Physics Holtz Exam 3 (Section 1) CH11

How are most of the elements with nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed? A) Nuclear fusion in stars B) Nuclear fission in supernovas

A) Nuclear fusion in stars

What is a compound? Cite two examples. Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2 The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

What is a mixture? Cite two examples. What is a mixture? Cite two examples. The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 Atoms pressed together without bonding: H2O and H2 Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? A) Helium B) Hydrogen C) Carbon D) Iron

B) Hydrogen

Atoms can be photographed by Atoms can be photographed by a. scanning electron microscopes. b. electron beams. both of these neither of these

both a and b

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is absorbed by the reaction. released by the reaction. not involved.

released by the reaction.

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are actually older. newer. the same age.

same age

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each single breath. month. day. ten years. can't say for some people breathe a few of Caesar's atoms daily, while others never.

single breath

Which of the following statements is true? Which of the following statements is true? an atom is the smallest particle known to exist there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope none of the above

there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by radioactivity. thermonuclear fusion. radiant energy conversion. photosynthesis. none of the above

thermonuclear fusion.

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is 8 times as great. 12 times as great. 16 times as great. appreciably more than 16 times as great.

16

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? one two three four none

2

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it? How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it? 3 2 1 4 none of the above

2

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? 3. 18. 24. 14. none of the above

24

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________. The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________. four one three two

3

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is 999 grams. 1.1 kilogram. 1 gram. 1 kilogram.

999

What is meant by the term nucleon? Antimatter A proton or neutron An electron A quark

A proton or neutron

Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s? A)John Dalton B)Albert Einstein C)Richard Feynman D)Robert Brown

A)John Dalton

Where did the heaviest elements originate? A)Nuclear fission in supernovas B)Nuclear fission in stars

A)Nuclear fission in supernovas

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam? A)The electrons in the beam are absorbed by the nucleus of the atom. B)The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom. C)The electrons in the beam bounce elastically off the electrons in an atom. D)The electrons in the beam are removed by interacting with antimatter in the atom.

B) The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom.

An important feature of atoms is that they __________. A)can barely be seen with the naked eye B) have wave properties C) make up electric beams D)are actually tiny solar systems

B)have wave properties

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on? A) Positively charged nuclei attract electrons from neighboring atoms, so they always collide. B) The atoms are always in motion, so they collide often. C) Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another. D) The positively charged nuclei repel each other.

C) Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.

What are the five most common elements in humans? A) H2O, O2, Ca, N2, and C B) H, He, C, O, and N C) C, H, O, N, and Fe D) C, H, O, N, and Ca

D) C, H, O, N, and Ca

What element has the lightest atoms? A) Lithium B) Positronium C) Helium D) Hydrogen

D) Hydrogen

What kind of attraction pulls electrons close to the atomic nucleus? Gravitational Magnetic Nuclear Electric

Electric

What is the evidence that dark matter exists? What is the evidence that dark matter exists? When dark matter falls into a black hole, it emits light. Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter. When dark matter clouds collide, they emit light. Dark matter blocks distant light and can be seen as dark clouds in space.

Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of? In the nucleus as protons and neutrons In the electron cloud In a cloud of nucleons surrounding the nucleus In the nucleus as electrons

In the nucleus as protons and neutrons

How does one isotope differ from another? It has a different electric charge. It has a different number of neutrons. It has a different number of protons. It has a different number of electrons.

It has a different number of neutrons.

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron? It is equal and opposite. It is about 2000 times larger. It is about 2000 times larger and opposite in sign. It is equal.

It is equal and opposite

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of electrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.

Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

Radon

Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements? Larger nuclear forces pull the electrons into closer orbits. Larger gravitational forces pull electrons into closer orbits. The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits. Larger magnetic forces pull electrons into closer orbits.

The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits.

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element? The number of electrons in its nucleus The number of nucleons in its nucleus The number of neutrons in its nucleus The number of protons in its nucleus

The number of protons in its nucleus

Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine? Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine? More energy is released when they recombine. The same amount of energy is released when they recombine. Less energy is released when they recombine. No energy is released when they recombine.

The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? They electrically repel each other. They do not interact in any way. They gravitationally repel each other. They annihilate each other.

They annihilate each other.

Atomic number refers to the number of Atomic number refers to the number of neutrons in the nucleus. nucleons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus.

protons

Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons squeezed into tighter spaces. pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells. both of these none of these

pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.

Which is the smallest particle? Which is the smallest particle? molecule quark proton atom neutron

quark

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? yes no

no

Which of the following is NOT a mixture? Which of the following is NOT a mixture? cake granite air beach sand none of the above

none

Mass number refers to the number of Mass number refers to the number of protons in the nucleus. neutrons in the nucleus. nucleons in the nucleus.

nucleons

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. of nuclear forces. of electrical forces. of gravitational forces. none of the above

of electrical forces.

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of orbital electrons. neutrons in the nucleus. electron shells that surround the nucleus. none of the above

orbital electrons.

How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere? A)The numbers are the about the same, 10^23. B)The numbers are about the same, 10^100. C)There are far more atoms in my lungs than there are breaths of air in the atmosphere. D)There are far more breaths of air in the atmosphere than there are atoms in my lungs.

A)The numbers are the about the same, 10^23.

Which of the following is NOT a compound? Which of the following is NOT a compound? water salt air ammonia all are compounds

air

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces helium isotope. iron. carbon. beryllium. lithium.

beryllium

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is a. that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light. b. unwanted diffraction. both of these neither of these

both a and b

A nucleon has a mass of about A nucleon has a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit. 1 amu. both are the same. none of the above

both are the same

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more mass. electric charge. nucleons. all of the above none of the above

electric charge

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their neutrons. protons. electrons.

electrons

Which of the following are negatively charged? Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic nuclei

electrons

An isotope is simply an atom that An isotope is simply an atom that is electrically charged. has different numbers of neutrons for the same element. both of these neither of these

has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of low atomic number. high atomic number. both of these neither of these

high atomic number

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? mercury gold lead silver

lead

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? gains loses

loses

Which of the following statements is true? Which of the following statements is true? chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties molecules form atoms that determine chemical properties of a substance a molecule is the smallest existing particle none of the above

molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are held together by electrical forces. in perpetual motion. not as close together as they could be. invisible. mostly empty space themselves.

mostly empty space themselves.

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________. The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________. positive exotically different than positives and negatives negative neutral, no charge

negative

Which of the following are electrically neutral? Which of the following are electrically neutral? protons neutrons electrons ions none of the above

neutrons

Dark matter is considered to be __________. Dark matter is considered to be __________. plentiful in the universe a local phenomenon a form of dark energy at the center of all atomic nuclei

plentiful in the universe

An element is distinct because of its number of An element is distinct because of its number of the total mass of all the particles. electrons. neutrons. protons. none of the above

protons

What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? random motions straight-line motion circular motions parabolic motions

random

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would still not be able to see or photograph an atom. be able to see individual atoms. be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.

still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

Which of the following elements has the most mass? Which of the following elements has the most mass? hydrogen iron uranium lead all have the same mass

uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? uranium carbon gold iron helium

uranium

The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is very low. zero. very high.

very high

Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope? A) Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light. B) Atoms are crystal clear and light passes right through them. C) Atoms are transparent and do not interact with light. D) All of the above

A) Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light.

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun? A)Most are much younger than the Sun B)Most are the same age as the Sun C)Most are older than the Sun D)Most are younger than the Sun

C)Most are older than the Sun

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is an electrical force. a nuclear force. a friction force. a gravitational force. none of the above

an electrical force.

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? gains loses

gains

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? Helium Gold Hydrogen Carbon

gold