Physics Final
How much force is required to keep a 2-kg object moving to the right with a constant speed of 6.0 m/s? 0 N 3.0 N 0.33 N 12.0 N
0 N
Which is the correct metric relationship between grams (g) and micrograms (µg)? 1 g = 1,000,000 µg 1 g = 0.001 µg 1 g = 0.000001 µg 1 g = 100 µg
1 g = 1,000,000 µg
A trout has a mass of about 1 kg 1 g 1 mg 1 Mg
1 kg
Estimate the order of magnitude of the length of a football field. 10-1 m 102 m 104 m 106 m
10 2 m
A 100-kg fullback moving north at 3.0 m/s experiences a southward impulse of 400 N s. What is the magnitude of the final momentum of the fullback? 12 kg m/s 100 kg m/s 120 kg m/s 300 kg m/s 700 kg m/s
100 kg m/s
A 75-kg running back moving north at 2.0 m/s experiences a southward impulse of 250 N s. What is the magnitude of the final momentum of the running back? 8.0 kg m/s 100 kg m/s 150 kg m/s 200 kg m/s 400 kg m/s
100 kg m/s
A 20.0-kg object has an eastward momentum of 160 kg m/s. The object encounters an eastward impulse of 60 N s. What is the magnitude of the final velocity of the object? 3.0 m/s 5.0 m/s 8.0 m/s 11.0 m/s
11.0 m/s
Which of the following numbers contains the specified number of significant figures? 0.04300 - 5 significant figures 0.00302 - 2 significant figures 3.0650 - 4 significant figures 156000 - 3 significant figures
156000 - 3 significant figures
If you wish to convert 15 inches into cm, which conversion factor (fraction) should you multiply by? 1 inch/2.54 cm 2.54 cm/1 inch 1 inch/25.4 mm 25.4 mm/1 inch
2.54 cm/1 inch
An object possesses 45 J of total energy. A force does -25 J of work upon the object. How much energy will the object now possess? 20 J 25 J 45 J 70 J
20 J
A glass of water holds about 200 L 200 mL 200 ML 200 µL
200 mL
The specific heat capacity of copper is three times the specific heat capacity of lead. Equal masses of copper and lead are heated from room temperature to the temperature of boiling water. To achieve this, the amount of heat added to the copper is 1/9 the amount of heat added to the lead 1/3 the amount of heat added to the lead 3 times the amount of heat added to the lead 9 times the amount of heat added to the lead
3 times the amount of heat added to the lead
An object has an acceleration of 12.0 m/s 2. The net force acting on the object is tripled while the mass of the object is held constant. What will be the new acceleration? 3.0 m/s2 4.0 m/s2 15.0 m/s2 36.0 m/s2
36.0 m/s 2
A ball is thrown upward (call this positive) with a speed of approximately 50 m/s. Which of the following sets of numbers are good estimates of the ball's velocity 1 second, 2 seconds, and 3 seconds later? -10 m/s, -10 m/s, -10 m/s 60 m/s, 70 m/s, 80 m/s 50 m/s, 50 m/s, 50 m/s 40 m/s, 30 m/s, 20 m/s
40 m/s, 30 m/s, 20 m/s
A rightward force of 40.0 N is applied to a 5.0-kg object to accelerate it across a horizontal surface. The object encounters 10.0 N of friction. What is the object's acceleration? 2.0 m/s2 6.0 m/s2 8.0 m/s2 10.0 m/s2
6.0 m/s 2
An object has an acceleration of 12.0 m/s 2. The mass of the object is doubled while the net force on the object is held constant. What will be the new acceleration? 2.0 m/s2 6.0 m/s2 14.0 m/s2 24.0 m/s2
6.0 m/s 2
The force of gravity acting on objects on the moon is approximately one-sixth of their value on Earth. Joe's weight on Earth is about 600 N. Joe's mass on the moon will be approximately _____. 60 kg 100 kg 100 N 6000 N
60 kg
Which of the following unit conversions is incorrect? 183 L = 0.183 kL 84 cm = 8.4 mm 25 mg = 0.025 g 150 ms = 0.150 s
84 cm = 8.4 mm
Which of the following is true? A Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit degree A Celsius degree is the same size as a Fahrenheit degree A Celsius degree is smaller than a Fahrenheit degree The size of a degree depends on the temperature
A Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit degree
Which one of the following objects has a average velocity of 20 mi/hour? A car moves a distance of 20 miles and is 20 miles from the starting point after 4 hours. A car moves a distance of 40 miles and is 20 miles from the starting point after 1 hour. A car moves a distance of 40 miles and is 20 miles from the starting point after 2 hours. A car moves a distance of 40 miles and changes its velocity by 20 mi/hr after 1 hour.
A car moves a distance of 40 miles and is 20 miles from the starting point after 1 hour.
We describe objects to be accelerating for a few reasons. Which statement below is always true of accelerating objects? Accelerating objects are changing their speed. Accelerating objects are changing their mass. Accelerating objects are changing their velocity. Accelerating objects are changing their direction.
Accelerating objects are changing their velocity.
For which one of the following motions is the object's displacement the same as the distance that it travels? A car on a ferris wheel goes in a circle. An ant crawls across a window sill at a constant speed. A swimmer completes several laps in a swimming pool. A crow, startled by a loud sound, takes off, circles, then lands in the same spot.
An ant crawls across a window sill at a constant speed.
Two carts with masses of 0.5 kg and 2.0 kg are positioned next to one another on a low-friction track as shown below. A spring-loaded plunger is released, forcing the carts away from one another in an explosion. How does the magnitude of the force acting upon the 0.5-kg cart compare to the magnitude of the force that acts upon the 2.0-kg cart? Both carts experience the same magnitude force. The force on the 0.5-kg cart is four times the strength as the force on the 2.0-kg cart. The force on the 0.5-kg cart is one-fourth the strength as the force on the 2.0-kg cart.
Both carts experience the same magnitude force.
An object is moving down a gently sloped hill and slowing down. Which one of the following statements is true of the object? Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are decreasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is decreasing.
Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are decreasing.
Cars are equipped with crumple zones. In a front-end collision, these crumple zones are designed to intentionally fold up and crumple during the short duration of the collision. Without a crumple zone and car would tend to rebound backwards during a collision. Why does placing a crumple zone in a car contribute to the safety of the occupants? Crumple zones insure that the velocity change is greater during the collision. Crumple zones cause the collision time to be smaller and the force to be greater. Crumple zones reduce the amount of momentum change and impulse of the occupants.
Crumple zones reduce the amount of momentum change and impulse of the occupants.
Which of the following questions cannot be directly answered through experimentation? Does penicillin kill Salmonella bacteria? Is rabies caused by a virus? Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs? Can radiation cause cancer?
Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs?
Determine the net force (F net) on an object that experiences the following four forces: 40 N of downward gravity force, 40 N of upward normal force, 25 N of rightward applied force, 15 N of leftward friction force. Fnet = 0 N Fnet = 10 N Fnet = 15 N Fnet = 120 N
F net = 10 N
Determine the net force (F net) on an object that experiences the following four forces: 50 N of downward gravity force, 50 N of upward normal force, 30 N of rightward applied force, 20 N of leftward friction force. Fnet = 0 N Fnet = 10 N Fnet = 20 N Fnet = 50 N
F net = 10 N
An object that is moving to the left and changing its speed MUST have an acceleration that is directed to the left. True False
False
As you sit in your chair, you experience the force of gravitational attraction to the Earth. The Earth pulls your body downward. The reaction force to this is the chair pushes your body upwards. True False
False
Heat and temperature are the same thing. True False
False
Objects that move in a circle at a constant speed have an acceleration of 0. True False
False
The distance traveled for an object that makes a round-trip motion is always 0. True False
False
The mass of an object is the force of gravity acting upon an object. True False
False
The notion that any two objects attract each other gravitationally is only a theory. There is no empirical evidence for such a notion. True False
False
Consider the following situation: A football is traveling through the air and rising upward towards its highest point. (Ignore air resistance)Identify which of the listed forces are exerted upon the object. Select all that apply. Force of gravity Friction force Normal force Tension force
Force of gravity
Consider the following situation: A sled is coasting across the snow and slowing down.Identify which of the listed forces are exerted upon the object. Select all that apply. Force of gravity Friction force Normal force Tension force
Force of gravity Friction force Normal force
During a collision, an object experiences an impulse. How can this impulse be calculated? Impulse is calculated by multiplying force by time. Impulse is calculated by multiplying mass times velocity. Impulse is calculated by dividing velocity change by time. Impulse is calculated by multiplying mass times acceleration.
Impulse is calculated by multiplying force by time.
What property of an object describes its natural tendency to resist an acceleration? Weight Inertia Unbalanced force Shape
Inertia
What does the slope of the line on a position-time plot describe about an object's motion? It describes the acceleration value. It describes how far the object has moved. It describes how much time that object has been moving. It describes how fast and in what direction the object is moving.
It describes how fast and in what direction the object is moving.
What does the slope of the line on a velocity-time plot describe about an object's motion? It describes the acceleration value. It describes how far the object has moved. It describes how much time that object has been moving. It describes how fast and in what direction the object is moving.
It describes the acceleration value.
An object is moving along a circular path. Which one of the following adjectives describes the direction of the acceleration vector? It is directed tangent to the circular path. It is directed towards the center of the circle. It is directed away from the center of the circle. It is directed in the opposite direction that the object is moving.
It is directed towards the center of the circle.
A ball that is thrown upwards from the ground will eventually reach its highest point and fall back to the ground. Which one of the following statements comparing its initial velocity (when launched from the ground) to its final velocity (when it lands on the ground) is correct? Assume a free fall motion. Its initial velocity has the same magnitude as the final velocity. Its initial velocity has the same direction as the final velocity. Its initial velocity has a much greater magnitude than its final velocity. Its final velocity has a much greater magnitude than its initial velocity.
Its initial velocity has the same magnitude as the final velocity.
An object is moving uphill at a constant speed. Which one of the following statements is true of the object? Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are constant. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is increasing.
Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is increasing.
An object is moving horizontally at a constant speed. Which one of the following statements is true of the object? Its kinetic energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing. More information is needed
Its kinetic energy is constant.
An object is moving horizontally and slowing down. Which one of the following statements is true of the object? Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are constant. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is decreasing.
Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is constant.
A skier is moving down a hill and speeding up. Which one of the following statements is true of the skier? Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are increasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is decreasing.
Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing
A small hill is made by propping a ruler on top of a Dominoes stack. A marble rolls down the hill. Which one of the following statements is true of the marble? Both its kinetic energy and its potential energy are decreasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is constant and its potential energy is decreasing.
Its kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing.
A car is driving up a gently-sloped hill and increasing its speed. Which one of the following statements is true of the car? Its kinetic energy is constant. Its kinetic energy is increasing. Its kinetic energy is decreasing. More information is needed
Its kinetic energy is increasing.
A roller coaster car is moving along a horizontal section of track towards the loading station and slowing down to a stop. Which one of the following statements is true of the roller coaster car? Its potential energy is constant. Its potential energy is increasing. Its potential energy is decreasing. More information is needed
Its potential energy is constant.
An object is moving uphill at a constant speed. Which one of the following statements is true of the object? Its potential energy is constant. Its potential energy is increasing. Its potential energy is decreasing. More information is needed
Its potential energy is increasing.
Which is the best definition of the term kinetic energy? Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Kinetic energy is the work that an object does. Kinetic energy is the energy due to temperature. Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object due to vertical position (height).
Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion.
Which one of the following quantities describes an objectâ s tendency to resist a change in its state of motion? Volume of the object. Mass of the object. Force exerted by an object. Density of the object.
Mass of the object.
A Pascal (the SI unit of pressure) is equivalent to which of the following? kg/m N/m kg/m2 N/m2
N/m 2
Consider the description given to Object A and Object B: Object A: a 4-kg object moving at 2 m/s. Object B: a 2-kg object moving at 3 m/s. Which one of the following statements describing the two objects is true? Object A has more momentum than Object B. Object B has more momentum than Object A. Object A and Object B have the same amount of momentum.
Object A has more momentum than Object B.
Which is the best definition of the term potential energy? Potential energy is the energy due to motion. Potential energy is the work that an object does. Potential energy is the energy due to temperature. Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to vertical position (height)
Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to vertical position (height)
The net force experienced by an object is increased. What affect does this have on the acceleration of the object? The acceleration is increased. The acceleration is decreased. The acceleration is not affected by this change. The effect depends on the direction of motion.
The acceleration is increased.
How can the acceleration of an object at any given instant in time be determined from a velocity-time graph of its motion? The acceleration is the change in the vertical coordinate. The acceleration is the slope of the line at that particular time. The acceleration is the area between the line and the time axis. The acceleration is the vertical coordinate value at that particular time.
The acceleration is the slope of the line at that particular time.
How can a velocity-time graph be used to determine the acceleration of an object? The acceleration is the slope of the line on the graph. The acceleration is the area between the line on the graph and the time axis. The acceleration is the difference between the highest and lowest vertical coordinate. The acceleration is the length of the line on graph.
The acceleration is the slope of the line on the graph.
A large truck traveling at 40 mi/hr down Lake Avenue collides with a Monarch butterfly that is crossing the road. How do the forces acting upon these two objects compare to one another? The truck experiences the greater force. The butterfly experiences the greater force. The butterfly and the truck experience the same amount of force. The answer depends in the relative directions of motion
The butterfly and the truck experience the same amount of force.
One kg of air is compressed from 1 m 3 to 0.5 m 3. Which of the following statements is true? The density is doubled. The density is halved. The mass is halved. The mass is doubled.
The density is doubled.
Momentum is a vector quantity. What affects the direction of the momentum of an object? The direction that the object is moving. The direction of the net force that acts upon the object. The direction the object is moving and whether it is slowing down or speeding up. The direction that the object is accelerating.
The direction that the object is moving.
What factors must be considered in determining the direction of an object's velocity? The direction that the object is moving. Whether or not the object is accelerating. Whether the object is speeding up or slowing down. The distance and the time that the object has moved.
The direction that the object is moving.
A leftward moving object experiences a rightward and a leftward force. The object is speeding up. Which of the following statements correctly describes the forces acting upon the object? The leftward force is stronger than the rightward force. The rightward force is stronger than the leftward force. The rightward force is equal in strength to the leftward force. Nothing can be concluded about the forces.
The leftward force is stronger than the rightward force.
A ball that is thrown upwards from the ground will eventually reach its highest point and fall back to the ground. Which one of the following statements is true about the ballâ s motion? The acceleration of the ball is 0 m/s2 at the highest point. The acceleration vector is directed upward as it rises and downward as it falls. The magnitude and direction of the acceleration vector never changes. The initial acceleration is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction as the final acceleration.
The magnitude and direction of the acceleration vector never changes.
Three objects are left outside on a cold day: a cotton ball, a piece of wood, and a chunk of metal. Which of the following statements is true? The metal feels coldest, but all three are the same temperature The metal feels the coldest because it is actually colder than the others The cotton ball feels warmest because it is actually warmer than the others All three objects are the same temperature and feel the same temperature
The metal feels coldest, but all three are the same temperature
An object is moving to the left at a constant speed. What is the direction of the momentum vector? The momentum vector is directed leftward. The momentum vector is directed rightward. Momentum is not a vector. It does not have a direction. An object moving with a constant speed does not have a momentum.
The momentum vector is directed leftward.
An object is moving to the right and speeding up. What is the direction of the momentum vector? The momentum vector is directed leftward. The momentum vector is directed rightward. Momentum is not a vector. It does not have a direction. An object that is changing speed does not have a momentum.
The momentum vector is directed rightward.
A non-zero net force acts upon an object. What can be known for certain to be true of the object? The object is stationary. The object is accelerating. The object is moving with a constant speed. The object's speed must be increasing.
The object is accelerating.
Which of the following statements are true of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed? Select all that apply. The object is accelerating. The object is at equilibrium. The velocity of the object is changing. The net force experienced by the object is 0 Newtons.
The object is accelerating. The velocity of the object is changing.
Consider the graph shown below. Which of the motions is consistent with the graph? velocity vs time straight line The object is at rest for the entire time. The object is moving in the negative direction with a constant speed and a large acceleration. The object is moving in the negative direction with a constant speed and zero acceleration. The object is at rest and has a negative acceleration.
The object is moving in the negative direction with a constant speed and zero acceleration.
Consider the plot shown below (with right being the positive direction). Which of the motions is consistent with the graph? pos. vs time The object is moving to the right and speeding up. The object is moving to the left and speeding up. The object is moving to the right and slowing down. The object is moving to the left and slowing down.
The object is moving to the right and speeding up.
Consider the plot shown below (with right being the positive direction). Which of the motions is consistent with the graph? Position vs. time The object accelerates in the positive direction and then in the negative direction. The object moves upwards, reaches its peak and then falls with an acceleration. The object moves in the positive direction and then moves in the negative direction. None of these
The object moves in the positive direction and then moves in the negative direction.
A ball is dropped from the ceiling and free falls to the floor. Which one of the following statements regarding the ballâ s motion is incorrect? The velocity of the ball changes by the same amount each second that it falls. The position of the ball changes by the same amount each second that it falls. The longer that the ball has been falling, the faster that it moves. The acceleration of the ball is constant throughout the fall.
The position of the ball changes by the same amount each second that it falls.
A leftward moving object experiences a rightward and a leftward force. The object is slowing down. Which of the following statements correctly describes the forces acting upon the object? The leftward force is stronger than the rightward force. The rightward force is stronger than the leftward force. The rightward force is equal in strength to the leftward force. Nothing can be concluded about the forces.
The rightward force is stronger than the leftward force.
A rightward moving object experiences a rightward and a leftward force. The object is speeding up. Which of the following statements correctly describes the forces acting upon the object? The leftward force is stronger than the rightward force. The rightward force is stronger than the leftward force. The rightward force is equal in strength to the leftward force. Nothing can be concluded about the forces.
The rightward force is stronger than the leftward force.
A physics student sits in a chair. The chair pushes up on the student's body. Identify the other force of the interaction force pair. The student's body pushes down on the Earth. The Earth pulls down on the student's body. The student's body pulling up on the Earth. The student's body pushing down on the chair.
The student's body pushing down on the chair.
How does the free fall acceleration of a ball dropped from rest compare to the free fall acceleration of a ball that is thrown downward? The ball dropped from rest will have the smaller free fall acceleration. The two balls will have the same free fall acceleration. The ball dropped from rest will have the greater free fall acceleration. Their accelerations are unrelated.
The two balls will have the same free fall acceleration.
How does the free fall acceleration of a ball dropped from rest compare to the free fall acceleration of a ball that is thrown upward? The ball dropped from rest will have the smaller free fall acceleration. The two balls will have the same free fall acceleration. The ball dropped from rest will have the greater free fall acceleration. Their accelerations are unrelated.
The two balls will have the same free fall acceleration.
How can the velocity of an object be determined from a position-time graph of its motion? The velocity is the change in the vertical coordinates. The velocity is the change in the horizontal coordinates. The velocity is the ratio of the vertical to the horizontal coordinate for any given point. The velocity is the slope of the line on the graph.
The velocity is the slope of the line on the graph.
A fish happily swims through the water due to Newton's third law. Identify the two forces corresponding to the action-reaction pair that are responsible for the fish's motion. Select answers. The water pushes forward upon the fish's fins. The fins of the fish push backward on the water. The water moves backward and out of the way of the fish. The water pressure is greatest behind the fish than in front of it.
The water pushes forward upon the fish's fins. The fins of the fish push backward on the water.
The term heat is best defined as a measurement of the temperature of an object a process by which energy moves between or within objects an absolute amount of energy contained in an object the rate at which energy is added or removed from a system
a process by which energy moves between or within objects
How many temperature scales are in common use today? Only one; everyone uses the same scale. Two; scientists use one and everyone else uses the other. Three; one is used primarily by scientists, one is used primarily by the general population, and the third is used by either, depending on location and convenience. More than three; people all over the world use different scales depending on location, scientists tend to use just a few for consistency and ease of conversion
Three; one is used primarily by scientists, one is used primarily by the general population, and the third is used by either, depending on location and convenience.
A car is moving in such a manner that the speedometer is steadily increasing to higher and higher speeds. This is an example of acceleration. True False
True
An object can be moving to the left and have an acceleration that is directed to the right True False
True
An object can be moving to the left and have an acceleration that is directed to the right. True False
True
An object has a different weight on Earth than it would have on the moon. True False
True
An object that is moving in a circle at a constant speed is accelerating. True False
True
Which one of the oil drop diagrams describes an object that is moving to the right and slowing down?
Very spread out in the beginning and gets extremely close at end
What does work cause an object to do? Work causes an object to stop. Work causes an object to speed up. Work causes an object to change its energy. Work causes an object to change its speed.
Work causes an object to change its energy.
In a game of horseshoes, one horseshoe lands on the post. Four horseshoes land nowhere near the post. The one horseshoe on the post was thrown: accurately precisely both accurately and precisely neither accurately nor precisely
accurately
Three fishing bobbers all float on top of water. They have the following relationships: Bobbers A and B have the same mass and density, but have different shapes. Bobbers B and C have the same size and shape, but bobber C has a lower mass and density than B. Identical weights are tied to each bob, and each is pulled completely beneath the water. Which bob will displace the greatest amount of water? bobber A bobber B bobber C all displace the same amount
all displace the same amount
As people step into a small boat, the boat settles deeper into the water and the buoyant force on the boat increases the net force on boat becomes non-zero then returns to zero the pressure on the bottom of the boat from the water increases all of the above
all of the above
Five darts strike near the center of a target. The dart thrower is accurate precise both accurate and precise neither accurate nor precise
both accurate and precise
Two identical cubes of copper are given different treatments. One cube is placed on a heating pad until it has absorbed 5 kJ of heat energy. The other is dragged around a rough track until friction has done 5 kJ of work on the cube. Which cube has a higher temperature after these treatments, assuming the cubes are both insulated against other effects (such as losing or gaining heat from the environment)? the cube that was placed on the heating pad both cubes have the same temperature the cube which was heated by friction it is impossible to tell which has the higher temperature
both cubes have the same temperature
A high specific heat (such as that of water) indicates that a substance can absorb large amounts of energy without significant changes in temperature must have a high density must absorb a certain minimum amount energy before its temperature will start to change will heat quickly to a specific temperature, but is difficult to heat past that point
can absorb large amounts of energy without significant changes in temperature
A low specific heat (such as that of lead) indicates that a substance must have a high density will heat quickly to a specific temperature, but is difficult to heat past that point has a maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed, after which temperature will no longer change changes temperatures quickly, even with additions of small amounts of energy
changes temperatures quickly, even with additions of small amounts of energy
Hot cider is poured into a metal cup. Shortly thereafter the handle of the cup becomes hot. This is due to the process of radiation conduction convection reflection
conduction
As an object moves further and further from the surface of the Earth, the weight of the object _____. decreases increases remains unchanged increases for a time, then decreases
decreases
In a large tank of liquid, the gauge pressure at a given depth is a function of (select all that apply): depth surface area of the tank density of the liquid more information is needed
depth density of the liquid
A rightward moving object is coasting to a stop along a straight, level surface. The net force acting upon the object MUST be ____. zero directed rightward directed leftward ... impossible to answer without further information.
directed leftward
During the course of a demonstration the professor is called away. When he returns he finds a beaker of water that was at room temperature is now at a slightly higher temperature. There is a stirring rod on the desk and a cigarette lighter. The professor can assume that the temperature increase is due to the natural inclination of heat energy to enter liquids someone stirring the water and adding mechanical energy to the water someone using the cigarette lighter and adding heat energy to the water either heat energy (the cigarette lighter) or mechanical energy (the stirring rod) could have been used
either heat energy (the cigarette lighter) or mechanical energy (the stirring rod) could have been used
An insulated container filled with ice and water has been sitting on a lab bench for a long time. What is the temperature of the water in the container? lower than the freezing point of water equal to the freezing point of water higher than the freezing point of water the temperature cannot be determined from the information given
equal to the freezing point of water
When an object floats at the top of a liquid, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object larger than the weight of the object smaller than the weight of the object not related to the weight of the object
equal to the weight of the object
Two identical buckets are filled to the brim with water. One of the buckets has a block of wood floating in it. This makes its total weight equal to the weight of the other bucket greater than the weight of the other bucket less than the weight of the other bucket cannot be determined from the information given
equal to the weight of the other bucket
Which of the following is a possible unit for density? g mL cm3 g/mL
g/mL
Two identical buckets are filled to the brim with water. One of the buckets has a brick resting on the bottom. This makes its total weight equal to the weight of the other bucket greater than the weight of the other bucket less than the weight of the other bucket cannot be determined from the information given
greater than the weight of the other bucket
If an object has energy, then one can be certain that it ____. is moving it is at a high temperature is raised above the ground has the ability to do work on another object
has the ability to do work on another object
When compared to a less massive object, a more massive object will always _____. experience a greater unbalanced force experience a smaller unbalanced force have a greater tendency to resist changes in its state of motion have a smaller tendency to resist changes in its state of motion
have a greater tendency to resist changes in its state of motion
After working hard outside on a hot summer day, placing a towel soaked in cold water on your head can feel very good. The reason the towel feels cold to you is that low temperature heat from the towel conducts to your head, lowering your temperature. heat conducts from your head to the towel cold air radiates from the towel to your head. cold air from the towel conects to your head
heat conducts from your head to the towel
A hot air balloon rises through the surrounding air because the hot air inside the balloon exerts a greater force on the top of the balloon than the sides or bottom The hot air inside the balloon has a lower weight than an equal mass of cooler air much like an airplane wing, air rushing over the top of the balloon creates lift compared to slower air going around the sides of the balloon hotter air inside the balloon is less dense than the cooler air outside
hotter air inside the balloon is less dense than the cooler air outside
An object with mass is thought of as being surrounded by a gravitational field. The concept of the gravitational field becomes useful in explaining _____. why gravitational forces can be so large why the universal gravitation constant (G) is so big why the universal gravitation constant (G) is so small how objects can attract despite the fact that they are millions of miles away
how objects can attract despite the fact that they are millions of miles away
A steel plate has a circular hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a blast chiller and cooled. What happens to the hole as its temperature decreases? it increases in size it decreases in size it is unaffected it stretches into an ellipse
it decreases in size
An object is most likely to sink in water if _____. it has a low density it has a high density it has a large mass it has a large volume
it has a high density
A steel plate has a circular hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and heated. What happens to the hole as its temperature increases? it increases in size it decreases in size it is unaffected it stretches into an ellipse
it increases in size
A rock is held at rest, fully submerged near the surface of a deep pond. The rock is released and sinks into the pond. As a rock sinks deeper into the water, what happens to the buoyant force acting on it? it increases it remains constant it decreases it may increase or decrease, depending on the shape of the rock
it remains constant
The total mechanical energy possessed by an object is equal to ____. its kinetic energy plus potential energy its kinetic energy minus potential energy its potential energy minus kinetic energy the product of potential energy and kinetic energy
its kinetic energy plus potential energy
The best description of what a thermometer measures is the rate at which energy trasfers to (or from) the thermometer from (or to) it surroundings its own temperature, we just assume that the thermometer is the same temperature as the object or substance we're trying to measure the temperature of its surroundings the total heat energy contained in the object being measured
its own temperature, we just assume that the thermometer is the same temperature as the object or substance we're trying to measure
Which one of the following is a unit of momentum? m/s kg/s kg m/s kg m/s2
kg m/s
The SI base unit used to measure mass is the meter second kilogram liter
kilogram
The biggest difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory is that theories have many exceptions and loopholes laws are simple, very specific statements while theories are broader and more complex theories have little to no scientific support laws describe interactions and relationships between related phenomena
laws are simple, very specific statements while theories are broader and more complex
An object is moving rightward and slowing down. Its acceleration is directed _____. rightward leftward upward downward
leftward
The amount of matter or "stuff" in an object is referred to as the _____ of the object. weight force mass density
mass
Gravitational forces on the moon are approximately one-sixth of the value on Earth. What is the mass and what is the weight on the moon of a 60-kilogram student? mass = approximately 10 kilograms; weight = approximately 600 Newton mass = approximately 10 kilograms; weight = approximately 100 Newton mass = approximately 60 kilograms; weight = approximately 10 Newton mass = approximately 60 kilograms; weight = approximately 100 Newton
mass = approximately 60 kilograms; weight = approximately 100 Newton
Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest? m, cm, cc, km mm, m, cm, km km, mm, cm, m mm, cm, m, km
mm, cm, m, km
The latent heat of vaporization for water is higher than the latent heat of fusion for water. This means more energy is required to turn water at the boiling point into steam than to melt an equal mass of ice at the melting point it requires more energy to move from the freezing point to the boiling point than to move from the boiling point to the freezing point boiling water transfers heat more efficiently than ice it takes less energy to condense steam into water than to freeze an equal mass of water into ice
more energy is required to turn water at the boiling point into steam than to melt an equal mass of ice at the melting point
A leftward force acts upon an object that is moving to the right. Such a force does _____. positive work negative work no work at all More information is needed
negative work
A rightward force acts upon an object that is moving to the left. Such a force does _____. positive work negative work no work at all More information is needed
negative work
If the forces acting upon an object are balanced, then one can be certain that the object is _____. at rest not accelerating moving moving with a constant speed
not accelerating
A 60-kg object is moving at 20 m/s when a force brings the object to rest in 0.050 seconds. Suppose that the same object moving at the same speed was brought to rest in a time that was ten times longer. Stopping the object in this longer time would result in ___. ten times the force but the same impulse and momentum change one-tenth the force but the same impulse and momentum change the same force but one-tenth the impulse and one-tenth the momentum change ten times the force, ten times the impulse and ten times the momentum change one-tenth the force, one-tenth the impulse and one-tenth the momentum change
one-tenth the force but the same impulse and momentum change
A leftward force acts upon an object that is moving to the left. Such a force does _____. positive work negative work no work at all More information is needed
positive work
If some measurements agree closely with each other, but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are considered neither precise nor accurate accurate bu not precise acceptable as a new standard of accuracy precise but not accurate
precise but not accurate
According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, the force of gravitational attraction between two objects is directly proportional to the _____. product of the objects' masses the square of the masses of the objects the product of the radius of each object the square of the separation distance between the two objects
product of the objects' masses
Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer? convection radiation reflection conduction
reflection
An object is moving rightward and speeding up. Its acceleration is directed _____. rightward leftward upward downward
rightward
The air at the beach is the same temperature everywhere, but you feel cooler under a beach umbrella because the sand underneath you cools off more rapidly than the water vapor in the air the umbrella gets hot, which thereby cools off the air underneath it solar radiation is not heating up your skin a convection cell forms under the umbrella, thereby cooling you off
solar radiation is not heating up your skin
Which of the following is a case of heat transfer through convection? the warmth felt as you walk across hot sand the handle of a fireplace poker getting warm while the head sits in the fire a heat lamp used in an incubator with baby chickens steam rising from a cup of hot cocoa
steam rising from a cup of hot cocoa
Heat energy will not be transferred between two bodies that are the same temperature mass total energy density
temperature
A ball is thrown vertically upwards. After the ball is released and is moving upwards towards its peak, it slows down. During this time, ____. the ball is experiencing an unbalanced force; it is directed downwards. the ball is experiencing an unbalanced force; it is directed upwards. there are no forces whatsoever acting upon the ball. the forces acting upon the ball are balanced.
the ball is experiencing an unbalanced force; it is directed downwards.
A quiet moment during a test is interrupted as a physics book falls from a table and strikes the floor. The reaction force to the force of the Earth pulling the book downwards is ____. the force of gravity on the book the floor pushes up on the book the sound of the impact with the floor the book exerts an upward pull on the Earth
the book exerts an upward pull on the Earth
Two otherwise identical objects, one light colored and the other dark colored, are at the same cool temperature. Then, you place them outside, on a warm day, in direct sunlight. Which object will warm up faster?the light colored object they will both warm up at the same rate the dark colored object neither object will ever warm up, due to energy conservation
the dark colored object
A linebacker strikes a fullback with full force in a football game. The reaction force to the force of the linebacker striking the fullback is ____. the linebacker applies a force to himself the fullback falls backwards to the ground the fullback applies a force to the linebacker the force of the fullback colliding with the ground
the fullback applies a force to the linebacker
Three samples of steel, lead, and glass all have the same mass and are all initially at 20 °C. After 100 calories of heat are added to each sample, the final temperatures are 38.2 °C for the steel, 85.6 °C for the lead, and 30 °C for the glass. Which of these three materials has the largest specific heat capacity? the steel the lead the glass they all have the same specific heat capacity because they all absorbed 100 calories of heat energy
the glass
Two objects have the same size and shape. One is made of wood and the other of iron. When placed in a large container of an unknown liquid, the wood floats (partially submerged) and the iron sinks (fully submerged). Which of the objects experiences a larger buoyant force? the wood object the iron object both experience the same buoyant force cannot be determined without more information
the iron object
Carbon dioxide can exist at atmospheric pressure as a gas or a solid, but not a liquid. As it changes phases from solid directly to gas, the latent heat value used to calculate the energy absorbed is the sum of the latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization because it skips the liquid phase the latent heat of fusion because it starts as a solid the latent heat of sublimation because the process of changing directly from solid to gas is called sublimation the latent heat of vaporization because it ends up as a gas
the latent heat of sublimation because the process of changing directly from solid to gas is called sublimation
The significance of the word universal as used in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is that _____. the law existed since the universe began. the law explains how the universe is held together. the law explains the motion of all large objects in the universe. the law applied universally to all objects, not just to planets and the sun.
the law applied universally to all objects, not just to planets and the sun.
A common alcohol thermometer (filled with red liquid that moves up through a tube as it is heated) works because heat is a force which pushes the liquid up the tube the thermoeter's surroundings exert a pressure on the bulb of the thermometer that corresponds to the rate of energy transfer the liquid expands (up the tube) when heated and contracts (down the tube) when cooled the thermometer responds to tiny changes in atmospheric pressure that are caused by changes in temperature
the liquid expands (up the tube) when heated and contracts (down the tube) when cooled
On a hot day, a breeze feels cool because the moving air is a lower temperature than still air the moving air helps sweat evaporate better than still air, transferring more energy from our skin the air molecules impacting our skin gain energy from the heat of the skin, reducing the energy (and thus temperature) of the skin the hairs on our skin catch the breeze and transfer heat energy through friction into the air, away from the skin
the moving air helps sweat evaporate better than still air, transferring more energy from our skin
A container is filled with water (density = 1.00 g/cm 3) and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P. Then the container is emptied halfway and corn syrup is added (density = 1.40 g/cm 3), which settles to underneath the water, until the container is full again. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container now? more information is required to answer this question the new pressure is greater than P the new pressure is equal to P the new pressure is less than P
the new pressure is greater than P
A container is filled with water (density = 1.00 g/cm 3) and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil (density = 0.80 g/cm 3), which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container now? more information is required to answer this question the new pressure is greater than P the new pressure is equal to P the new pressure is less than P
the new pressure is less than P
A sled slides down a hill, reaches the level surface and eventually comes to a stop. The fact that the sled ultimately stops is best explained by ____. the presence of inertia causes it to stop the natural tendency of any object is to ultimately stop that fact that there was no force to keep the sled moving forward at a constant speed the presence of an unbalanced force (e.g., friction) that causes a moving object to stop
the presence of an unbalanced force (e.g., friction) that causes a moving object to stop
A rigid, sealed container is filled with an ideal gas and cooled. Which of the following is true? the pressure inside the container increases the pressure inside the container remains constant the pressure inside the container decreases more information is needed
the pressure inside the container decreases
A sealed container with a moveable piston for a lid is filled with an ideal gas. The container is placed in an ice bath (keeping it at a constant temperature) and the piston is pushed inward (decreasing the volume of the container). Which of the following is true? the pressure inside the container increases the pressure inside the container remains constant the pressure inside the container decreases more information is needed
the pressure inside the container increases
Several cylindrical cans of different radius and height are filled with a liquid to the same height. Which of the following statements is true? the weight of the liquid is the same for all cans the force of the liquid on the bottom of each can is the same the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of each can is the same the can with the least area on the bottom has the largest pressure on the bottom
the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of each can is the same
A golf ball is at rest on a tee when a high speed and more massive golf club collides with it. Assume that this collision between club and ball occurs in an isolated system. During the collision, the golf ball encounters ____ magnitude momentum change, compared to the club. a greater a smaller the same This cannot be determined from the information given
the same
A sample of a material, made of the same substance through the entire sample, is cut into several pieces. The density of each piece, when compared to the density of the original sample, is _____. greater the same less dependent on the size of the piece
the same
A tennis ball is loaded into a home-made cannon (more massive than the tennis ball). The reactor chamber is filled with fuel, lit and an explosion occurs. During the explosion, the tennis ball experiences ____ magnitude momentum change, compared to the cannon. a greater a smaller the same This cannot be determined from the information given
the same
In a physics lab, two carts undergo a collision on a low-friction track. Cart A has twice the mass and twice the speed of Cart B. It is assumed that the two carts collide in an isolated system. During the collision, the Cart B encounters ____ magnitude momentum change, compared to Cart A.. a greater a smaller the same This cannot be determined from the information given
the same
Two ice skaters are at rest on the ice, facing each other with their hands together. They push off on each other in order to set each other in motion. The subsequent momentum change (magnitude only) of the two skaters will be ____. the same for each skater greatest for the skater with the most mass greatest for the skater with the least mass greatest for the skater who pushes with the greatest force greatest for the skater who is pushed upon with the greatest force
the same for each skater
According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, the force of gravitational attraction between two objects is inversely proportional to the _____. product of the objects' masses the square of the masses of the objects the product of the radius of each object the square of the separation distance between the two objects
the square of the separation distance between the two objects
According to the kinetic theory, the kinetic energy stored in a sealed container of gas is most closely related to the mass of gas in the container the number of molecules in the container the temperature of the gas in the container the speed of the fastest molecules in the container
the temperature of the gas in the container
What would happen to a car if all of the molecules in the tires suddenly stopped moving? you would never have to add air to the tires again nothing would be different the tires would burst the tires would collapse
the tires would collapse
Liquid water is more dense than ice because ____. liquid water molecules have more mass than ice molecules when ice melts, the number of molecules increases the volume of the liquid increases when it freezes a chemical change occurs as the liquid freezes that decreases the mass of the molecules
the volume of the liquid increases when it freezes
Three non-mixing liquids are layered in a beaker, from top to bottom: oil, water, and mercury. Which of the following statements is true? the water is less dense than both oil and mercury the water is more dense than oil, but less dense than mercury the water is less dense than oil, but more dense than mercury the water is more dense than both the oil and the mercury
the water is more dense than oil, but less dense than mercury
If you hold a thumbtack between your thumb and index finger with the point poking your thumb, which of the following is true? there is a larger force on your thumb than on your finger there is a smaller force on your thumb than on your finger there is a larger pressure on your thumb than on your finger there is a smaller pressure on your thumb than on your finger
there is a larger pressure on your thumb than on your finger
Foam padding is often placed on walls in gymnasiums behind basketball hoops in order to protect players in possible collisions with the walls. The foam padding protects players by increasing the _____ and decreasing the _____. Pick the two words that fill in the blanks in order. impulse, time impulse, force force, time time, force momentum change, impulse
time, force
Why do physicists use models? -to explain the complex features of simple phenomena -to describe all aspects of a phenomenon -to explain the basic features of complex phenomena -to fully describe all of reality
to explain the basic features of complex phenomena
The gravitational field is a vector that has a direction. The gravitational field direction near Earth's surface at any given location is directed _____. towards the Earth's center away from the Earth's center in the direction which the object is moving in the opposite direction which the object is moving
towards the Earth's center
Which of the following is a case of heat transfer through radiation? an electric burner on a stove top warming a pot of water warmth from a fireplace a furnace heating a house (through floor or ceiling vents) a hair dryer on the high setting
warmth from a fireplace
The average density of a submerged, stationary submarine is closest to the density of water iron (what the submarine is made of) a submarine floating on the surface air (what the rooms and passages inside the submarine are filled with)
water
Which of the following statements best completes the sentence? A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top because water pressure is greatest at the bottom water is most dense at the bottom atmospheric pressure is greatest at the bottom the gauge pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
water pressure is greatest at the bottom
The force of gravity that acts upon an object is referred to as the _____ of the object. pressure weight mass inertia
weight
Which of the following is a case of heat transfer through conduction? air blowing out of a computer case your phone feels warm to the touch after charging the blast of warmth when you open your oven after baking cookies roasting marshmallows around a fire pit
your phone feels warm to the touch after charging
When you apply an alcohol swab to your skin, it feels cool because your skin transfers a bit of heat energy to the liquid alcohol and the alcohol evaporates the density of alcohol is less than 1 g/cm3 germs are destroyed by the alcohol, and they give off cold heat as they die of nothing - it is an illusion, because evaporating alcohol is actually hotter than liquid alcohol
your skin transfers a bit of heat energy to the liquid alcohol and the alcohol evaporates