Physics I Final Exam Review Questions
The density of aluminum is 2700 kg/m3. If transverse waves travel at in an aluminum wire of diameter what is the tension on the wire? A) 65 N B) 39 N C) 52 N D) 78 N
A) 65 N
A 0.50 gas tank holds 3.0 moles of ideal diatomic nitrogen gas at a temperature of The atomic mass of nitrogen is . What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K, NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol.) A) 560 B) 790 C) 390 D) 21 E) 97
A) 560
What is the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule in the air in a room in which the air temperature is 17°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. A) 6.01 × 10-21 J B) 4.00 × 10-21 J C) 5.00 × 10-21 J D) 7.00 × 10-21 J E) 9.00 × 10-21 J
A) 6.01 × 10-21 J
A steel pipe 36.0 m long, installed when the temperature was is used to transport superheated steam at a temperature of Steel's coefficient of linear expansion is 1.2 x10^-5 K^-1. The pipe is allowed to expand freely when the steam is transported. What is the increase in the length of the pipe when it is used with the superheated steam? A) 60 mm B) 57 mm C) 54 mm D) 64 mm E) 67 mm
A) 60 mm
A stretched string is observed to have four equal segments in a standing wave driven at a frequency of 480 Hz. What driving frequency will set up a standing wave with five equal segments? A) 600 Hz B) 360 Hz C) 240 Hz D) 120 Hz
A) 600 Hz
At what temperature would the root mean square speed of oxygen molecules, O2, be 14.0m/s if oxygen behaves like an ideal gas? The mass of one O2 molecule is 5.312 × 10-26 kg, and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. A) 0.251 K B) 2090 K C) 6270 K D) 1.52 × 1023 K
A) 0.251 K
What is the frequency of the wave shown in the figure? A) 0.5 Hz. B) 1 Hz. C) 2 Hz. D) 4 Hz. E) It cannot be determined from the given information.
A) 0.5 Hz.
When a 0.350-kg package is attached to a vertical spring and lowered slowly, the spring stretches 12.0 cm. The package is now displaced from its equilibrium position and undergoes simple harmonic oscillations when released. What is the period of the oscillations? A) 0.695 s B) 0.483 s C) 0.286 s D) 0.0769 s E) 1.44 s
A) 0.695 s
A 0.39-kg block on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to an ideal spring whose force constant (spring constant) is The block is pulled from its equilibrium position at x = 0.000 m to a displacement x = +0.080 m and is released from rest. The block then executes simple harmonic motion along the horizontal x-axis. When the position of the block is x=0.057m, its kinetic energy is closest to A) 0.90 J. B) 0.84 J. C) 0.95 J. D) 1.0 J. E) 1.1 J.
A) 0.90 J.
As shown in the figure, a given force is applied to a rod in several different ways. In which case is the torque about the pivot P due to this force the greatest? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
A) 1
The coefficient of linear expansion of steel is 12 × 10-6 K-1. What is the change in length of a 25-m steel bridge span when it undergoes a temperature change of 40 K from winter to summer? A) 1.2 cm B) 1.4 cm C) 1.6 cm D) 1.8 cm E) 2.0 cm
A) 1.2 cm
A hole in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is 19 × 10-6 K-1. A) 1.205 cm B) 1.195 cm C) 1.200 cm D) 1.210 cm
A) 1.205 cm
A leaky faucet drips 40 times in What is the frequency of the dripping? A) 1.3 Hz B) 0.75 Hz C) 1.6 Hz D) 0.63 Hz
A) 1.3 Hz
Two motors in a factory are running at slightly different rates. One runs at 825.0 rpm and the other at 786.0 rpm. You hear the sound intensity increase and then decrease periodically due to wave interference. How long does it take between successive instances of the sound intensity increasing? A) 1.54 s B) 1.43 s C) 1.66 s D) 1.79 s
A) 1.54 s
What is the average translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas at The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. A) 1.70 x 10-20 J B) 5.65 x 10-21 J C) 1.13 x 10-17 J D) 3.77 x 10-19 J
A) 1.70 x 10-20 J
A glass flask has a volume of 500 mL at a temperature of 20° C. The flask contains 492 mL of mercury at an equilibrium temperature of 20°C. The temperature is raised until the mercury reaches the 500 mL reference mark. At what temperature does this occur? The coefficients of volume expansion of mercury and glass are 18 ×10-5 K-1 (mercury) and 2.0 ×10-5 K-1 (glass). A) 120°C B) 110°C C) 100°C D) 140°C E) 130°C
A) 120°C
An aluminum rod 17.400 cm long at 20°C is heated to 100°C. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of 25 × 10-6 K-1. A) 17.435 cm B) 17.365 cm C) 0.348 cm D) 0.0348 cm
A) 17.435 cm
A 2.0-kg block on a frictionless table is connected to two springs whose opposite ends are fixed to walls, as shown in the figure. The springs have force constants (spring constants) k1 and k2. What is the oscillation angular frequency of the block if k1=7.6 N/m and k2=5.0 N/m? A) 2.5 rad/s B) 3.5 rad/s C) 0.40 rad/s D) 0.56 rad/s
A) 2.5 rad/s
A person consumes a snack containing 14 food calories (14 kcal). What is the power this food produces if it is to be "burned off" due to exercise in 6 hours? (1 cal = 4.186 J) A) 2.7 W B) 9763 W C) 0.6 W D) 0.0027 W
A) 2.7 W
The quartz crystal in a digital watch has a frequency of 32.8 kHz. What is its period of oscillation? A) 30.5 μs B) 15.3 μs C) 95.8 μs D) 0.191 ms E) 9.71 μs
A) 30.5 μs
A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at 80°C to 60 L of water at 30°C. What is the final temperature of the bath water? A) 34°C B) 36°C C) 38°C D) 40°C
A) 34°C
Express a body temperature 98.6°F in Celsius degrees. A) 37.0°C B) 45.5°C C) 66.6°C D) 72.6°C
A) 37.0°C
A standing wave is oscillating at 950 Hz on a string, as shown in the figure. What is the wave speed? A) 380 m/s B) 570 m/s C) 290 m/s D) 190 m/s
A) 380 m/s
An object is undergoing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 2.3 m. If the maximum velocity of the object is 10 m/s, what is the object's angular frequency? A) 4.3 rad/s B) 4.8 rad/s C) 3.5 rad/s D) 4.0 rad/s
A) 4.3 rad/s
An object undergoing simple harmonic motion has a maximum displacement of at t=0.00s. If the angular frequency of oscillation is 1.6 rad/s, what is the object's displacement when t=3.5s? A) 4.8 m B) 5.6 m C) 3.7 m D) 3.1 m
A) 4.8 m
A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of The boiling point is and the heat of vaporization is at a pressure of one atmosphere. The specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/kg ∙ K (solid), 1000 J/kg ∙ K (liquid), and 400 J/kg ∙ K (gaseous). How much heat is given up by of this substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 86°C at a pressure of one atmosphere? A) 400 kJ B) 200 kJ C) 300 kJ D) 440 kJ E) 640 kJ
A) 400 kJ
In a supermarket, you place a 22.3-N (around 5 lb) bag of oranges on a scale, and the scale starts to oscillate at 2.7 Hz. What is the force constant (spring constant) of the spring of the scale? A) 650 N/m B) 600 N/m C) 330 N/m D) 820 N/m E) 410 N/m
A) 650 N/m
If a string fixed at both ends resonates in its fundamental mode with a frequency of 150 Hz, at which of the following frequencies will it not resonate? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) 75 Hz B) 300 Hz C) 450 Hz D) 500 Hz E) 600 Hz
A) 75 Hz D) 500 Hz
A 6.5-g iron meteor hits the earth at a speed of 295 m/s. If its kinetic energy is entirely converted to heat in the meteor, by how much will its temperature rise? The specific heat of iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J. A) 92.0 C° B) 57,100 C° C) 0.147 C° D) 384 C°
A) 92.0 C°
A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70 km/h? A) Before marker 1 B) At marker 1 C) Between marker 1 and marker 2
A) Before marker 1
A simple pendulum and a mass oscillating on an ideal spring both have period T in an elevator at rest. If the elevator now moves downward at a uniform 2 m/s, what is true about the periods of these two systems? A) Both periods would remain the same. B) Both periods would increase. C) Both periods would decrease. D) The period of the pendulum would increase but the period of the spring would stay the same. E) The period of the pendulum would decrease but the period of the spring would stay the same.
A) Both periods would remain the same.
Two blocks are made of the same material, but one has twice the volume of the other block. Which block will have the greater shear modulus? A) It will be the same for both of them. B) the larger one C) the smaller one
A) It will be the same for both of them.
You slam on the brakes of your car in a panic, and skid a certain distance on a straight level road. If you had been traveling twice as fast, what distance would the car have skidded, under the same conditions? A) It would have skidded 4 times farther. B) It would have skidded twice as far. C) It would have skidded 1.4 times farther. D) It would have skidded one half as far. E) It is impossible to tell from the information given.
A) It would have skidded 4 times farther.
Suppose that a car traveling to the west (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is positive. B) Its acceleration is negative. C) Its acceleration is zero. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down.
A) Its acceleration is positive.
A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass passes through the equilibrium position, which of the following statements about it are true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Its acceleration is zero. B) Its speed is zero. C) Its elastic potential energy is zero. D) Its kinetic energy is a maximum. E) Its total mechanical energy is zero.
A) Its acceleration is zero. C) Its elastic potential energy is zero. D) Its kinetic energy is a maximum.
As shown in the figure, a woman is straining to lift a large crate, but without success because it is too heavy. We denote the forces on the crate as follows: P is the magnitude of the upward force being exerted on the crate by the person, C is the magnitude of the vertical contact force on the crate by the floor, and W is the weight of the crate. How are the magnitudes of these forces related while the person is trying unsuccessfully to lift the crate? A) P + C = W B) P + C < W C) P + C > W D) P = C
A) P + C = W
Grandfather clocks are designed so they can be adjusted by moving the weight at the bottom of the pendulum up or down. Suppose you have a grandfather clock at home that runs slow. Which of the following adjustments of the weight would make it more accurate? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Raise the weight. B) Lower the weight. C) Add more mass to the weight. D) Remove some mass from the weight. E) Increase the amplitude of swing by a small amount.
A) Raise the weight.
Which one has larger kinetic energy: a 500-kg object moving at 40 m/s or a 1000-kg object moving at 20 m/s? A) The 500-kg object B) The 1000-kg object C) Both have the same kinetic energy.
A) The 500-kg object
Suppose that a car traveling to the west begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which of the following statements about its acceleration is correct? A) The acceleration is toward the east. B) Since the car is slowing down, its acceleration must be negative. C) The acceleration is zero. D) The acceleration is toward the west.
A) The acceleration is toward the east.
When a 45-kg person steps on a scale in an elevator, the scale reads a steady 480 N. Which of the following statements must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The elevator is accelerating upward at a constant rate. B) The elevator is accelerating downward at a constant rate. C) The elevator is moving upward at a constant rate. D) The elevator is moving downward at a constant rate. E) From the given information, we cannot tell if the elevator is moving up or down.
A) The elevator is accelerating upward at a constant rate. E) From the given information, we cannot tell if the elevator is moving up or down.
A heavy stone and a light stone are released from rest in such away that they both have the same amount of gravitational potential energy just as they are released. Air resistance is negligibly small. Which of the following statements about these stones are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The initial height of the light stone is greater than the initial height of the heavy stone. B) The stones must have been released from the same height. C) The stones both have the same speed just as they reach the ground. D) Just as it reaches the ground, the light stone is traveling faster than the heavy stone. E) The stones both have the same kinetic energy just as they reach the ground.
A) The initial height of the light stone is greater than the initial height of the heavy stone. D) Just as it reaches the ground, the light stone is traveling faster than the heavy stone. E) The stones both have the same kinetic energy just as they reach the ground.
When a ball is thrown straight up with no air resistance, the acceleration at its highest point A) is upward B) is downward C) is zero D) reverses from upward to downward E) reverses from downward to upward
B) is downward
A pendulum of length L is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator. When the elevator is at rest the period of the pendulum is T. How does the period of the pendulum change when the elevator moves upward with constant velocity? A) The period does not change. B) The period increases. C) The period decreases. D) The period becomes zero. E) The period increases if the upward acceleration is more than g/2 but decreases if the upward acceleration is less than g/2.
A) The period does not change.
Consider a solid uniform sphere of radius R and mass M rolling without slipping. Which form of its kinetic energy is larger, translational or rotational? A) Translational kinetic energy is larger. B) Rotational kinetic energy is larger. C) Both are equal. D) You need to know the speed of the sphere to tell.
A) Translational kinetic energy is larger.
An object is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B. Where is the object located when its kinetic energy is a minimum? A) at either A or B B) midway between A and B C) one-third of the way between A and B D) one-fourth of the way between A and B E) at none of the above points
A) at either A or B
A person stands between two speakers driven by the same source. Each speaker produces a tone with a frequency of 200 Hz on a day when the speed of sound is 330 m/s. The person is 1.65 m from one speaker and 4.95 m from the other. What type of interference does the person perceive? A) constructive B) destructive C) both constructive and destructive D) neither constructive nor destructive
A) constructive
A bucket is being lowered by a very light rope with a constant downward velocity. The tension in the rope must be A) equal to the weight of the bucket. B) greater than the weight of the bucket. C) less than the weight of the bucket.
A) equal to the weight of the bucket.
A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury, which is much denser than water. Where is the buoyant force on the ball greater? A) floating on the mercury B) submerged in the water C) It is the same in both cases. D) It cannot be determined from the information given.
A) floating on the mercury
The figure shows a graph of the position x as a function of time t for a system undergoing simple harmonic motion. Which one of the following graphs represents the acceleration of this system as a function of time? A) graph a B) graph b C) graph c D) graph d
A) graph a
An elevator suspended by a vertical cable is moving downward but slowing down. The tension in the cable must be A) greater than the weight of the elevator. B) less than the weight of the elevator. C) equal to the weight of the elevator.
A) greater than the weight of the elevator.
Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart. Air resistance is negligible. During the time that both objects continue to fall, their separation A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays constant. D) increases at first, but then stays constant. E) decreases at first, but then stays constant.
A) increases.
For general projectile motion with no air resistance, the horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration A) is always zero. B) remains a non-zero constant. C) continuously increases. D) continuously decreases. E) first decreases and then increases.
A) is always zero.
If a quantity you calculated had units of kg ∙ m/s, what type of quantity could it be? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) momentum B) kinetic energy C) work D) impulse E) force
A) momentum D) impulse
If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with zero acceleration. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed.
A) moving with zero acceleration.
In the figure, determine the character of the collision. The masses of the blocks, and the velocities before and after, are shown. The collision is A) perfectly elastic. B) partially inelastic. C) completely inelastic. D) characterized by an increase in kinetic energy. E) not possible because momentum is not conserved.
A) perfectly elastic.
A solid sphere, solid cylinder, and a hollow pipe all have equal masses and radii. If the three of them are released simultaneously at the top of an inclined plane and do not slip, which one will reach the bottom first?A) sphere B) pipe C) cylinder D) The pipe and cylinder arrive together before the sphere. E) They all reach the bottom at the same time.
A) sphere
A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead, which is much denser than aluminum. Which one has the greater buoyant force on it? A) the aluminum B) the lead C) Both have the same buoyant force. D) It cannot be determined without knowing their volumes.
A) the aluminum
A rubber ball bounces off of a wall with an initial speed v and reverses its direction so its speed is v right after the bounce. As a result of this bounce, which of the following quantities of the ball are conserved? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) the kinetic energy of the ball B) the momentum of the ball C) both the momentum and the kinetic energy of the ball D) None of the above quantities are conserved.
A) the kinetic energy of the ball
A waiter fills your water glass with ice water (containing many ice cubes) such that the liquid water is perfectly level with the rim of the glass. As the ice melts, A) the liquid-water level remains flush with the rim of the glass. B) the liquid water level rises, causing water to run down the outside of the glass. C) the liquid-water level decreases.
A) the liquid-water level remains flush with the rim of the glass.
When a car goes around a banked circular curve at the proper speed speed for the banking angle, what force cause it to follow the circular path? A) the normal force from the road B) the friction force from the road C) gravity D) No force causes the car to do this because the car is traveling at constant speed and therefore has no acceleration.
A) the normal force from the road
If you stood on a planet having a mass four times that of Earth's mass, and a radius two times that of Earth's radius, you would weigh A) the same as you do on Earth. B) two times more than you do on Earth. C) two times less than you do on Earth. D) four times more than you do on Earth.
A) the same as you do on Earth.
When you ride a bicycle, in what direction is the angular velocity of the wheels? A) to your left B) to your right C) forwards D) backwards E) up
A) to your left
An air-track cart is attached to a spring and completes one oscillation every 5.67 s in simple harmonic motion. At time t = 0.00 s the cart is released at the position x = +0.250 m. What is the position of the cart when t = 29.6 s? A) x = 0.0461 m B) x = 0.210 m C) x = 0.218 m D) x = 0.342 m E) x = -0.218 m
A) x = 0.0461 m
A tsunami, an ocean wave generated by an earthquake, propagates along the open ocean at 700 km/hr and has a wavelength of 750 km. What is the frequency of the waves in such a tsunami? A) 0.93 Hz B) 0.00026 Hz C) 1.1 Hz D) 6.8 Hz E) 0.15 Hz
B) 0.00026 Hz
A 0.150-kg cart that is attached to an ideal spring with a force constant (spring constant) of 3.58 N/m undergoes simple harmonic oscillations with an amplitude of 7.50 cm. What is the total mechanical energy of the system? A) 0.0201 J B) 0.0101 J C) 0.269 J D) 0.134 J E) 0 J
B) 0.0101 J
The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. If all the gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K. A) 0.10 C° B) 0.12 C° C) 0.37 C° D) 0.42 C°
B) 0.12 C°
Your lungs hold 4.2 L of air at a temperature of 27°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa. How many moles of air do your lungs hold? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K) A) 0.15 moles B) 0.17 moles C) 0.19 moles D) 0.21 moles E) 0.23 moles
B) 0.17 moles
A package is oscillating on a spring scale with a period of 4.60 s. At time t = 0.00 s the package has zero speed and is at x = 8.30 cm. At what time after t = 0.00 s will the package first be at x = 4.15 cm? A) 0.575 s B) 0.767 s C) 1.15 s D) 1.30 s E) 1.53 s
B) 0.767 s
What is the length of a simple pendulum with a period of 2.0 s? A) 20 m B) 0.99 m C) 1.2 m D) 1.6 m E) 0.87 m
B) 0.99 m
A certain automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m3. If the absolute (or total) pressure in the tire is 500 kPa and the temperature is 298 K, how many molecules are there inside the tire? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol) A) 2.25 × 1023 molecules B) 2.25 × 1024 molecules C) 3.25 × 1023 molecules D) 3.25 × 1024 molecules E) 3.25 × 1025 molecules
B) 2.25 × 1024 molecules
The speed of sound through the ground is about 6.0 km/s while the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s. A very powerful explosion occurs some distance away and you feel the ground vibrate 60 seconds before you hear the sound of the explosion. How far away is the explosion? A) 20 km B) 22 km C) 25 km D) 27 km E) 30 km
B) 22 km
How many moles are there in 2.00 kg of copper? The atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mol and its density is 8.90 g/cm3. A) 15.3 B) 31.5 C) 51.3 D) 53.1
B) 31.5
The coefficient of volume expansion of a certain olive oil is 0.68 × 10-3 K-1. A 1.0-L glass beaker is filled to the brim with olive oil at room temperature. The beaker is placed on a range and the temperature of the oil and beaker increases by 25 C°. As a result, 0.0167 L of olive oil spills over the top of the beaker. Which of the following values is closest to the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass from which the beaker is made? A) 1 × 10-6 K-1 B) 4 × 10-6 K-1 C) 1 × 10-5 K-1 D) 2 × 10-5 K-1 E) 3 × 10-5 K-1
B) 4 × 10-6 K-1
The position of an object that is oscillating on a spring is given by the equation x = (17.4 cm) cos[(5.46 s-1)t]. What is the angular frequency for this motion? A) 0.183 rad/s B) 5.46 rad/s C) 2.34 rad/s D) 17.4 rad/s E) 0.869 rad/s
B) 5.46 rad/s
The molecular weight of nitrogen, N2, is 28 g/mol. What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules in a cooler at 8.0°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K and NA = 6.022 ×1023 molecules/mol. A) 450 m/s B) 500 m/s C) 550 m/s D) 600 m/s E) 650 m/s
B) 500 m/s
An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm, a volume of 1.0 L at a temperature of 30°C. How many molecules are there in this gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1.00 atm = 101 kPa, NA = 6.022 × 1023) A) 6.1 × 1023 B) 6.0 × 1022 C) 2.4 × 1022 D) 2.3 × 1023
B) 6.0 × 1022
A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of ideal nitrogen (N2) gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. What is the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K. A) 4.0 ×1021 J B) 6.0 ×1021 J C) 8.0 ×1021 J D) 10 ×1021 J E) 12 ×1021 J
B) 6.0 ×10^21 J
A ball swinging at the end of a massless string, as shown in the figure, undergoes simple harmonic motion. At what point (or points) is the magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration of the ball the greatest? A) C B) A and D C) A and C D) A and B E) B
B) A and D
A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Both gases have the same average molecular speeds. B) Both gases have the same number of molecules. C) Both gases have the same average kinetic energy per molecule. D) Both gases have the same average momentum per molecule.
B) Both gases have the same number of molecules. C) Both gases have the same average kinetic energy per molecule.
Two uniform solid balls, one of radius R and mass M, the other of radius 2R and mass 8M, roll down a high incline. They start together from rest at the top of the incline. Which one will reach the bottom of the incline first? A) The small sphere arrives first. B) Both reach the bottom at the same time. C) The large sphere arrives first.
B) Both reach the bottom at the same time.
A heavy rock and a light rock are dropped from the same height and experience no significant air resistance as they fall. Which of the following statements about these rocks are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Both rocks have the same kinetic energy when they reach the ground. B) Both rocks have the same speed when they reach the ground. C) The heavier rock reaches the ground before the lighter rock. D) Just as they were released, both rocks had the same amount of gravitational potential energy. E) When they reach the ground, the heavier rock has more kinetic energy than the lighter rock.
B) Both rocks have the same speed when they reach the ground. E) When they reach the ground, the heavier rock has more kinetic energy than the lighter rock.
Two blocks, A and B, are being pulled to the right along a horizontal surface by a horizontal 100-N pull, as shown in the figure. Both of them are moving together at a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s to the right, and both weigh the same. Which of the figures below shows a correct free-body diagram of the horizontal forces acting on the lower block, B? A) Box B 100N to the right B) Box B 100N forces to the left and to the right C) Box B two 100N forces to the left and 100N force to the right D) Box B two 50N forces to the left and 100N force to the right E) None of these diagrams is correct
B) Box B 100N forces to the left and to the right
A sonic boom occurs only as an airplane just reaches the speed of sound in air, but not after it increases its speed further. A) True B) False
B) False
The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1. A sheet of copper has a round hole with a radius of 3.0 m cut out of it. If the sheet is heated and undergoes a change in temperature of 80 K, what is the change in the radius of the hole? A) It decreases by 4.1 mm. B) It increases by 4.1 mm. C) It decreases by 8.2 mm. D) It increases by 8.2 mm. E) It does not change.
B) It increases by 4.1 mm.
Suppose that a car traveling to the east (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is in the +x direction. B) Its acceleration is in the -x direction. C) Its acceleration is zero. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down.
B) Its acceleration is in the -x direction.
A mass on a spring undergoes SHM. When the mass is at its maximum distance from the equilibrium position, which of the following statements about it are true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Its acceleration is zero. B) Its speed is zero. C) Its elastic potential energy is zero. D) Its kinetic energy is a maximum. E) Its total mechanical energy is zero.
B) Its speed is zero.
A ball is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, then falls to its initial height. Which of the following statements about the direction of the velocity and acceleration of the ball as it is going up is correct? A) Both its velocity and its acceleration point upward. B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward. C) Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upward. D) Both its velocity and its acceleration points downward.
B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward.
A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the surface of the lake. Which statement best describes what happens to the volume of that piece of iron? A) There has been no change in the volume of the iron. B) Its volume decreases slightly. C) Its volume increases slightly. D) Its volume becomes 21 times greater than at the surface. E) Its volume becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.
B) Its volume decreases slightly.
Grandfather clocks are designed so they can be adjusted by moving the weight at the bottom of the pendulum up or down. Suppose you have a grandfather clock at home that runs fast. Which of the following adjustments of the weight would make it more accurate? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Raise the weight. B) Lower the weight. C) Add more mass to the weight. D) Remove some mass from the weight. E) Decrease the amplitude of swing by a small amount.
B) Lower the weight.
The acceleration due to gravity is lower on the Moon than on Earth. Which one of the following statements is true about the mass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's surface, compared to Earth? A) Mass is less, weight is the same. B) Mass is the same, weight is less. C) Both mass and weight are less. D) Both mass and weight are the same.
B) Mass is the same, weight is less.
Under what condition is average velocity equal to the average of the object's initial and final velocity? A) This can only occur if there is no acceleration. B) The acceleration is constant. C) This can occur only when the velocity is zero. D) The acceleration must be constantly increasing. E) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing.
B) The acceleration is constant.
If we double the frequency of a system undergoing simple harmonic motion, which of the following statements about that system are true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The period is doubled. B) The angular frequency is doubled. C) The amplitude is doubled. D) The period is reduced to one-half of what it was. E) The angular frequency is reduced to one-half of what it was.
B) The angular frequency is doubled. D) The period is reduced to one-half of what it was.
The figure shows a graph of the velocity v as a function of time t for a system undergoing simple harmonic motion. Which one of the following graphs represents the acceleration of this system as a function of time? A) graph a B) graph b C) graph c D) graph d
B) graph b
A disk and a hoop of the same mass and radius are released at the same time at the top of an inclined plane. If both are uniform, which one reaches the bottom of the incline first if there is no slipping? A) The hoop B) The disk C) Both reach the bottom at the same time.
B) The disk
When a 45-kg person steps on a scale in an elevator, the scale reads a steady 410 N. Which of the following statements must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The elevator is accelerating upward at a constant rate. B) The elevator is accelerating downward at a constant rate. C) The elevator is moving upward at a constant rate. D) The elevator is moving downward at a constant rate. E) From the given information, we cannot tell if the elevator is moving up or down.
B) The elevator is accelerating downward at a constant rate. E) From the given information, we cannot tell if the elevator is moving up or down.
When a guitar is tuned to adjust it pitch, what is it that is changed? A) The wavelength of the fundamental. B) The frequency of the fundamental. C) The amplitude of the fundamental.
B) The frequency of the fundamental.
A heavy dart and a light dart are launched vertically by identical ideal springs. Both springs were initially compressed by the same amount. There is no significant air resistance. Which of the following statements about these darts are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The heavy dart goes higher than the light dart. B) The light dart goes higher than the heavy dart. C) Both darts reach the same maximum height. D) At the maximum height, both darts have the same gravitational potential energy. E) Both darts began moving upward with the same initial speed.
B) The light dart goes higher than the heavy dart. D) At the maximum height, both darts have the same gravitational potential energy.
A very elastic rubber ball is dropped from a certain height and hits the floor with a downward speed v. Since it is so elastic, the ball bounces back with the same speed v going upward. Which of the following statements about the bounce are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The ball had the same momentum just before and just after the bounce. B) The magnitude of the ball's momentum was the same just before and just after the bounce. C) The ball's momentum was conserved during the bounce. D) None of the above statements are correct.
B) The magnitude of the ball's momentum was the same just before and just after the bounce.
A pendulum of length L is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator. When the elevator is at rest the period of the pendulum is T. How does the period of the pendulum change when the elevator moves downward with constant acceleration? A) The period does not change. B) The period increases. C) The period decreases. D) The period becomes zero. E) The period increases if the upward acceleration is more than g/2 but decreases if the upward acceleration is less than g/2.
B) The period increases.
A rocket explodes into two fragments, one 25 times heavier than the other. The magnitude of the momentum change of the lighter fragment is A) 25 times as great as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. B) The same as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. C) 1/25 as great as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. D) 5 times as great as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. E) 1/4 as great as the momentum change of the heavier fragment.
B) The same as the momentum change of the heavier fragment.
Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the water pressure greatest? A) at point A B) at point B C) It is the same at both A and B.
B) at point B
A pilot drops a package from a plane flying horizontally at a constant speed. Neglecting air resistance, when the package hits the ground the horizontal location of the plane will A) be behind the package. B) be directly over the package. C) be in front of the package. D) depend on the speed of the plane when the package was released.
B) be directly over the package.
The process in which heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is known as A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation.
B) convection.
As shown in the figure, a bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G on the top and metal H on the bottom, is rigidly attached to a wall at the left. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for metal G is greater than that of metal H. If the strip is uniformly heated, it will A) curve upward. B) curve downward. C) remain horizontal, but get longer. D) remain horizontal, but get shorter. E) bend in the middle.
B) curve downward.
As a supersonic airplane increases its speed more and more, the half-angle of the conical shock wave A) increases. B) decreases. C) is not affected.
B) decreases.
An object attached to an ideal spring executes simple harmonic motion. If you want to double its total energy, you could A) double the amplitude of vibration. B) double the force constant (spring constant) of the spring. C) double both the amplitude and force constant (spring constant). D) double the mass. E) double both the mass and amplitude of vibration.
B) double the force constant (spring constant) of the spring.
As you are leaving a building, the door opens outward. If the hinges on the door are on your right, what is the direction of the angular velocity of the door as you open it? A) up B) down C) to your left D) to your right E) forwards
B) down
A horse pulls a cart with force F. As a result of this force the cart accelerates with constant acceleration. The magnitude of the force that the cart exerts on the horse A) is zero newtons. B) equal to the magnitude of F. C) less than the magnitude of F. D) greater than the magnitude of F. E) cannot be determined without knowing the mass of the horse.
B) equal to the magnitude of F.
A boat loaded with rocks is floating in a swimming pool. If the rocks are thrown into the pool, the water level in the pool, after the rocks have settled to the bottom, A) rises. B) falls. C) stays the same.
B) falls.
The figure shows a graph of the position x as a function of time t for a system undergoing simple harmonic motion. Which one of the following graphs represents the velocity of this system as a function of time? A) graph a B) graph b C) graph c D) graph d
B) graph b
Suppose a uniform solid sphere of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down an inclined plane starting from rest. The linear velocity of the sphere at the bottom of the incline depends on A) the mass of the sphere. B) the radius of the sphere. C) both the mass and the radius of the sphere. D) neither the mass nor the radius of the sphere.
D) neither the mass nor the radius of the sphere.
Express -40°C in °F. A) -72°F B) -54°F C) -40°F D) 4.4°F
C) -40°F
The position of an air-track cart that is oscillating on a spring is given by the equation x = (12.4 cm) cos[(6.35 s-1)t]. At what value of t after t = 0.00 s is the cart first located at x = 8.47 cm? A) 4.34 s B) 0.108 s C) 0.129 s D) 7.39 s E) 7.75 s
C) 0.129 s
Which two temperature changes are equivalent? A) 1 K = 1 F° B) 1 F° = 1 C° C) 1 C° = 1 K D) none of the above
C) 1 C° = 1 K
You drop a stone down a well that is 9.5 m deep. How long is it before you hear the splash? The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s and air resistance is negligible. A) 1.2 s B) 1.3 s C) 1.4 s D) 1.5 s E) 1.6 s
C) 1.4 s
At room temperature, a typical person loses energy to the surroundings at the rate of 62 W. If this energy loss has to be made up by an equivalent food intake, how many kilocalories (food calories) does this person need to consume every day just to make up this heat loss? (1 cal = 4.186 J) A) 1000 kcal B) 1100 kcal C) 1300 kcal D) 1500 kcal E) 1600 kcal
C) 1300 kcal
If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, which one of the following frequencies can set the string into resonant vibration? A) 250 Hz B) 750 Hz C) 1500 Hz D) 1750 Hz
C) 1500 Hz
The volume coefficient of thermal expansion for gasoline is 950 × 10-6 K-1. By how many cubic centimeters does the volume of 1.00 L of gasoline change when the temperature rises from 30°C to 50°C? A) 6.0 cm3 B) 12 cm3 C) 19 cm3 D) 37 cm3
C) 19 cm3
A block attached to an ideal spring of force constant (spring constant) 15 N/m executes simple harmonic motion on a frictionless horizontal surface. At time t = 0 s, the block has a displacement of -0.90 m, a velocity of -0.80 m/s, and an acceleration of +2.9 m/s2 . The mass of the block is closest to A) 2.3 kg B) 2.6 kg C) 4.7 kg D) 9.4 kg
C) 4.7 kg
The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 1.8 × 10-6 K-1. What is its coefficient of volume expansion? A) 9.0 × 10-6 K-1 B) 5.8 × 10-18 K-1 C) 5.4 × 10-6 K-1 D) 3.6 × 10-6 K-1 E) 0.60 × 10-6 K-1
C) 5.4 × 10-6 K-1
At what temperature is the rms speed of hydrogen molecules, H2, which have a molecular weight of 2.02 g/mole, equal to 2.0 km/s? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K and NA =6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol. A) 17°C B) 34°C C) 51°C D) 68°C E) 72°C
C) 51°C
What is the frequency of a pressure wave of wavelength 2.5 m that is traveling at 1400 m/s? A) 178 Hz B) 1.78 kHz C) 560 Hz D) 5.6 kHz
C) 560 Hz
A weather balloon containing 2.0 m3 of hydrogen gas rises from a location at which the temperature is 22°C and the pressure is 101 kPa to a location where the temperature is -39°C and the pressure is 20 kPa. If the balloon is free to expand so that the pressure of the gas inside is equal to the ambient pressure, what is the new volume of the balloon? A) 4.0 m3 B) 6.0 m3 C) 8.0 m3 D) 10 m3 E) 12 m3
C) 8.0 m3
A satellite is in orbit around the earth. Which one feels the greater force? A) the satellite because the earth is so much more massive B) the earth because the satellite has so little mass C) Earth and the satellite feel exactly the same force. D) It depends on the distance of the satellite from Earth.
C) Earth and the satellite feel exactly the same force.
The water pressure to an apartment is increased by the water company. The water enters the apartment through an entrance valve at the front of the apartment. Where will the increase in the static water pressure be greatest when no water is flowing in the system? A) at a faucet close to the entrance valve B) at a faucet far from the entrance valve C) It will be the same at all faucets. D) There will be no increase in the pressure at the faucets.
C) It will be the same at all faucets.
wo wires are made out of the same metal, but one wire is twice as long as the other wire. Which wire will have the greatest elastic modulus? A) the shorter wire B) the longer wire C) It will be the same for both wires.
C) It will be the same for both wires.
A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the surface. Which statement best describes what happens to the density of that piece of iron? A) There has been no change in the density of the iron. B) Its density decreases slightly. C) Its density increases slightly. D) Its density becomes 21 times greater than what it was at the surface. E) Its density becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.
C) Its density increases slightly.
An egg falls from a bird's nest in a tree and feels no effects due to the air. As it falls, A) only its kinetic energy is conserved. B) only its momentum is conserved. C) both its kinetic energy and its momentum are conserved. D) only its mechanical energy is conserved. E) both its mechanical energy and its momentum are conserved.
D) only its mechanical energy is conserved.
Two cars go around a banked curve at the proper speed for the banking angle. One car has tires with excellent traction, while the other car has bald slippery tires. Which of these cars is more likely to slide on the pavement as it goes around the curve? A) the car with the new tires B) the car with the bald tires C) Neither car will slide. D) It depends on if the pavement is wet or dry.
C) Neither car will slide.
An object that hangs from the ceiling of a stationary elevator by an ideal spring oscillates with a period T. If the elevator accelerates upward with acceleration 2g, what will be the period of oscillation of the object? A) 4T B) 2T C) T D) T/2 E) T/4
C) T
As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant force on it if it started above the surface of the water? A) The buoyant force keeps increasing steadily. B) The buoyant force remains constant. C) The buoyant force first increases and then remains constant. D) The buoyant force steadily decreases.
C) The buoyant force first increases and then remains constant.
Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat? A) in salt water B) in fresh water C) The buoyant force is the same in both cases.
C) The buoyant force is the same in both cases.
Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the magnitude of the displacement and the distance traveled by this object. A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled.
C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled.
Consider two less-than-desirable options. In the first you are driving 30 mph and crash head- on into an identical car also going 30 mph. In the second option you are driving 30 mph and crash head-on into a stationary brick wall. In neither case does your car bounce back from the thing it hits, and the collision time is the same in both cases. Which of these two situations would result in the greater impact force on your car? A) hitting the other car B) hitting the brick wall C) The force would be the same in both cases. D) None of the above choices are correct.
C) The force would be the same in both cases.
A pendulum of length L is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator. When the elevator is at rest the period of the pendulum is T. How does the period of the pendulum change when the elevator moves upward with constant acceleration? A) The period does not change. B) The period increases. C) The period decreases. D) The period becomes zero. E) The period increases if the upward acceleration is more than g/2 but decreases if the upward acceleration is less than g/2.
C) The period decreases.
If you pound a feather with a hammer, which one feels a greater force? A) always the feather B) always the hammer C) The size of the force is always the same on both. D) If the feather moves, then it felt the greater force. Otherwise the force was the same on both.
C) The size of the force is always the same on both.
Brick A is dropped from the top of a building. Brick B is thrown straight down from the same building, and neither one experiences appreciable air resistance. Which statement about their accelerations is correct? A) The acceleration of A is greater than the acceleration of B. B) The acceleration of B is greater than the acceleration of A. C) The two bricks have exactly the same acceleration. D) Neither brick has any acceleration once it is released.
C) The two bricks have exactly the same acceleration.
You throw a baseball straight up. Compare the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball goes up with the sign of the work done by gravity while it goes down. A) The work is positive on the way up and positive on the way down. B) The work is positive on the way up and negative on the way down. C) The work is negative on the way up and positive on the way down. D) The work is negative on the way up and on the way down because gravity is always downward.
C) The work is negative on the way up and positive on the way down.
Two objects are thrown from the top of a tall building. One is thrown up, and the other is thrown down, both with the same initial speed. What are their speeds when they hit the street? Neglect air resistance. A) The one thrown up is traveling faster. B) The one thrown down is traveling faster. C) They are traveling at the same speed. D) It is impossible to tell because the height of the building is not given.
C) They are traveling at the same speed.
In an air-free chamber, a pebble is thrown horizontally, and at the same instant a second pebble is dropped from the same height. Compare the times of fall of the two pebbles. A) The thrown pebble hits first. B) The dropped pebble hits first. C) They hit at the same time. D) We cannot tell without knowing which pebble is heavier.
C) They hit at the same time.
In a collision between two unequal masses, which mass receives a greater magnitude impulse? A) the larger mass B) the smaller mass C) They receive equal impulses.
C) They receive equal impulses.
An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
The slope of a velocity versus time graph gives A) the distance traveled. B) velocity. C) acceleration. D) displacement.
C) acceleration.
If the answer to your calculation has units of kg ∙ m2/s, what type of quantity could it be? (There could be more than one correct choice). A) force B) work C) angular momentum D) linear momentum E) power F) rotational kinetic energy G) moment of inertia H) torque
C) angular momentum
A car goes around a circular curve on a horizontal road at constant speed. What is the direction of the friction force on the car due to the road? A) tangent to the curve in the forward direction B) tangent to the curve opposite to the direction of the car's motion C) perpendicular to the curve outward D) perpendicular to the curve inward E) There is no friction on the car because its speed is constant.
D) perpendicular to the curve inward
If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed.
C) at rest.
An auto manufacturer advertises that their car can go "from zero to sixty in eight seconds." This is a description of what characteristic of the car's motion? A) average speed B) instantaneous speed C) average acceleration D) instantaneous acceleration E) displacement
C) average acceleration
In the figure showing an isolated system, determine the character of the collision. The masses of the blocks, and the velocities before and after, are shown. The collision is A) perfectly elastic. B) partially inelastic. C) completely inelastic. D) characterized by an increase in kinetic energy. E) not possible because momentum is not conserved.
C) completely inelastic.
Identical forces act for the same length of time on two different objects. The magnitude of the change in momentum of the lighter object is A) smaller than the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass, but not zero. B) larger than the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass. C) exactly equal to the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass. D) zero. E) There is not enough information to answer the question.
C) exactly equal to the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass.
Suppose a ball is thrown straight up and experiences no appreciable air resistance. What is its acceleration just before it reaches its highest point? A) zero B) slightly less than g C) exactly g D) slightly greater than g
C) exactly g
Five forces act on a rod that is free to pivot at point P, as shown in the figure. Which of these forces is producing a counter-clockwise torque about point P? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) force A B) force B C) force C D) force D E) force E
C) force C
Which one of the following would be expected to have the smallest bulk modulus? A) liquid mercury B) liquid water C) helium vapor D) solid iron E) solid uranium
C) helium vapor
When an object moves in uniform circular motion, the direction of its acceleration is A) in the same direction as its velocity vector. B) in the opposite direction of its velocity vector. C) is directed toward the center of its circular path. D) is directed away from the center of its circular path. E) depends on the speed of the object.
C) is directed toward the center of its circular path.
Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, the average molecular kinetic energy of oxygen molecules, compared to that of hydrogen molecules, A) is greater. B) is less. C) is the same. D) cannot be determined without knowing the pressure and volume.
C) is the same.
Which of the following quantities are units of impulse? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) N ∙ m B) kg ∙ s/m C) kg ∙ m/s D) N ∙ s E) kg ∙ m2/s2
C) kg ∙ m/s D) N ∙ s
The figure shows two boxes, with m1 > m2, that are on a level frictionless surface. We can apply a horizontal force either toward the right on m1 or toward the left on m2. The magnitude of the force that the boxes exert on each other is A) zero newtons in either case. B) larger if horizontal force is applied toward the right. C) larger if horizontal force is applied toward the left. D) the same in either case.
C) larger if horizontal force is applied toward the left.
You are making a circular turn in your car on a horizontal road when you hit a big patch of ice, causing the force of friction between the tires and the road to become zero. While the car is on the ice, it A) moves along a straight-line path away from the center of the circle. B) moves along a straight-line path toward the center of the circle. C) moves along a straight-line path in its original direction. D) continues to follow a circular path, but with a radius larger than the original radius. E) moves along a path that is neither straight nor circular.
C) moves along a straight-line path in its original direction.
By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth? A) convection B) conduction C) radiation D) All of the above processes are equally important in combination.
C) radiation
A wooden block contains some nails so that its density is exactly equal to that of water. If it is placed in a tank of water and released from rest when it is completely submerged, it will A) rise to the surface. B) sink to the bottom. C) remain where it is released
C) remain where it is released
disk, a hoop, and a solid sphere are released at the same time at the top of an inclined plane. They are all uniform and roll without slipping. In what order do they reach the bottom? A) disk, hoop, sphere B) hoop, sphere, disk C) sphere, disk, hoop D) sphere, hoop, disk E) hoop, disk, sphere
C) sphere, disk, hoop
The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities? A) the average speed of its molecules B) the average momentum of its molecules C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules D) the mass of its molecules E) It is proportional to all of the above quantities.
C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower at the same instant that a stone is dropped vertically. Which object is traveling faster when it hits the level ground below if neither of them experiences any air resistance? A) It is impossible to tell because we do not know their masses. B) the stone C) the ball D) Both are traveling at the same speed.
C) the ball
Two metal spheres are made of the same material and have the same diameter, but one is solid and the other is hollow. If their temperature is increased by the same amount, A) the solid sphere becomes bigger than the hollow one. B) the hollow sphere becomes bigger than the solid one. C) the two spheres remain of equal size. D) the solid sphere becomes denser and the hollow one less dense. E) the solid sphere becomes less dense and the hollow one denser.
C) the two spheres remain of equal size.
If the units of your answer are kg ∙ m2/s3, which of the following types of quantities could your answer be? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) kinetic energy B) potential energy C) force D) power E) work
D) power
Swimmers at a water park have a choice of two frictionless water slides, as shown in the figure. Although both slides drop over the same height h, slide 1 is straight while slide 2 is curved, dropping quickly at first and then leveling out. How does the speed v1 of a swimmer reaching the bottom of slide 1 compare with v2, the speed of a swimmer reaching the end of slide 2? A) v1 > v2 B) v1 < v2 C) v1 = v2 D) The heavier swimmer will have a greater speed than the lighter swimmer, no matter which slide he uses. E) No simple relationship exists between v1 and v2.
C) v1 = v2
In simple harmonic motion, when is the speed the greatest? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) when the magnitude of the acceleration is a maximum B) when the displacement is a maximum C) when the magnitude of the acceleration is a minimum D) when the potential energy is a maximum E) when the potential energy is a zero
C) when the magnitude of the acceleration is a minimum E) when the potential energy is a zero
In simple harmonic motion, when is the magnitude of the acceleration the greatest? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) when the speed is a maximum B) when the displacement is a zero C) when the magnitude of the displacement is a maximum D) when the potential energy is a maximum E) when the kinetic energy is a minimum
C) when the magnitude of the displacement is a maximum D) when the potential energy is a maximum E) when the kinetic energy is a minimum
When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity? A) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate B) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate C) when the velocity is constant D) always E) never
C) when the velocity is constant
A small uniform disk and a small uniform sphere are released simultaneously at the top of a high inclined plane, and they roll down without slipping. Which one will reach the bottom first? A) the one of smallest diameter B) the one of greatest mass C) the disk D) the sphere E) They will reach the bottom at the same time.
D) the sphere
When a car is weighed, it is driven slowly on a horizontal floor over a scale that records a reading as the front wheels go over the scale, and then records a second reading as the rear wheels go over the scale. The weight of the car is equal to A) the weight under the front wheels. B) the weight under the rear wheels. C) the average of the two weights. D) the sum of the two weights. E) the difference of the two weights.
D) the sum of the two weights.
A 0.50-kg object is attached to an ideal spring of spring constant (force constant) 20 N/m along a horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. At what distance from the equilibrium position are the kinetic energy and potential energy of the system the same? A) 0.017 m B) 0.029 m C) 0.12 m D) 0.17 m
D) 0.17 m
A steel bridge is 1000 m long at -20°C in winter. What is the change in length when the temperature rises to 40°C in summer? The average coefficient of linear expansion of this steel is 11 × 10-6 K-1. A) 0.33 m B) 0.44 m C) 0.55 m D) 0.66 m
D) 0.66 m
An object is oscillating on a spring with a period of 4.60 s. At time t = 0.00 s the object has zero speed and is at x = 8.30 cm. What is the acceleration of the object at t = 2.50 s? A) 1.33 cm/s2 B) 0.784 cm/s2 C) 11.5 cm/s2 D) 14.9 cm/s2 E) 0.00 cm/s2
D) 14.9 cm/s2
The temperature in your classroom is closest to A) 68 K. B) 68°C. C) 50°C. D) 295 K.
D) 295 K.
An ideal gas occupies 6.00 × 102 cm3 at 20°C. At what temperature will it occupy 1.20 × 103 cm3 if the pressure is held constant? A) 10°C B) 40°C C) 100°C D) 313°C
D) 313°C
On a cold day, you take in 4.2 L of air into your lungs at a temperature of 0°C. If you hold your breath until the temperature of the air in your lungs reaches 37°C, what is the volume of the air in your lungs at that point, assuming the pressure does not change? A) 4.2 L B) 4.4 L C) 4.6 L D) 4.8 L E) 5.0 L
D) 4.8 L
A car starts out when the air temperature is 288 K and the absolute (total) air pressure in the tires is 500 kPa. After driving a while, the temperature of the air in the tires increases to 298 K. What is the pressure in the tires at that point, assuming their volume does not change? A) 129 kPa B) 483 kPa C) 507 kPa D) 517 kPa E) 532 kPa
D) 517 kPa
The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1. A block of copper 30 cmwide, 45 cm long, and 10 cm thick is heated from 0°C to 100°C What is the change in the volume of the block? A) 2.3 × 10-5 m3 B) 4.6 × 10-5 m3 C) 5.2 × 10-5 m3 D) 6.9 × 10-5 m3 E) 14 × 10-5 m3
D) 6.9 × 10-5 m3
Two frisky otters slide down frictionless hillsides of the same height but different slopes. The slope of the hill of otter 1 is 30°, while the slope of the hill of otter 2 is 60°. If both start from rest, which otter is moving faster when she reaches the bottom of her hill? A) Otter 1 is moving faster. B) Otter 2 is moving faster. C) The heavier otter is moving faster, no matter which hill she used. D) Both otters have the same speed at the bottom. E) The otter that took the shorter time is moving faster.
D) Both otters have the same speed at the bottom.
A spaceship is traveling to the Moon. At what point is it beyond the pull of Earth's gravity? A) when it gets above the atmosphere B) when it is half-way there C) when it is closer to the Moon than it is to Earth D) It is never beyond the pull of Earth's gravity.
D) It is never beyond the pull of Earth's gravity.
When is the angular momentum of a system constant? A) Only when its total kinetic energy is constant. B) Only when no net external force acts on the system. C) Only when the linear momentum and the energy are constant. D) Only when no net external torque acts on the system. E) Only when the moment of inertia is constant.
D) Only when no net external torque acts on the system
Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) The acceleration is constantly increasing. B) The acceleration is constantly decreasing. C) The acceleration is a constant non-zero value. D) The acceleration is equal to zero.
D) The acceleration is equal to zero.
A fireman is sliding down a fire pole. As he speeds up, he tightens his grip on the pole, thus increasing the vertical frictional force that the pole exerts on the fireman. When the force on his hands equals his weight, what happens to the fireman? A) The fireman comes to a stop. B) The fireman descends with slower and slower speed. C) The fireman descends with a smaller but non-zero acceleration. D) The fireman continues to descend, but with constant speed. E) The acceleration of the fireman is now upward.
D) The fireman continues to descend, but with constant speed.
A fixed container holds oxygen and helium gases at the same temperature. Which of the following statements are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The oxygen molecules have the greater average kinetic energy. B) The helium molecules have the greater average kinetic energy. C) The oxygen molecules have the greater speed. D) The helium molecules have the greater speed. E) The helium molecules have the same average kinetic as the oxygen molecules.
D) The helium molecules have the greater speed. E) The helium molecules have the same average kinetic as the oxygen molecules.
An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity. Which of the following statements about it must be true? A) A constant force is being applied to it in the direction of motion. B) A constant force is being applied to it in the direction opposite of motion. C) A constant force is being applied to it perpendicular to the direction of motion. D) The net force on the object is zero. E) Its acceleration is in the same direction as it velocity.
D) The net force on the object is zero.
An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity. Which of the following statements about it must be true? A) A constant force is being applied to it in the direction of motion. B) A constant force is being applied to it in the direction opposite of motion. C) A constant force is being applied to it perpendicular to the direction of motion. D) The net force on the object is zero. E) Its acceleration is in the same direction as it velocity.
D) The net force on the object is zero.
A simple pendulum and a mass oscillating on an ideal spring both have period T in an elevator at rest. If the elevator now accelerates downward uniformly at 2 m/s2, what is true about the periods of these two systems? A) Both periods would remain the same. B) Both periods would increase. C) Both periods would decrease. D) The period of the pendulum would increase but the period of the spring would stay the same. E) The period of the pendulum would decrease but the period of the spring would stay the same.
D) The period of the pendulum would increase but the period of the spring would stay the same.
The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are represented by the velocity-time graphs in the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0. At time T, what is true of the distances traveled by the vehicles since time t = 0? A) They will have traveled the same distance. B) The truck will not have moved. C) The car will have travelled further than the truck. D) The truck will have travelled further than the car.
D) The truck will have travelled further than the car.
A push of magnitude P acts on a box of weight W as shown in the figure. The push is directed at an angle θ below the horizontal, and the box remains a rest. The box rests on a horizontal surface that has some friction with the box. The normal force on the box due to the floor is equal to A) W. B) W + P. C) W + P cos θ. D) W + P sin θ. E) W - P sin θ.
D) W + P sin θ.
While flying horizontally in an airplane, you notice that a string dangling from the overhead luggage compartment hangs at rest at 15° away from the vertical toward the front of the plane. Using this observation, you can conclude that the airplane is A) moving forward. B) moving backward. C) accelerating forward. D) accelerating backward. E) not accelerating because the string is at rest.
D) accelerating backward.
Consider a flat steel plate with a hole through its center as shown in the figure. When the temperature of the plate is increased, the hole will A) expand only if it takes up more than half the plate's surface area. B) contract if it takes up less than half the plate's surface area. C) always contract as the plate expands into it. D) always expand with the plate. E) remain the same size as the plate expands around it.
D) always expand with the plate.
A 75-N box rests on a perfectly smooth horizontal surface. The minimum force need to start the box moving is A) 75 N. B) 7.5 N. C) 750 N. D) any horizontal force greater than zero.
D) any horizontal force greater than zero.
A stone is held at a height h above the ground. A second stone with four times the mass of the first one is held at the same height. The gravitational potential energy of the second stone compared to that of the first stone is A) one-fourth as much. B) one-half as much. C) twice as much. D) four times as much. E) the same.
D) four times as much.
A person sits on a freely spinning lab stool that has no friction in its axle. When this person extends her arms, A) her moment of inertia decreases and her angular speed increases. B) her moment of inertia decreases and her angular speed decreases. C) her moment of inertia increases and her angular speed increases. D) her moment of inertia increases and her angular speed decreases. E) her moment of inertia increases and her angular speed remains the same.
D) her moment of inertia increases and her angular speed decreases.
An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s2. This means the object A) travels 2.0 m in every second. B) is traveling at 2.0 m/s. C) is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. D) is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
D) is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
Which one of the following quantities is the smallest unit of heat energy? A) calorie B) kilocalorie C) Btu D) joule
D) joule
A railroad car collides with and sticks to an identical railroad car that is initially at rest. After the collision, the kinetic energy of the system A) is the same as before. B) is half as much as before. C) is one third as much as before. D) is one fourth as much as before. E) is one quarter as much as before.
B) is half as much as before.
A solid sphere and a solid cylinder, both uniform and of the same mass and radius, roll without slipping at the same forward speed. It is correct to say that the total kinetic energy of the solid sphere is A) more than the total kinetic energy of the cylinder. B) less than the total kinetic energy of the cylinder. C) equal to the total kinetic energy of the cylinder.
B) less than the total kinetic energy of the cylinder.
Salt water is denser than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is A) more. B) less. C) the same. D) Cannot be determined because we do not know the volume of the ship.
B) less.
If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line making an angle of +30° (counter clockwise) with the time axis, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing acceleration.
B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration
For general projectile motion with no air resistance, the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity A) remains zero. B) remains a non-zero constant. C) continuously increases. D) continuously decreases. E) first decreases and then increases.
B) remains a non-zero constant.
For general projectile motion with no air resistance, the vertical component of a projectile's acceleration A) is always zero. B) remains a non-zero constant. C) continuously increases. D) continuously decreases. E) first decreases and then increases.
B) remains a non-zero constant.
You are in a train traveling on a horizontal track and notice that a piece of luggage starts to slide directly toward the front of the train. From this observation, you can conclude that this train is A) speeding up. B) slowing down. C) changing direction. D) speeding up and changing direction. E) slowing down and changing direction.
B) slowing down.
When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper rises. This happens because A) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is higher. B) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is lower. C) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure remains constant. D) the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is higher. E) the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is lower.
B) the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is lower.
The rotating systems shown in the figure differ only in that the two identical movable masses are positioned a distance r from the axis of rotation (left), or a distance r/2 from the axis of rotation (right). If you release the hanging blocks simultaneously from rest, A) the block at the left lands first. B) the block at the right lands first. C) both blocks land at the same time.
B) the block at the right lands first.
When a car goes around a circular curve on a horizontal road at constant speed, what force causes it to follow the circular path? A) the normal force from the road B) the friction force from the road C) gravity D) No force causes the car to do this because the car is traveling at constant speed and therefore has no acceleration.
B) the friction force from the road
Two objects of different masses have momentum of equal, non-zero magnitude. Which object has more kinetic energy? A) the heavier object B) the lighter object C) They both have the same kinetic energy.
B) the lighter object
Suppose a solid uniform sphere of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down an inclined plane starting from rest. The angular velocity of the sphere at the bottom of the incline depends on A) the mass of the sphere. B) the radius of the sphere. C) both the mass and the radius of the sphere. D) neither the mass nor the radius of the sphere.
B) the radius of the sphere.
James and John dive from an overhang into the lake below. James simply drops straight down from the edge. John takes a running start and jumps with an initial horizontal velocity of 25 m/s. If there is no air resistance, when they reach the lake below A) the splashdown speed of James is larger than that of John. B) the splashdown speed of John is larger than that of James. C) they will both have the same splashdown speed. D) the splashdown speed of James must be 9.8 m/s larger than that of John. E) the splashdown speed of John must be 25 m/s larger than that of James.
B) the splashdown speed of John is larger than that of James.
The slope of a position versus time graph gives A) the distance traveled. B) velocity. C) acceleration. D) displacement.
B) velocity.
If your heart is beating at 76.0 beats per minute, what is the frequency of your heart's oscillations in hertz? A) 4560 Hz B) 1450 Hz C) 3.98 Hz D) 2.54 Hz E) 1.27 Hz
E) 1.27 Hz
The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24.0 × 10-6 K-1, and the density of aluminum at 0°C is 2.70 × 103 kg/m3. What is the density of aluminum at 300°C? A) 3.93 × 103 kg/m3 B) 2.73 × 103 kg/m3 C) 2.70 × 103 kg/m3 D) 2.67 × 103 kg/m3 E) 2.64 × 103 kg/m3
E) 2.64 × 103 kg/m3
How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 225-g lead ball from 15.0°C to 25.0°C? The specific heat of lead is 128 J/kg ∙ K. A) 725 J B) 576 J C) 145 J D) 217 J E) 288 J
E) 288 J
A metal has a latent heat of fusion of 2.32 × 104 J/kg, a specific heat of 128 J/kg ∙ K, and a melting point of 228°C. A 30-g pellet of this metal at 16°C hits a solid wall and comes to a complete stop. What would the speed of the pellet have to be in order for it to melt completely when it hits the wall, assuming that all of its kinetic energy is transformed into heat within the pellet? A) 207 m/s B) 215 m/s C) 232 m/s D) 273 m/s E) 317 m/s
E) 317 m/s
The rms speed of a certain sample of carbon dioxide molecules, with a molecular weight of 44.0 g/mole, is 396 m/s. What is the rms speed of water vapor molecules, with a molecular weight of 18.0 g/mol, at the same temperature as the carbon dioxide? A) 253 m/s B) 387 m/s C) 421 m/s D) 506 m/s E) 619 m/s
E) 619 m/s
Two blocks, A and B, are being pulled to the right along a horizontal surface by a horizontal 100-N pull, as shown in the figure. Both of them are moving together at a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s to the right, and both weigh the same. Which of the figures below shows a correct free-body diagram of the horizontal forces acting on the upper block, A? A) Box A 100N force to the right B) Box A 100N forces left and right C) Box A two 100N forces to the right D)Box A 50N force to the right E) Box A (No horizontal forces act on A)
E) Box A (No horizontal forces act on A)
What is the wavelength of the wave shown in the figure? A) 8 m. B) 4 m. C) 2 m. D) 1 m. E) It cannot be determined from the given information.
E) It cannot be determined from the given information.
A crate is sliding down an inclined ramp at a constant speed of 0.55 m/s. The vector sum of all the forces acting on this crate must point A) down the ramp. B) up the ramp. C) perpendicular to the ramp. D) vertically downward. E) None of the above choices is correct.
E) None of the above choices is correct.
In the figure, a 10-lb weight is suspended from two spring scales, each of which has negligible weight. Which one of the following statements about the readings in the scales is true? A) Each scale will read 5 lb. B) The top scale will read zero, the lower scale will read 10 lb. C) The lower scale will read zero, the top scale will read 10 lb. D) Each scale will show a reading between one and 10 lb, such that the sum of the two is 10 lb. However, exact readings cannot be determined without more information. E) None of these is true.
E) None of these is true.
Which of the following statements are true about an object in two-dimensional projectile motion with no air resistance? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The speed of the object is constant but its velocity is not constant. B) The acceleration of the object is +g when the object is rising and -g when it is falling. C) The acceleration of the object is zero at its highest point. D) The speed of the object is zero at its highest point. E) The horizontal acceleration is always zero and the vertical acceleration is always a non-zero constant downward.
E) The horizontal acceleration is always zero and the vertical acceleration is always a non-zero constant downward.
A small car meshes with a large truck in a head-on collision. Which of the following statements concerning the momentum during the collision are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The momentum of the truck is conserved. B) The momentum of the car is conserved. C) The car and the truck must undergo the same change in speed. D) The momentum of the car and the momentum of the truck are each conserved. E) The momentum of the car-truck system is conserved, but the momentum of each one separately is not conserved
E) The momentum of the car-truck system is conserved, but the momentum of each one separately is not conserved
A pendulum of length L is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator. When the elevator is at rest the period of the pendulum is T. How would the period of the pendulum change if the supporting chain were to break, putting the elevator into freefall? A) The period does not change. B) The period increases slightly. C) The period decreases slightly. D) The period becomes zero. E) The period becomes infinite because the pendulum would not swing.
E) The period becomes infinite because the pendulum would not swing.
A lightweight object and a very heavy object are sliding with equal speeds along a level frictionless surface. They both slide up the same frictionless hill with no air resistance. Which object rises to a greater height? A) The heavy object, because it has greater initial kinetic energy. B) The light object, because gravity slows it down less. C) The lightweight object, because the force of gravity on it is less. D) The heavy object, because it has more mass to carry it up the hill. E) They both slide to exactly the same height.
E) They both slide to exactly the same height.
The total mechanical energy of a simple harmonic oscillating system is A) zero as it passes the equilibrium point. B) zero when it reaches the maximum displacement. C) a maximum when it passes through the equilibrium point. D) a minimum when it passes through the equilibrium point. E) a non-zero constant.
E) a non-zero constant.
In the figure showing an isolated system, determine the character of the collision. The masses of the blocks, and the velocities before and after, are shown. The collision is A) perfectly elastic. B) partially inelastic. C) completely inelastic. D) characterized by an increase in kinetic energy. E) not possible because momentum is not conserved.
E) not possible because momentum is not conserved.
