration if its value may be assumed to be constant?

12 m/s^2

A startled deer runs 520 m at 20.0° north of east for half a minute, then turns and runs 380 m at 55.0° north of west for 15.0 seconds and stops. What is the average velocity of the deer during this time?

12.4 m/s

Amir drives his ATV from coordinates (5.0 km, 25°) directly to (25.0 km, 45°) in 45 minutes. What is the ATV's speed?

27.2 km/h

A boat travels upstream and after one hour has gone 10 km. The boat next travels downstream and after one hour has gone 18 km. If the boat's speed relative to the water is constant, what is the speed of the current in the river?

4km/h

Two wires support a post, with dimensions as shown in the figure. If d = 14 m, what is the value of x?

5.2 m

Doubling the radius of a sphere results in increasing its volume by a factor of

Consider the sine of any angle between 30° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the sine of the angle?

It would increase but be less than double

A car is moving in the positive direction along a straight highway and accelerates at a constant rate while going from point A to point B. If the acceleration is positive, increasing the speed of the car, when does the position where the average speed equals the instantaneous speed occur during the time interval from A to B? Assume the time interval is T.

T/2 from the start of the interval

When we add a displacement vector to another displacement vector, the result is

another displacement

A car is initially moving at 20 m/s east, and a little while later it is moving at 10 m/s north. Which of the following best describes the orientation of the average acceleration during this time interval?

north of west

A strobe photograph shows equally-spaced images of a car moving along a straight road. If the time intervals between images is constant, which of the following cannot be positive?

the acceleration of the car

Since 1983 the standard meter has been defined in terms of which of the following?

the distance light travels in a certain fraction of a second

A boat moves through the water in a river at a speed of 8 m/s relative to the water. The boat makes a trip downstream and then makes a return trip upstream to the original starting place. Which trip takes longer?

the upstream trip

If a is acceleration, v is velocity, x is position, and t is time, then which equation is not dimensionally correct?

v=a/t

Which type of quantity is characterized by both magnitude and direction?

vector

Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?

velocity

Human reaction time is usually about 0.18 s. If your lab partner holds a ruler between your finger and thumb and releases it without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it? The nearest value is

16cm

A ball is pushed with an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s. The ball rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration of 1.7 m/s2. The ball reaches the bottom of the hill in 7.0 s. What is the ball's velocity at the bottom of the hill?

16m/s

When three vectors are added graphically and form a closed triangle, the largest enclosed angle between any two of the vectors cannot be greater than

180 degrees

Multiplying a 2-significant-figure number by a 4-significant-figure number and then dividing the product by a seven-significant-figure number yields a number with how many significant figures?

Modern electroplaters can cover a surface area of 75.0 m2 with one troy ounce of gold (volume = 1.611 cm3). What is the thickness of the electroplated gold?

2.15E-8 m

Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when multiplying the following: 15.0 × 5.6 × 2.33?

200

Sphere A has a radius of 5.00 cm, and sphere B has a radius of 8.80 cm. What is the difference in volume between the two spheres?

2330cm^3

If point A is located at coordinates (-10, 7) and point B is located at coordinates (8, -8), what is the distance from A to B if the units of the coordinated system are meters?

23m

A fireman, 57.6 m away from a burning building, directs a stream of water from a fire hose at an angle of 35.2° above the horizontal. If the initial speed of the stream is 42.7 m/s, at what height will the stream of water strike the building?

27.3 m

When a drag strip vehicle reaches a velocity of 65.0 m/s, it begins a negative acceleration by releasing a drag chute and applying its brakes. While reducing its velocity back to zero, its acceleration along a straight-line path is a constant −7.10 m/s2. What displacement does it undergo during this deceleration period?

298 m

Suppose a particle is moving along a straight line with a speed v for a time t, then stops for a time t, and then resumes moving along the original direction with speed v for time t. What has been the average speed of the particle for the total time period 3t?

2v/3

A speeding car traveling at a constant velocity of v passes a police car initially at rest beside the roadway. If the police car with constant acceleration of a immediately pursues the speeding car, how long is it before the police car is directly behind the speeding car?

2v/a

Assume when using a meter stick measuring can be done so that the last significant figure is in the tenth of a millimeter digit. If you are measuring an object with length between 8 and 9 cm, how many significant figures will result if you only use the part of the meter stick between the 82-cm and 93-cm positions?

The length and width of a standard sheet of paper is measured, and then the area is found by calculation to be 91.50 in.2. The number of significant figures in the width measurement must be at least

A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 25 m in 15 s. What is the final velocity after 15 s?

3.3 m/s

The information on a one-gallon paint can is that the coverage, when properly applied, is 440 ft2. One gallon is 231 in3. What is the average thickness of the paint in such an application?

3.6E-3 in

Vector is 5 m long and vector is 12 m long. The length of the sum of the vectors must be:

some value from 7m to 17m

Changing the positive direction in a reference frame to the opposite direction does not change the sign of which of the following quantities?

speed

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

temperature

If the displacement of an object, x, is related to velocity, v, according to the relation x = Av, the constant, A, has the dimension of which of the following?

time

In mechanics, physicists use three basic quantities to derive additional quantities. Mass is one of the three quantities. What are the other two?

length & time

A ball of relatively low density is thrown upwards. Because of air resistance the acceleration while traveling upwards is −10.8 m/s2. On its trip downward the resistance is in the opposite direction, and the resulting acceleration is −8.8 m/s2. When the ball reaches the level from which it was thrown, how does its speed compare to that with which it was thrown?

It is less than the original speed upward

In one-dimensional motion, the average speed of an object that moves from one place to another and then back to its original place has which of the following properties?

It is positive

Consider the cosine of any angle between 35° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the cosine of the angle.

It would decrease to less than half its original value.

Suppose an equation relating position, x, to time, t, is given by x = bt3 + ct4, where b and c are constants. The dimensions of band c are respectively:

L/T^3, L/T^4

Areas always have dimensions ____ while volumes always have dimensions ____.

L2, L3

If the displacement of an object is given in SI units by Δx = −3t + 4t 2, at t = 2 s its velocity and acceleration are, respectively:

positive, positive

Vector is 2 m long, and vector is 5 m long. The length of the sum of the vectors must be

some value from 3m to 7m

Starting from rest, a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a1 for a time t1, then the acceleration is changed to a different constant value a2 for an additional time t2. The total elapsed time is t1 + t2. Can the equations of kinematics be used to find the total distance traveled?

Yes, break the problem up into 2 problems, one with the conditions for the first time interval and the other with the conditions for the second time interval, noting that for the second time interval the initial velocity is that from the end of the first time interval. When done, add the distances from each of the time intervals.

A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point does the magnitude of the vertical component of velocity have its minimum value? (air resistance is negligible)

at the top of the trajectory

On a position-versus-time graph, the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that are separated in time by the interval Δt, is which of the following quantities?

average velocity

When was the existence of the neutron confirmed?

in 1932

Of vectors with lengths 5 m, 3 m, and 4 m, which has the greatest magnitude x component?

it could be any of the three

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