Physics Final Exam Concept

D) mg(sin 0)

10. A simple pendulum consists of a ball of mass m suspended from the ceiling using a string of length L. The ball is displaced from its equilibrium position by a small angle . What is the magnitude of the restoring force that moves the ball toward its equilibrium position and produces simple harmonic motion? A) kx B) mg C) mg(cos 0) D) mg(sin 0) E) mgL(sin 0)

D) the driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the system.

10. Complete the following sentence: Resonance occurs in harmonic motion when: A) the system is overdamped. B) the system is critically damped. C) the energy in the system is a minimum. D) the driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the system. E) the energy in the system is proportional to the square of the motion's amplitude.

D) The object's velocity is zero when its acceleration is a maximum.

10. Which one of the following statements is true concerning an object executing simple harmonic motion? A) The object's velocity is never zero. B) The object's acceleration is never zero. C) The object's velocity and acceleration are simultaneously zero. D) The object's velocity is zero when its acceleration is a maximum. E) The object's maximum acceleration is equal to its maximum velocity.

A) critically damped

10. Which one of the following terms is used to describe a system in which the degree of damping is just enough to stop the system from oscillating? A) critically damped B) underdamped C) slightly damped Adam notices that the The moment What is the D) overdamped E) resonance

A) Pascal's principle.

11. Complete the following sentence: The operation of a hydraulic jack is an application of: A) Pascal's principle. B) Bernoulli's principle. C) Archimedes' principle. D) irrotational flow. E) the continuity equation.

E) The horizontal distance of the water behind the two dams does not determine the force on them.

11. The two dams are identical with the exception that the water reservoir behind dam A extends twice the horizontal distance behind it as that of dam B. Which one of the following statements regarding these dams is correct? A) The force exerted by the water on dam A is greater than that on dam B. B) The force exerted by the water on dam B is greater than that on dam A. C) Dam A is more likely to collapse than dam B if the water level rises. D) Dam B is more likely to collapse than dam A if the water level rises. E) The horizontal distance of the water behind the two dams does not determine the force on them.

B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight.

2. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. The ball rises to some maximum height and falls back toward the surface of the earth. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true if air resistance is neglected? A) As the ball rises, its acceleration vector points upward. B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight. C) The acceleration of the ball is zero when the ball is at its highest point. D) The speed of the ball is negative while the ball falls back toward the earth. E) The velocity and acceleration of the ball always point in the same direction.

E) The average velocity of the car is 90.0 miles per hour in the direction of motion.

2. A car travels in a straight line covering a total distance of 90.0 miles in 60.0 minutes. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of the car is constant. B) The acceleration of the car must be non-zero. C) The first 45 miles must have been covered in 30.0 minutes. D) The speed of the car must be 90.0 miles per hour throughout the entire trip. E) The average velocity of the car is 90.0 miles per hour in the direction of motion.

D) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity.

2. An object moving along a straight line is decelerating. Which of the following statements concerning the object's acceleration is necessarily true? A) The value of the acceleration is positive. B) The direction of the acceleration is in the same direction as the displacement. C) An object that is decelerating has a negative acceleration. D) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity. E) The acceleration changes as the object moves along the line.

D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant.

2. Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At the same instant, ball b is thrown downward; and ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement concerning the balls after their release is necessarily true if air resistance is neglected? A) At some instant after it is thrown, the acceleration of ball C is zero. B) All three balls strike the ground at the same time. C) All three balls have the same velocity at any instant. D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant. E) All three balls reach the ground with the same velocity.

B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane.

2. For which one of the following situations will the path length equal the magnitude of the displacement? A) A toy train is traveling around a circular track. B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane. C) A train travels 5 miles east before it stops. It then travels 2 miles west. D) A ball rises and falls after being thrown straight up from the earth's surface. E) A ball on the end of a string is moving in a vertical circle.

A) a ball rolls with constant velocity

2. In which one of the following cases is the displacement of the object directly proportional to the elapsed time? A) a ball rolls with constant velocity B) a ball at rest is given a constant acceleration C) a ball rolling with velocity vo is given a constant acceleration D) a bead falling through oil experiences a decreasing acceleration E) a rocket fired from the earth's surface experiences an increasing acceleration

D) The car travels eastward and slows down.

2. In which one of the following situations does the car have a westward acceleration? A) The car travels westward at constant speed. B) The car travels eastward and speeds up. C) The car travels westward and slows down. D) The car travels eastward and slows down. E) The car starts from rest and moves toward the east.

C) The speed of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s during each second.

2. Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s^2. Which one of the following statements accurately describes the motion of this particle? A) The particle travels 5.0 m during each second. B) The particle travels 5.0 m only during the first second. C) The speed of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s during each second. D) The acceleration of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s^2 during each second. E) The final speed of the particle will be proportional to the distance that the particle covers.

D) The slope is not constant and increases with increasing time.

2. Starting from rest, a particle that is confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s^2. Which statement concerning the slope of the position versus time graph for this particle is true? A) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s. B) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s^2. C) The slope is both constant and negative. D) The slope is not constant and increases with increasing time. E) The slope is not constant and decreases with increasing time.

E) Both cars could be accelerating at the same rate.

2. Two cars travel along a level highway. It is observed that the distance between the cars is increasing. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of each car is increasing. B) At least one of the cars has a non-zero acceleration. C) The leading car has the greater acceleration. D) The trailing car has the smaller acceleration. E) Both cars could be accelerating at the same rate.

B) Object A will travel four times as far as object B.

2. Two objects A and B accelerate from rest with the same constant acceleration. Object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B, however. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these objects at the end of their respective periods of acceleration? A) Object A will travel twice as far as object B. B) Object A will travel four times as far as object B. C) Object A will travel eight times further than object B. D) Object A will be moving four times faster than object B. E) Object A will be moving eight times faster than object B.

B) average speed

2. Which one of the following is not a vector quantity? A) acceleration B) average speed C) displacement D) average velocity E) instantaneous velocity

D. A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration.

2. Which one of the following situations is not possible? A. A body has zero velocity and non-zero acceleration. B. A body travels with a northward velocity and a northward acceleration. C. A body travels with a northward velocity and a southward acceleration. D. A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration. E. A body travels with a constant acceleration and a time-varying velocity.

D) The x-component of the velocity of the ball is the same throughout the ball's flight.

3. A baseball is hit upward and travels along a parabolic arc before it strikes the ground. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) The acceleration of the ball decreases as the ball moves upward. B) The velocity of the ball is zero m/s when the ball is at the highest point in the arc. C) The acceleration of the ball is zero m/s2 when the ball is at the highest point in the arc. D) The x-component of the velocity of the ball is the same throughout the ball's flight. E) The velocity of the ball is a maximum when the ball is at the highest point in the arc.

C) in the same hand that threw the ball

3. A bicyclist is riding at a constant speed along a straight-line path. The rider throws a straight up to a height a few meters above her head. Ignoring air resistance, where will the ball land? A) behind the rider B) in front of the rider C) in the same hand that threw the ball D) in the opposite hand to the one that threw it E) This cannot be determined without knowing the speed of the rider and the maximum height of the ball.

B) The acceleration is 9.8 m/s^2 at all times.

3. A football is kicked at an angle with respect to the horizontal. Which one of the following statements best describes the acceleration of the football during this event if air resistance is neglected? A) The acceleration is zero m/s^2 at all times. B) The acceleration is 9.8 m/s^2 at all times. C) The acceleration is zero m/s^2 when the football has reached the highest point in its trajectory. D) The acceleration is positive as the football rises, and it is negative as the football falls. E) The acceleration starts at 9.8 m/s^2 and drops to some constant lower value as the ball approaches the ground.

E) a parabolic path

3. A passenger at rest on a flatbed train car fires a bullet straight up. The event is viewed by observers at rest on the station platform as the train moves past the platform with constant velocity. What is the trajectory of the bullet as described by the observers on the platform? A) a straight horizontal path in the direction of the train's velocity B) a straight vertical path up and down C) a circular path centered on the gun D) a straight diagonal path E) a parabolic path

E) The elevator could be moving upward at constant speed.

4. A man stands on a spring scale in a moving elevator and notices that the scale reading is 20% larger than when he weighs himself in his bathroom. Which statement can not be true? A) The tension in the supporting cable must exceed the weight of the elevator and its contents. B) The speed of the elevator changes by equal amounts in equal times. C) The elevator could be moving upward with increasing speed. D) The elevator could be moving downward with decreasing speed. E) The elevator could be moving upward at constant speed.

C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock.

4. A rock is suspended from a string and moves downward at constant speed. Which statement is true concerning the tension in the string if air resistance is ignored? A) The tension is zero newtons. B) The tension points downward. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock.

B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock.

4. A rock is suspended from a string; and it accelerates downward. Which one of the following statements concerning the tension in the string is true? A) The tension points downward. B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is independent of the magnitude of the rock's acceleration.

D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock.

4. A rock is suspended from a string; and it accelerates upward. Which statement is true concerning the tension in the string? A) The tension points downward. B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is independent of the magnitude of the rock's acceleration.

D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock.

4. A rock is suspended from a string; and it moves downward at constant speed. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the tension in the string if air resistance is not ignored? A) The tension is zero newtons. B) The tension points downward. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock.

A) Her mass is equal to her mass on earth.

4. An astronaut orbits the earth in a space capsule whose height above the earth is equal to the earth's radius. How does the mass of the astronaut in the capsule compare to her mass on the earth? A) Her mass is equal to her mass on earth. B) Her mass is approximately equal to one-fourth her mass on earth. C) Her mass is approximately equal to one-half of her mass on earth. D) Her mass is approximately equal to one-third of her mass on earth. E) Her mass is approximately equal to one-sixteenth her mass on earth.

B) Her weight is approximately equal to one-fourth her weight on earth.

4. An astronaut orbits the earth in a space capsule whose height above the earth is equal to the earth's radius. How does the weight of the astronaut in the capsule compare to her weight on the earth? A) Her weight is equal to zero newtons. B) Her weight is approximately equal to one-fourth her weight on earth. C) Her weight is approximately equal to one-half of her weight on earth. D) Her weight is approximately equal to one-third of her weight on earth. E) Her weight is approximately equal to one-sixteenth her weight on earth.

D) The final velocity of the object is directed north of east.

4. An object moves due east at constant speed. A net force directed due north then acts on the object for 5.0 s. At the end of the 5.0-second period, the net force drops to zero newtons. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) The object will be moving eastward when the force drops to zero newtons. B) The change in the velocity of the object is directed north of west. C) The direction of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially moving. D) The final velocity of the object is directed north of east. E) The magnitude of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially moving.

A) Newton's first law of motion is valid.

4. Complete the following statement: An inertial reference frame is one in which: A) Newton's first law of motion is valid. B) the inertias of objects within the frame are zero. C) the frame is accelerating. D) the acceleration due to gravity is greater than zero m/s^2. E) Newton's second law of motion is not valid.

E. the quantity that changes the velocity of an object.

4. Complete the following statement: The term net force most accurately describes: A) the mass of an object. B) the inertia of an object. C) the quantity that causes a displacement. D) the quantity that keeps an object moving. E) the quantity that changes the velocity of an object.

B) The force will be one-ninth as great.

4. Two point masses m and M are separated by a distance d. If the distance between the masses is increased to 3d, how does the gravitational force between them change? A) The force will be one-third as great. B) The force will be one-ninth as great. C) The force will be three times as great. D) The force will be nine times as great. E) It is impossible to determine without knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d

D) The force will be nine times as great.

4. Two point masses m and M are separated by a distance d. If the separation d remains fixed and the masses are increased to the values 3m and 3M respectively, how does the gravitational force between them change? A) The force will be one-third as great. B) The force will be one-ninth as great. C) The force will be three times as great. D) The force will be nine times as great. E) It is impossible to determine without knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d.

D) The magnitude of the gravitational force depends on their masses.

4. Two satellites of different masses are in the same circular orbit around the earth. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the magnitude of the gravitational force that acts on each of them? A) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for both satellites. B) The magnitude of the gravitational force is the same for both satellites, but not zero newtons. C) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for one, but not for the other. D) The magnitude of the gravitational force depends on their masses. E) The magnitude of the gravitational force varies from point to point in their orbits.

A) If the object is either at rest or moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium.

4. Under what condition(s) will an object be in equilibrium? A) If the object is either at rest or moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium. B) If the object is either moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium. C) Only if the object is at rest can it be in equilibrium. D) Only if the object is moving with constant velocity can it be in equilibrium. E) Only if the object is moving with constant acceleration can it be in equilibrium.

C) 24.5 N

4. What is the weight of a 2.50-kg bag of sand on the surface of the earth? A) 2.50 N B) 9.80 N C) 24.5 N D) 49.0 N E) 98.0 N

B) The masses and radii of Mars and Earth are not the same.

4. Which one of the following statements best explains why the weight of an object of mass m is different on Mars than it is on the Earth? A) The mass of Mars is different from that of Earth. B) The masses and radii of Mars and Earth are not the same. C) The mass m is further from the Earth's center when it is on Mars. D) The constant G is different on Mars. E) The mass m will be different on Mars.

C) The value of G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of g is not.

4. Which one of the following statements concerning the two "gravitational constants" G, the universal gravitational constant, and g the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is true? A) The values of g and G depend on location. B) The values of g and G do not depend on location. C) The value of G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of g is not. D) The value of g is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of G is not. E) The values of g and G are equal on the surface of any planet, but in general, G varies with location in the universe.

B. inertia

4. Which one of the following terms is used to indicate the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line? A) velocity B) inertia C) acceleration D) equilibrium E) force

A. newton

4. With one exception, each of the following units can be used to express mass. What is the exception? A) newton B) slug C) gram D) N•s2/m E) kilogram

A) The net force is equal to the weight of the rock.

4.. A rock is thrown straight up from the earth's surface. Which of the following statements concerning the net force acting on the rock at the top of its path is true? A) The net force is equal to the weight of the rock. B) The net force is instantaneously equal to zero newtons. C) The direction of the net force changes from up to down. D) The net force is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The net force is less than the weight of the rock, but greater than zero newtons.

E) keeping the speed fixed and decreasing the radius by a factor of 4.

5. A ball is whirled on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius R at constant speed v. Complete the following statement: The centripetal acceleration of the ball can be increased by a factor of 4 by: A) keeping the speed fixed and increasing the radius by a factor of 4. B) keeping the radius fixed and increasing the speed by a factor of 4. C) keeping the radius fixed and increasing the period by a factor of 4. D) keeping the radius fixed and decreasing the period by a factor of 4. E) keeping the speed fixed and decreasing the radius by a factor of 4.

D) The magnitude of the tension increases to four times its original value, 4F.

5. A boy is whirling a stone around his head by means of a string. The string makes one complete revolution every second; and the magnitude of the tension in the string is F. The boy then speeds up the stone, keeping the radius of the circle unchanged, so that the string makes two complete revolutions every second. What happens to the tension in the sting? A) The magnitude of the tension is unchanged. B) The magnitude of the tension reduces to half of its original value, F/2. C) The magnitude of the tension increases to twice its original value, 2F. D) The magnitude of the tension increases to four times its original value, 4F. E) The magnitude of the tension reduces to one-fourth of its original value, F/4.

D) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 3.

5. A rock is whirled on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius R with a constant period T. If the radius of the circle is reduced to R/3, while the period remains T, what happens to the centripetal acceleration of the rock? A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same. B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 3. C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 9. D) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 3. E) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 9.

C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 4.

5. A solar-powered car is traveling at constant speed around a circular track. What happens to the centripetal acceleration of the car if the speed is doubled? A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same. B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 2. C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 4. D) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor of one-half. E) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor of one-fourth.

C) The spaceship is in free fall and its floor cannot press upwards on the astronauts.

5. A spaceship is in orbit around the earth at an altitude of 12 000 miles. Which of the following statements best explains why the astronauts experience "weightlessness?" A) The centripetal force of the earth on the astronaut in orbit is zero newtons. B) The pull of the earth on the spaceship is canceled by the pull of the other planets. C) The spaceship is in free fall and its floor cannot press upwards on the astronauts. D) The force of gravity decreases as the inverse square of the distance from the earth's center. E) The force of the earth on the spaceship and the force of the spaceship on the earth cancel because they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

A) the mass of the car.

5. Complete the following statement: The maximum speed at which a car can safely negotiate a frictionless banked curve depends on all of the following except: A) the mass of the car. B) the angle of banking. C) the diameter of the curve. D) the radius of the curve. E) the acceleration due to gravity.

D) the coefficient of kinetic friction between the road and the tires.

5. Complete the following statement: The maximum speed at which a car can safely negotiate an unbanked curve depends on all of the following factors except: A) the diameter of the curve. B) the acceleration due to gravity. C) the coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires. D) the coefficient of kinetic friction between the road and the tires. E) the ratio of the static frictional force between the road and the tires and the normal force exerted on the car.

E) elastic spring force

6. Which one of the following choices is an example of a conservative force? A) tension B) normal force C) static frictional force D) motor propulsion force E) elastic spring force

C) kinetic frictional force

6. Which one of the following choices is an example of a non-conservative force? A) gravitational force B) electrical force C) kinetic frictional force D) elastic spring force

E) The centripetal force is always perpendicular to the velocity.

5. The Earth exerts the necessary centripetal force on an orbiting satellite to keep it moving in a circle at constant speed. Which one of the following statements best explains why the speed of the satellite does not change although there is a net force exerted on it? A) The satellite is in equilibrium. B) The acceleration of the satellite is zero m/s^2. C) The centripetal force has magnitude mv^2/r. D) The centripetal force is canceled by the reaction force. E) The centripetal force is always perpendicular to the velocity.

E) the horizontal component of the normal force

5. Which force is responsible for holding a car in a frictionless banked curve? A) the reaction force to the car's weight. B) the vertical component of the car's weight C) the vertical component of the normal force D) the horizontal component of the car's weight E) the horizontal component of the normal force

B) the force of friction

5. Which force is responsible for holding a car in an unbanked curve? A) the car's weight B) the force of friction C) the reaction force to the car's weight D) the vertical component of the normal force E) the horizontal component of the normal force

B) The kinetic energy increases by equal amounts over equal distances.

6. A block is dropped from a high tower and is falling freely under the influence of gravity. Which one of the following statements is true concerning this situation? Neglect air resistance. A) As the block falls, the net work done by all of the forces acting on the block is zero joules. B) The kinetic energy increases by equal amounts over equal distances. C) The kinetic energy of the block increases by equal amounts in equal times. D) The potential energy of the block decreases by equal amounts in equal times. E) The total energy of the block increases by equal amounts over equal distances.

E) The work done on the object by gravity is zero joules.

6. A donkey pulls a crate up a rough, inclined plane at constant speed. Which of the following statements concerning this situation is false? A) The gravitational potential energy of the crate is increasing. B) The net work done by all the forces acting on the crate is zero joules. C) The work done on the crate by the normal force of the plane is zero joules. D) The donkey does "positive" work in pulling the crate up the

D) The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases.

6. A rock is thrown straight up from the surface of the Earth. Which one of the following statements describes the energy transformation of the rock as it rises? Neglect air resistance. A) The total energy of the rock increases. B) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases. C) Both the potential energy and the total energy of the rock increase. D) The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases. E) Both the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the rock remain the same.

E) The net work done by the two forces is zero joules.

6. An elevator supported by a single cable descends a shaft at a constant speed. The only forces acting on the elevator are the tension in the cable and the gravitational force. Which one of the following statements is true? A) The magnitude of the work done by the tension force is larger than that done by the gravitational force. B) The magnitude of the work done by the gravitational force is larger than that done by the tension force. C) The work done by the tension force is zero joules. D) The work done by the gravitational force is zero joules. E) The net work done by the two forces is zero joules.

D) the work it does on the object is independent of the path of the motion.

6. Complete the following statement: A force that acts on an object is said to be conservative if: A) it obeys Newton's laws of motion. B) it results in a change in the object's kinetic energy. C) it always acts in the direction of motion of the object. D) the work it does on the object is independent of the path of the motion. E) the work it does on the object is equal to the increase in the object's kinetic energy.

E. watt

6. Complete the following statement: Work may be expressed using all of the following units except: A) N x m. B) joule. C) erg. D) ft x lb. E) watt.

D) A box is pulled across a rough floor at constant velocity.

6. In which one of the following situations is zero net work done? a) A ball rolls down an inclined plane. B) A physics student stretches a spring. C) A projectile falls toward the surface of Earth. D) A box is pulled across a rough floor at constant velocity. E) A child pulls a toy across a rough surface causing it to accelerate.

B) A ball starts from rest and freely rolls downhill.

6. In which one of the following situations will there be an increase in kinetic energy? A) A projectile approaches its maximum height. B) A ball starts from rest and freely rolls downhill. C) A box is pulled across a rough floor at constant speed. D) A satellite travels in a circular orbit around the earth at fixed altitude. E) A stone at the end of a string is whirled in a horizontal circle at constant speed.

B) a girl jumps down from a bed

6. In which one of the following systems is there a decrease in gravitational potential energy? A) a boy stretches a horizontal spring B) a girl jumps down from a bed C) a crate rests at the bottom of an inclined plane D) a car ascends a steep hill E) water is forced upward through a pipe

B) The lighter one has one half as much kinetic energy as the other does.

6. Two balls of equal size are dropped from the same height from the roof of a building. One ball has twice the mass of the other. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare? A) The lighter one has one fourth as much kinetic energy as the other does. B) The lighter one has one half as much kinetic energy as the other does. C) The lighter one has the same kinetic energy as the other does. D) The lighter one has twice as much kinetic energy as the other does. E) The lighter one has four times as much kinetic energy as the other does.

D) the earth moving in its orbit around the sun

6. Which one of the following has the largest kinetic energy? A) a raindrop falling. B) a woman swimming. C) a jet airplane flying at its maximum speed. D) the earth moving in its orbit around the sun. E) the space shuttle orbiting the Earth.

D) watt

6. Which one of the following is not a unit of energy? A) foot x pound B) kilowatt x hour C) newton x meter D) watt E) joule

C) a satellite in geosynchronous orbit

6. Which one of the following situations is an example of an object with a non-zero kinetic energy? A) a drum of diesel fuel on a parked truck B) a stationary pendulum C) a satellite in geosynchronous orbit D) a car parked at the top of a hill E) a boulder resting at the bottom of a cliff

C) Kinetic energy is always positive.

6. Which one of the following statements concerning kinetic energy is true? A) Kinetic energy can be measured in watts. B) Kinetic energy is always equal to the potential energy. C) Kinetic energy is always positive. D) Kinetic energy is a quantitative measure of inertia. E) Kinetic energy is directly proportional to velocity.

B) mv/t

7. A baseball of mass m, initially at rest, is struck by a bat so that it acquires a speed v. represents the duration of the collision between the bat and the ball, which one of the following expressions determines the magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball? A) (1/2)mv^2 B) mv/t C) (1/2)mv^2t D) mt^2/(2v) E) mvt

A) The rock will gain an equal amount of momentum during each second.

7. A rock is dropped from a high tower and falls freely under the influence of gravity. Which one of the following statements concerning the rock as it falls is true? Neglect the effects of air resistance. A) The rock will gain an equal amount of momentum during each second. B) The rock will gain an equal amount of kinetic energy during each second. C) The rock will gain an equal amount of speed for each meter through which it falls. D) The rock will gain an equal amount of momentum for each meter through which it falls. E) The amount of momentum the rock gains will be proportional to the amount of potential energy that it loses.

B) It is 1/2 the original kinetic energy of the sled.

7. A sled of mass m is coasting on the icy surface of a frozen river. While it is passing under a bridge, a package of equal mass m is dropped straight down and lands on the sled (without causing any damage). The sled plus the added load then continue along the original line of motion. How does the kinetic energy of the (sled + load) compare with the original kinetic energy of the sled?

D) The vector sum of the linear momenta of the fragments must be zero.

7. A stationary bomb explodes in space breaking into a number of small fragments. At the location of the explosion, the net force due to gravity is zero newtons. Which one of the following statements concerning this event is true? A) Kinetic energy is conserved in this process. B) All of the fragments must have equal kinetic energies. C) The sum of the kinetic energies of the fragments must be zero. D) The vector sum of the linear momenta of the fragments must be zero. E) The mass of any one fragment must be equal to the mass of any other fragment

E) The bag increases the amount of time during which the momentum is changing and reduces the average force on the person.

7. A stunt person jumps from the roof of a tall building, but no injury occurs because the person lands on a large, air-filled bag. Which one of the following best describes why no injury occurs? A) The bag provides the necessary force to stop the person. B) The bag reduces the impulse to the person. C) The bag increases the amount of time the force acts on the person and reduces the change in momentum. D) The bag decreases the amount of time during which the momentum is changing and reduces the average force on the person. E) The bag increases the amount of time during which the momentum is changing and reduces the average force on the person.

C) The smaller fragment will have twice the speed of the larger fragment.

7. An object of mass 3m, initially at rest, explodes breaking into two fragments of mass m and 2m, respectively. Which one of the following statements concerning the fragments after the explosion is true? A) They will fly off at right angles. B) They will fly off in the same direction. C) The smaller fragment will have twice the speed of the larger fragment. D) The larger fragment will have twice the speed of the smaller fragment. E) The smaller fragment will have four times the speed of the larger fragment.

E) the total kinetic energy is conserved.

7. Complete the following statement: A collision is elastic if: A) the final velocities are zero. B) the objects stick together. C) the final kinetic energy is zero. D) the final momentum is zero. E) the total kinetic energy is conserved.

A) kinetic energy conservation.

7. Complete the following statement: Different types of collisions between interacting bodies are categorized on the basis of: A) kinetic energy conservation. B) mechanical energy. conservation. C) linear momentum conservation. D) the magnitude of the forces involved. E) the temporal duration of the collision.

D) the net external force acting on the two-body system is zero.

7. Complete the following statement: Momentum will be conserved in a two-body collision only if: A) both bodies come to rest. B) the collision is perfectly elastic. C) the kinetic energy of the system is conserved. D) the net external force acting on the two-body system is zero. E) the internal forces of the two body system cancel in action-reaction pairs.

E) A tree limb is struck by lightning and falls to the ground.

7. In which one of the following situations is linear momentum not conserved? A) A bomb suspended by a string explodes into one hundred fragments. B) A bowling ball collides with a set of ten pins. C) A golf ball is struck by a club. D) An astronaut floating in space throws a hammer away and subsequently moves in the opposite direction. E) A tree limb is struck by lightning and falls to the ground.

B) The kinetic energy of each object is the same before and after the collision.

7. Two objects constitute an isolated system. In an elastic collision between the two objects, which one of the following statements is a false statement? A) The total kinetic energy is conserved. B) The kinetic energy of each object is the same before and after the collision. C) The total momentum is conserved. D) The magnitude of the force exerted by each object on the other object is equal. E) The total kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision.

E) Their velocities may be zero.

7. Two objects of equal mass traveling toward each other with equal speeds undergo a head on collision. Which one of the following statements concerning their velocities after the collision is necessarily true? A) They will exchange velocities. B) Their velocities will be reduced. C) Their velocities will be unchanged. D) Their velocities will be zero. E) Their velocities may be zero.

D) Kinetic energy is not conserved.

7. Which one of the following is characteristic of an inelastic collision? A) Total mass is not conserved. B) Total energy is not conserved. C) Linear momentum is not conserved. D) Kinetic energy is not conserved. E) The change in momentum is less than the total impulse.

E) The velocity of the center of mass of a system of objects is constant when the sum of the external forces acting on the system is zero.

7. Which one of the following statements concerning center of mass is true? A) All of an object's mass is located at its center of mass. B) The center of mass of an object must be located within the object. C) The center of mass of a system of objects cannot change even if there are forces acting on the objects. D) The velocity of the center of mass of a system of objects is greatly affected by a collision of objects within the system. E) The velocity of the center of mass of a system of objects is constant when the sum of the external forces acting on the system is zero.

E) Momentum and impulse are measured in the same units.

7. Which one of the following statements concerning momentum is true? A) Momentum is a force. B) Momentum is a scalar quantity. C) The SI unit of momentum is kg m^2/s. D) The momentum of an object is always positive. E) Momentum and impulse are measured in the same units.

A) 1 m/s toward the shuttle.

7. While in Earth's orbit, an 80-kg astronaut carrying a 20-kg tool kit is initially drifting toward a stationary (relative to her) space shuttle at a speed of 2 m/s. If she throws the tool kit toward the shuttle with a speed of 6 m/s as seen from the shuttle, her final speed is: A) 1 m/s toward the shuttle. B) 1 m/s away from the shuttle. C) 2 m/s toward the shuttle. D) 4 m/s toward the shuttle. E) 6 m/s toward the shuttle.

C) Every point on the rim of the wheel has a different velocity.

8. A circular hula hoop rolls upright without slipping on a flat horizontal surface. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) All points on the rim of the hoop have the same speed. B) All points on the rim of the hoop have the same velocity. C) Every point on the rim of the wheel has a different velocity. D) All points on the rim of the hoop have acceleration vectors that are tangent to the hoop. E) All points on the rim of the hoop have acceleration vectors that point toward the center of the hoop.

E) The tangential acceleration depends on the change in the angular velocity.

8. A rigid body rotates about a fixed axis with a constant angular acceleration. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the tangential acceleration of any point on the body? A) The tangential acceleration is zero m/s2. B) The tangential acceleration depends on the angular velocity. C) The tangential acceleration is equal to the centripetal acceleration. D) The tangential acceleration is constant in both magnitude and direction. E) The tangential acceleration depends on the change in the angular velocity.

B) angular velocity

8. A satellite follows a circular path with constant speed around a planet. following quantities is constant and non-zero for this satellite? A) linear velocity B) angular velocity C) centripetal acceleration D) angular acceleration E) total acceleration

E) There is no slipping at the point where the wheel touches the surface on which it is rolling.

8. Which one of the following statements concerning a wheel undergoing rolling motion is true? A) The angular acceleration of the wheel must be zero m/s2. B) The tangential velocity is the same for all points on the wheel. C) The linear velocity for all points on the rim of the wheel is non-zero. D) The tangential velocity is the same for all points on the rim of the wheel. E) There is no slipping at the point where the wheel touches the surface on which it is rolling.

D) angular momentum

9. A compact disc rotates about its center at constant angular speed. Which one of the following quantities is constant and non-zero for a dust particle near the edge of the disc? A) linear velocity B) torque about the center of the disc C) centripetal acceleration D) angular momentum E) angular acceleration

B) the block will reach the bottom first.

9. A hollow cylinder of mass M and radius R rolls down an inclined plane. A block of mass, M, easily slides down an identical inclined plane. Complete the following statement: If both objects are released at the same time from the top of their inclined planes, A) the cylinder will reach the bottom first. B) the block will reach the bottom first. C) the block will reach the bottom with the greater kinetic energy. D) the cylinder will reach the bottom with the greater kinetic energy. E) both the block and the cylinder will reach the bottom at the same time.

A) The solid sphere will reach the bottom first.

9. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere each of mass M and radius R are released at the same time from the top of an inclined plane. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) The solid sphere will reach the bottom first. B) The hollow sphere will reach the bottom first. C) Both spheres will reach the bottom at the same time. D) The solid sphere will reach the bottom with the greater kinetic energy. E) The hollow sphere will reach the bottom with the greater kinetic energy

B) The star's angular momentum remains constant.

9. A spinning star begins to collapse under its own gravitational pull. Which one of the following occurs as the star becomes smaller? A) The star's angular velocity decreases. B) The star's angular momentum remains constant. C) The star's angular momentum increases. D) The star's angular velocity remains constant. E) Both the star's angular momentum and its angular velocity remain constant.

D) if it is either at rest or moving with constant velocity.

9. Complete the following statement: A body is in translational equilibrium: A) only if it is at rest. B) only if it is moving with constant velocity. C) only if it is moving with constant acceleration. D) if it is either at rest or moving with constant velocity. E) if it is moving with either constant velocity or constant acceleration.

E) change in angular velocity.

9. Complete the following statement: When a net torque is applied to a rigid object, it always produces a: A) constant acceleration. B) rotational equilibrium. C) constant angular velocity. D) constant angular momentum. E) change in angular velocity.

C) the hoop

9. Consider the following four objects: a hoop, a flat disk, a solid sphere, and a hollow sphere. Each of the objects has mass M and radius R. The axis of rotation passes through the center of each object, and is perpendicular to the plane of the hoop and the plane of the flat disk. Which of these objects requires the largest torque to give it the same angular acceleration? A) the solid sphere B) the hollow sphere C) the hoop D) the flat disk E) both the solid and the hollow spheres

A) The moment of inertia of A is one-fourth that of B.

9. Two uniform solid spheres, A and B have the same mass. The radius of sphere B is twice that of sphere A. The axis of rotation passes through each sphere. Which one of the following statements concerning the moments of inertia of these spheres is true? A) The moment of inertia of A is one-fourth that of B. B) The moment of inertia of A is one-half that of B. C) The moment of inertia of A is 5/4 that of B. D) The moment of inertia of A is 5/2 that of B. E) The two spheres have equal moments of inertia.

C) Her moment of inertia decreases causing her to speed up.

9. What happens when a spinning ice skater draws in her outstretched arms? A) Her angular momentum decreases. B) Her angular momentum increases. C) Her moment of inertia decreases causing her to speed up. D) Her moment of inertia decreases causing her to slow down. E) The torque that she exerts increases her moment of inertia.

B) I depends on the angular acceleration of the object as it rotates.

9. Which one of the following statements concerning the moment of inertia I is false? A) I may be expressed in units of kg x m^2. B) I depends on the angular acceleration of the object as it rotates. C) I depends on the location of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. D) I depends on the orientation of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. E) Of the particles that make up an object, the particle with the smallest mass may contribute the greatest amount to I.

E) It is the point from which the torque produced by the weight of the object can be calculated.

9. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the center of gravity of an object? A) It is the point where gravity acts on the object. B) It is the point where all the mass is concentrated. C) It must be experimentally determined for all objects. D) It is the point on the object where all the weight is concentrated. E) It is the point from which the torque produced by the weight of the object can be calculated.