Pima Final exit exam

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When reviewing patients' blood chemistry levels, what is considered the normal creatinine range? (A) 0.6-1.5 mg/100 mL (B) 4.5-6.0 mg/100 mL (C) 8-25 mg/100 mL (D) Up to 50 mg/100 mL

(A) 0.6-1.5 mg/100 mL

A student radiographer who is younger than 18 years must not receive an annual occupational dose greater than (A) 1 mSv (0.1 rem) (B) 5 mSv (0.5 rem) (C) 50 mSv (5 rem) (D) 100 mSv (10 rem)

(A) 1 mSv (0.1 rem)

A slit camera is used to measure 1. focal spot size 2. laser beam accuracy 3. SID resolution (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(A) 1 only- focal spot size

What minimum total amount of filtration (inherent plus added) is required in an x-ray equipment operated above 70 kV? (A) 2.5-mm Al equivalent (B) 3.5-mm Al equivalent (C) 2.5-mm Cu equivalent (D) 3.5-mm Cu equivalent

(A) 2.5-mm Al equivalent

In which of the following positions was the radiograph seen in Figure 14-5 made? (A) AP erect (B) PA recumbent (C) Right lateral decubitus (D) Dorsal decubitus

(A) AP erect

Which of the following systems functions to compensate for changing patient/part thicknesses during fluoroscopic procedures? (A) Automatic brightness control (ABC) (B) Minification gain (C) Automatic resolution control (D) Flux gain

(A) Automatic brightness control (ABC)

To demonstrate the pulmonary apices with the patient in the AP erect position, the (A) CR is directed 15°-20° cephalad (B) CR is directed 15°-20° caudad (C) exposure is made on full exhalation (D) patient's shoulders are rolled forward

(A) CR is directed 15°-20° cephalad

Which of the following statements regarding Figure 14-1A and B is true? (A) In Figure 14-1A, the plantar surface and the image receptor (IR) form a 30° angle (B) In Figure 14-1A, the plantar surface and the IR form a 60° angle (C) In Figure 14-1B, the plantar surface and the IR form a 30° angle (D) In Figure 14-1B, the plantar surface and the IR form a 60° angle

(A) In Figure 14-1A, the plantar surface and the image receptor (IR) form a 30° angle

What does the letter H represent in Figure 14-8? (A) Jejunum (B) Ascending duodenum (C) Descending duodenum (D) Bulb of duodenum

(A) Jejunum

In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located? (A) LLQ (left lower quadrant) (B) LUQ (left upper quadrant) (C) RLQ (right lower quadrant) (D) RUQ

(A) LLQ (left lower quadrant)

What does the letter H represent in Figure 14-7? (A) Lunate (B) Pisiform (C) Trapezoid (D) Hamate

(A) Lunate

Cervical spine positions performed to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina closest to the IR are (A) RAO (right anterior oblique) and LAO (left anterior oblique) (B) RPO and LPO (C) AP (D) lateral

(A) RAO (right anterior oblique) and LAO (left anterior oblique)

An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae will demon- strate the classic "Scotty dog."What bony structure does the Scotty dog's "ear" represent? (A) Superior articular process (B) Pedicle (C) Transverse process (D) Pars interarticularis

(A) Superior articular process

What portion of a computed radiography system records the radiologic image? (A) The photostimulable phosphor (B) The scanner/reader (C) The emulsion (D) The image plate (IP)

(A) The photostimulable phosphor

A small bottle containing a single dose of medication is termed (A) an ampule (B) a vial (C) a bolus (D) a carafe

(A) an ampule

The image intensifier's input phosphor is generally composed of (A) cesium iodide (B) zinc cadmium sulfide (C) gadolinium oxysulfide (D) calcium tungstate

(A) cesium iodide

The mechanical device used to correct an ineffectual cardiac rhythm is a (A) defibrillator (B) cardiac monitor (C) crash cart (D) resuscitation bag

(A) defibrillator

An abnormal passage between organs is a/an (A) fistula (B) polyp (C) diverticulum (D) abscess

(A) fistula

A CR histogram is a graphic representation of (A) grayscale values of the imaged part (B) a characteristic curve of the imaged part (C) Dmax (D) Dmin

(A) grayscale values of the imaged part

The sternoclavicular joints are best demonstrated with the patient PA and (A) in a slight oblique, affected side adjacent to the IR (B) in a slight oblique, affected side away from the IR (C) erect, weight bearing (D) erect, with and without weights

(A) in a slight oblique, affected side adjacent to the IR

Proper body mechanics includes a wide base of support. The base of support is the portion of the body Opa (A) in contact with the floor or other horizontal surface (B) in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen (C) passing through the center of gravity (D) none of the above

(A) in contact with the floor or other horizontal surface

The automatic exposure device that is located immediately under the x-ray table is the (A) ionization chamber (B) scintillation camera (C) photomultiplier (D) photocathode

(A) ionization chamber

The radiograph seen in Figure 14-15 illustrates joint space obscured by the (A) medial femoral condyle (B) lateral femoral condyle (C) intercondylar eminences (D) tibial tuberosity

(A) medial femoral condyle

Photostimulable luminescence (PSL) occurs when the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) is exposed to (A) monochromatic laser light (B) barium fluorohalide (C) high-energy x-ray photons (D) low-energy x-ray photons

(A) monochromatic laser light

The type of shock associated with pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels is classified as (A) neurogenic (B) cardiogenic (C) hypovolemic (D) septic

(A) neurogenic

The AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull best demonstrates the (A) occipital bone (B) frontal bone (C) facial bones (D) sphenoid bone

(A) occipital bone

The function of shuttering is to (A) remove bright, unexposed areas outside the collimated field (B) prevent overexposure (C) prevent underexposure (D) substitute for, or supplement, collimation

(A) remove bright, unexposed areas outside the collimated field

Circuit devices that permit electrons to flow in only one direction are (A) solid-state diodes (B) resistors (C) transformers (D) autotransformers

(A) solid-state diodes

All of the following statements concerning respiratory structures are true, except (A) the right lung has two lobes (B) the uppermost portion of the lung is the apex (C) each lung is enclosed in pleura (D) the trachea bifurcates into mainstem bronchi

(A) the right lung has two lobes

The right colic flexure is formed by the junction of the (A) transverse and ascending colon (B) descending and transverse colon (C) descending and sigmoid colon (D) cecum and ascending colon

(A) transverse and ascending colon

The term effective dose refers to (A) whole-body dose (B) localized organ dose (C) absorbed dose (D) radiation weighting factor

(A) whole-body dose

What is the intensity of scattered radiation perpen- dicular to and 1 m from the patient compared with the useful beam at the patient's surface? (A) 0.01% (B) 0.1% (C) 1.0% (D) 10.0%

(B) 0.1%

What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20-cm FOV? (A) 0.07 mm/pixel (B) 0.40 mm/pixel (C) 0.04 mm/pixel (D) 4.0 mm/pixel

(B) 0.40 mm/pixel

If the test image seen in Figure 14-14 is known to represent correctly operating full-wave rectified equipment, then at what exposure time was it made? A) 1/15 second (B) 1/30 second (C) 1/60 second (D) 1/120 second

(B) 1/30 second

With the body in the erect position, the diaphragm moves (A) 2-4 inches higher than when in the recumbent position (B) 2-4 inches lower than when in the recumbent (C) 2-4 inches superiorly (D) very slightly

(B) 2-4 inches lower than when in the recumbent position

A 3-inch lies 4 inches from the IR. object to be radiographed at 36-inch SID What will be the image width? (A) 2.6 inches (B) 3.3 inches (C) 26.0 inches (D) 33.0 inches

(B) 3.3 inches

What is the fetal dose limit for pregnant radiographers for the entire gestation period? (A) 1.0 mSv (0.1 rem) (B) 5.0 mSv (0.5 rem) (C) 50 mSv (5.0 rem) (D) 100 mSv (10 rem)

(B) 5.0 mSv (0.5 rem)

In which position was the radiograph seen in Figure 14-6B obtained? (A) AP erect (B) AP recumbent (C) PA erect (D) PA recumbent

(B) AP recumbent

Which of the following is usually recommended for cleaning CR image storage screens? (A) Denatured alcohol (B) Anhydrous ethanol (C) Soap and water (D) Intensifying screen cleaner

(B) Anhydrous ethanol

In which of the following locations can the pulse be detected only by the use of a stethoscope? (A) Wrist (B) Apex of the heart (C) Groin (D) Neck

(B) Apex of the heart

What projection of the calcaneus is obtained with the leg extended, plantar surface vertical and perpendicular to the IR, and CR directed 40° caudad? (A) Axial plantodorsal projection (B) Axial dorsoplantar projection (C) Lateral projection (D) Weight-bearing lateral

(B) Axial dorsoplantar projection

Which of the following functions to protect the x-ray tube and the patient from overexposure in the event the AEC device fails to terminate an exposure? (A) Circuit breaker (B) Backup timer (C) Rheostat (D) Fuse

(B) Backup timer

In which of the following positions should you place a patient who is experiencing syncope? (A) Dorsal recumbent with head elevated (B) Dorsal recumbent with feet elevated (C) Lateral recumbent (D) Seated with feet supported

(B) Dorsal recumbent with feet elevated

Which of the following is a vasopressor and may be used for an anaphylactic reaction or cardiac arrest? (A) Nitroglycerin (B) Epinephrine (C) Hydrocortisone (D) Digitoxin

(B) Epinephrine

In which aspect of the orbital wall a "blowout fracture" usually occurs? (A) Superior (B) Inferior (C) Medial (D) Lateral

(B) Inferior

Which of the following devices functions to produce hard copies of digital images? (A) Digitizer (B) Laser printer (C) Histogram (D) CRT

(B) Laser printer

By which of the following dose-response curves are late or long-term effects of radiation exposure generally represented? (A) Linear threshold (B) Linear nonthreshold (C) Nonlinear threshold (D) Nonlinear nonthreshold

(B) Linear nonthreshold

Which of the following is demonstrated in a 25° LPO position with the CR entering 1 inch medial to the elevated anterior superior iliac spine?p (A) Left sacroiliac joint (B) Right sacroiliac joint (C) Left ilium (D) Right ilium

(B) Right sacroiliac joint

. Which of the actions removes following digital postprocessing high-frequency noise from the digital image? (A) Windowing (B) Smoothing (C) Aliasing (D) Edge enhancement

(B) Smoothing

The image artifact seen in Figure 14-11 is representative of (A) a processor artifact (B) an exposure artifact (C) a handling artifact (D) mechanical artifact

(B) an exposure artifact

The position illustrated in Figure 14-12 can be improved by (A) bringing the chin up more (B) bringing the chin down moreo (C) angling the CR caudad (D) opening the mouth more

(B) bringing the chin down more

In Figure 14-10, the letter E represents the (A) trochlea (B) capitulum (C) lateral epicondyle (D) medial epicondyle

(B) capitulum

The best way to control voluntary motion is (A) immobilization of the part (B) careful explanation of the procedure (C) short exposure time (D) physical restraint

(B) careful explanation of the procedure

Somatic effects of radiation refer to effects that are manifested (A) in the descendants of the exposed individual (B) during the life of the exposed individual (C) in the exposed individual and his or her descendants (D) in the reproductive cells of the exposed individual

(B) during the life of the exposed individual

A radiographic image exhibiting few shades of gray between black and white is said to possess (A) no contrast (B) high contrast (C) low contrast (D) little contrast

(B) high contrast

The PSP is exposed to a narrow laser beam (A) on the display monitor (B) in the scanner/reader (C) in the cassette (D) on the x-ray table

(B) in the scanner/reader

The most effective method of sterilization is (A) dry heat (B) moist heat (C) pasteurization (D) freezing

(B) moist heat

Any wall that the useful x-ray beam can be directed toward is called a (A) secondary barrier (B) primary barier (C) leakage barrier (D) scattered barrier

(B) primary barier

The effects of radiation on biologic material are dependent on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time, the effect (A) will be greater than if it were delivered all at one time (B) will be less than if it were delivered all at one time (C) has no relation to how it is delivered in time (D) is solely dependent on the radiation quality

(B) will be less than if it were delivered all at one time

The total brightness gain of an image intensifier is a result of 1. flux gain 2. minification gain 3. focusing gain (A) 1 only (B) 2 only Insleviups (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1 and 3 only

Radiographers use monitoring devices to record their monthly exposure to radiation. The types of devices suited for this purpose include 1. pocket dosimeter 2. thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) 3. optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)

Arrange the following tissues in the order of decreasing radiosensitivity: 1. liver cells 2. intestinal crypt cells 3. muscle cells (A) 1, 3, 2 (B) 2, 3, 1 (C) 2, 1, 3 (D) 3, 1, 2

Order the following cell types in terms of radiosensitivity, from greatest to least: 1. osteoblasts 2. spermatogonia 3. myocytes (A) 1,2,3 (B) 1, 3, 2 (C) 2, 1,3 (D) 3, 1,2

Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation? (A) AP (B) 90° mediolateral (C) 45° internal rotation (D) 45° external rotation

A profile view of the with the CR directed glenoid fossa can be perpendicular to the glenoid obtained fossa and the patient rotated (A) 20°, affected side down (B) 20°, affected side up (C) 45°, affected side down (D) 45°, affected side up

Which of these radiation exposure situations is likely to be the most harmful? (A) large dose to a specific area all at once (B) A small dose to the whole body over a period of time (C) A large dose to the whole body all at one time (D) A small dose to a specific area over a period of time

What type of precaution prevents the spread of infectious agents in aerosol form? (A) Strict isolation (B) Protective isolation (C) Airborne precautions (D) Contact precautions

Which of the following digital artifacts can result if the direction of the grid's lead strips and the grid frequency match the scan frequency of the scanner/reader? (A) Phantom image (B) Skipped scan lines (C) Aliasing (D) Grid lines

The percentage of incoming x-ray photons that are detected and absorbed by the receptor describes (A) DEL (B) FOV (C) DQE (D) TFT

What is the best way to reduce magnification distortion? (A) Use a small focal spot (B) Increase the SID (C) Decrease the OID (D) Use a shoter exposure time

What activator is required for barium fluorohalide to retain its luminous properties? (A) Cesium (B) lodine (C) Europium (D) Gadolinium

Which of the following figures (Fig. 14-4) most likely demonstrates 3-phase, 12-pulse rectification of the x-ray beam? (A) Figure A (B) Figure B (C) Figure C (D) Figure D

What structure occupies the area represented by the letter G in Figure 14-8? (A) Gallbladder (B) Right lobe of the liver (C) Head of the pancreas (D) Hepatic flexure of the colon

When examining the fourth and fifth fingers in the lateral position, which side of the forearm should be closest to the IR? (A) Anterior (B) Posterior (C) Medial (D) Lateral

Which of the following is a fast-acting vasodilator used to lower blood pressure and relieve the pain of angina pectoris? (A) Digitalis (B) Dilantin (C) Nitroglycerin (D) Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Under which of the following conditions is biologic material most sensitive to radiation exposure? (A) Anoxic (B) Hypoxic (C) Oxygenated (D) Deoxygenated

Which of the following is a condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a portion of the lungs? (A) Pneumothorax (B) Atelectasis (C) Pulmonary embolism (D) Hypоxia

In what position was the radiograph seen in Figure 14-8 made? (A) AP (B) LPO (C) RAO (D) Lateral

What transforms the violet light emitted by the PSP into the image seen on the monitor? (A) The photostimulable phosphor (B) The scanner/reader (C) The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (D) The helium-neon laser

Which of the following best describes correct hand hygiene? (A) The radiographer's hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and warm running at least 15 second after each patient water, for (B) The radiographer's hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and warm running water, for at least 15 second before each patient (C) The radiographer's hands should be thoroughly hrs washed with soap and warm running water, for at least 15 second before and after each patient (D) The radiographer's hands and forearms should always be kept higher than the elbows during cleansing

(C) The radiographer's hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and warm running water, for at least 15 second before and after each patient

As a result of the anode heel effect, x-ray beam intensity is greatest along the (A) path of the central ray (CR) (B) anode end of the beam (C) cathode end of the beam (D) transverse axis of the IR

The number of gray shades that an imaging system can reproduce is termed (A) postprocessing (B) resolution (C) dynamic range (D) modulation transfer function (MTF)

The purposes of an advanced health care directive or living will, include all of the following, except (A) preserving a person's right to make decisions regarding his or her own health care (B) naming the individual authorized to make health care decisions for him or her (C) ensuring that only the patient's personal physician can make health care decisions for him or her (D) including specifics regarding do not resusci- tate (DNR), do not intubate (DNI), and other end-of-life decisions

The medical term referring to nosebleed isA (A) vertigo (B) urticaria (C) epistaxis (D) aura

Excessive absorption of useful x-ray photons by a grid is called (A) grid selectivity (B) contrast improvement factor (C) grid cutoff (D) latitude

The energy of ionizing electromagnetic radiations is measured in (A) mA (B) mAs (C) kev (D) kV

In Figure 14-10, the letter D represents the (A) trochlea (B) capitulum (C) lateral epicondyle (D) medial epicondyle

Which formula would the radiographer use to determine the total number of heat units produced with a given exposure using three-phase, 12-pulse equipment? (A) mA x time x kV (B) mA x time kV x 3.0 (C) mA x time kV x 1.4 (D) mA x time kV x 1.6

The position seen in Figure 14-2, used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa, requires that the CR be directed (A) vertically to the joint space (B) parallel to the long axis of the tibia (C) perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia (D) perpendicular to the joint space

When a patient is received in the radiology department with a urinary Foley catheter bag, it is important to (A) place the drainage bag above the level of the bladder (B) place the drainage bag at the same level as the bladder (C) place the drainage bag below the level of the bladder (D) clamp the Foley catheter

The term that refers to parts closer to the source or beginning is (A) cephalad (B) caudad (C) proximal (D) medial

All of the following positions are likely to be used for both single- and double-contrast examinations of the large bowel, except (A) lateral rectum (B) AP axial rectosigmoid (C) right and left lateral decubitus abdomen (D) RAO and LAO abdomen

An algorithm, as used in x-ray imaging, is a (A) geometric formula (B) series of specific exposure factors (C) series of variable instructions (D) series of predetermined exposure factors

When a radiographer is obtaining patient history, both subjective and objective data should be obtained. An example of subjective data is (A) the patient appears to have a productive cough (B) the patient has a blood nressure of 130/95 (C) the patient complains of RUQ pain (D) the patient has a paipable mass in the left breast

The term interrogation time refers to (A) the shortest possible exposure time permitted by a particular x-ray tube (B) the amount of time required for x-ray tube AM warming (C) the time required for the x-ray tube to turn off (D) the time it takes the x-ray tube to reach the required technical factors

The manubrial notch, a bony landmark used in radiography of the sternoclavicular joints, is located at the same level as the (A) vertebra prominens (B) first thoracic vertebra (C) third thoracic vertebra (D) ninth thoracic vertebra

Figure 14-13A and B is most often used to evaluate the following condition: (A) subluxation (B) spondylolisthesis (C) whiplash injury (D) cervical rib

Characteristics of nonstochastic effects of radiation include 1. they have predictability 2. they have a threshold 3. severity is directly related to dose (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Diseases whose mode of transmission is air include 1. tuberculosis 2. mumps 3. rubella (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

During Gl radiography, often varies depending on 1. respiratory phase 2. body habitus 3. patient position (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Examples of destructive pathologic conditions include 1. emphysema 2. pneumoperitoneum 3. osteoporosis (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Inspiration and expiration projections of the chest may be performed to demonstrate 1. pneumothorax 2. foreign body 3. atelectasis (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Major effect(s) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) irradiation includes 1. malignant disease 2. chromosome aberration 3. cell death (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Patient dose during fluoroscopic examinations varies with 1. magnification 2. patient size 3. length of examination (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

The following bones participate in the formation of the knee: 1. femur 2. tibia 3. patella (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

The histogram demonstration of pixel value distribution can be changed/affected by the following: 1. selection of processing algorithm 2. processing delay 3. centering (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

The processes of the temporal include the 1. mastoid 2. zygomatic 3. styloid (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following factor(s) is/are important in determining thickness of protective barriers? 1. Distance between the x-ray source and the barrier 2. Occupancy factor time 3. Workload (mA-min/week) (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

(D) 1, 2, and 3

Advantages of light-emitting display (LED) over liquid crystal display (LCD) include 1. less power consumption 2. improved lighting 3. thinner design (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Characteristics of the typical diagnostic x-ray tube and its construction include 1. the target material should have a high atomic number and melting point 2. the useful beam emerges from the port window 3. the cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Devices that serve to collect PSL and transmit it to an ADC include 1. photomultiplier tube 2. photodiode 3. charge-coupled device (CCD) (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

During respiratory motion, the act of 1. expiration raises the diaphragm 2. inspiration elevates the ribs 3. inspiration depresses the abdominal viscera (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Patient dose during fluoroscopy is affected by the 1. distance between the patient and the input phosphor 2. amount of magnification 3. tissue density (A) 1 only (B) 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Potential educational Honor Code violations include 1. falsification of clinical competency documents 2. cheating and/or plagiarism 3. violating patient confidentiality (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Radiation exposure to the developing fetus can cause 1. mental retardation , 2. growth retardation 3. organ damage (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Required components of a digital fluoroscopy (DF) 1. computer 2. video monitor 3. image manipulation console (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

The AP projection of the scapula requires that the 1. patient's arm be abducted at right angles to the body 2. patient's elbow be flexed with hand supinated 3. exposure be made during quiet breathing (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

The American Hospital Association's (AHA's) Patient Care Partnership includes the essentials of the Bill of Rights and reviews what patients can/should expect during a hospital stay, including 1. protection of patient privacy 2. help with billing claims 3. help when leaving the hospital (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

The total number of x-ray photons produced at the target is contingent on 1. tube current 2. target material 3. square of the kilovoltage (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

What is meant by the term controlled area? 1. One that is occupied by people trained in radiation safety 2. One that is occupied by people who wear radiation monitors 3. One whose occupancy factor is 1 (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

Which of the following criteria are required for accurate visualization of the greater tubercle in profile? 1. Epicondyles parallel to the IR 2. Arm in external rotation 3. Humerus in the AP position (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

(D) 1,2, and 3

If the exposure rate at 3 feet from the fluoroscopic table is 15 mGy, /min, what will be the exposure rate for 3 min at a distance of 5 feet from the table? (A) 2.7 mGy, (B) 5.4 mGy, (C) 10.8 mGy, (D) 16.2 mGy,

(D) 16.2 mGy,

Which of the following image matrix sizes will provide the best spatial resolution? (A) 256 x 256 (B) 512 x 512 (C) 1024 x 1024 (D) 2048 x 2048

(D) 2048 x 2048

The voltage ripple associated with a three-phase, 12-pulse rectified generator is approximately (A) 100% (B) 32% (C) 13% (D) 3%

(D) 3%

Manual exposure control was used and the exposure factors selected for a particular nongrid x-ray image were 400 mA, 20 ms, and 90 kV. Another image using an 8:1 grid is requested. Which of the following groups of factors is most appropriate? (A) 400 mA, 20 ms, 110 kV (B) 200 mA, 80 ms, 90 kV (C) 300 mA, 50 ms, 100 kV (D) 400 mA, 80 ms, 90 kV

(D) 400 mA, 80 ms, 90 kV

What is the relationship between source-to- beam image-receptor distance (SID) x-ray intensity and receptor exposure? (A) As SID increases, beam intensity increases and receptor exposure increases (B) As SID increases, beam intensity increases and receptor exposure decreases (C) As SID increases, beam intensity decreases and receptor exposure increases (D) As SID increases, beam intensity decreases and patient dose decreases

(D) As SID increases, beam intensity decreases and patient dose decreases

Which of the following pathologic conditions will most likely offer greatest resistance to the passage of x-ray photons? (A) Fibrosarcoma (B) Osteomalacia (C) Paralytic ileus (D) Ascites

(D) Ascites

What does the letter D represent in Figure 14-8? (A) Fundus (B) Pylorus (C) Body of stomach (D) Bulb of duodenum

(D) Bulb of duodenum

In which body position would a patient suffering from orthopnea experience the least discomfort? (A) Fowler (B) Trendelenburg (C) Recumbent (D) Erect

(D) Erect

The term voxel is associated with all of the following, except (A) bit depth (B) volume element (C) measured in Z direction (D) FOV

(D) FOV

Which of the following generator types has the advantages of having compact size, producing nearly constant potential voltage, and decreasing patient dose? (A) Single-phase, full-wave (B) Three-phase, six-pulse (C) Three-phase, 12-pulse (D) High frequency

(D) High frequency

A patient was positioned for a radiographic projection with the x-ray tube, grid, and IR properly aligned but with the body part angled. Which of the following will result? (A) Grid cutoff at the periphery of the image (B) Grid cutoff along the center of the image (C) Increased receptor exposure at the periphery (D) Image distortion

(D) Image distortion

In which of the following positions was the image seen in Figure 14-3 made? (A) AP erect (B) Posteroanterior (PA) recumbent (C) Right lateral decubitus (D) Left lateral decubitus

(D) Left lateral decubitus

The term health care-associated infection (HAI) often replaces which of the following terms? (A) Upper respiratory infection (B) Urinary tract infection (UTI) (C) Suppressed infection (D) Nosocomial infection

(D) Nosocomial infection

Which of the following is the most proximal structure on the adult ulna? (A) Capitulum (B) Styloid process (C) Coronoid process (D) Olecranon process

(D) Olecranon process

In which of the following projections or positions will subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation be best demonstrated? (A) Tangential (B) AP axial (C) Transthoracic lateral (D) PA oblique scapular Y

(D) PA oblique scapular Y

With the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) and the CR directed through the patient's open mouth, which of the following sinus groups is demonstrated through the open mouth? (A) Frontal (B) Ethmoid (C) Maxillary (D) Sphenoid

(D) Sphenoid

Which of the following ethical principles is most closely related to avoidance of deception? (A) Autonomy (B) Beneficence e (C) Fidelity (D) Veracity

(D) Veracity

A radiograph obtained with a parallel grid demonstrates decreased receptor exposure on its lateral edges. This is most likely caused by (A) static electrical discharge (B) the grid off-centered (C) improper tube angle (D) decreased SID

(D) decreased SID

The medical suffix plasia refers to (A) embryonic (B) condition (C) movement (D) development

(D) development

The phenomenon that can occur between the time a PSP is exposed to x-rays and the time it is read by the scanner/reader is termed (A) excitation (B) photostimulable luminescence (C) scatter (D) fading

(D) fading

The uppermost portion of the iliac crest is approximately at the same level as that of the (A) costal margin (B) umbilicus (C) xiphoid tip (D) fourth lumbar vertebra

(D) fourth lumbar vertebra

Double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed for better visualization of (A) position of the organ (B) size and shape of the organ (C) diverticula (D) gastric or bowel mucosa

(D) gastric or bowel mucosa

The artifacts seen in Figure 14-9 are representative of (A) grid lines (B) Moiré artifact (C) surgical clips (D) hair braids

(D) hair braids

The stomach of an asthenic patient is most likely to be located (A) high, transverse, and lateral (B) low, transverse, and lateral (C) high, vertical, and toward the midline (D) low, vertical, and toward the midline

(D) low, vertical, and toward the midline

An autoclave is used for (A) dry heat sterilization (B) chemical sterilization (C) gas sterilization (D) steam sterilization

(D) steam sterilization

Structures found within the mediastinum include all of the following, except the (A) esophagus (B) thymus (C) heart (D) terminal bronchiole

(D) terminal bronchiole

Types of cell repair mechanisms following irradiation include 1. DNA repair 2. cell cycle arrest 3. apoptosis A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

1. DNA repair A. 1 only

An increase in kV will have which of the following effects? 1. More scattered radiation will be produced 2. The exposure rate will increase 3. Radiographic contrast will increase (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. More scattered radiation will be produced 2. The exposure rate will increase (B) 1 and 2 only

A patient is usually required to drink barium sulfate suspension in order to demonstrate which of the following structure(s)? 1. Pylorus 2. Sigmoid 3. Duodenum (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 3 only

1. Pylorus 3. Duodenum (B) 1 and 3 only

Which of the following statements regarding human gonadal cells is/are accurate? 1. The female oogonia reproduce only during fetal life 2. The male spermatogonia reproduce continuously 3. Both maie and female stem cells reproduce only during fetal life (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 3 only

1. The female oogonia reproduce only during fetal life 2. The male spermatogonia reproduce continuously (C) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following is/are well demonstrated in the oblique position/projection of the lumbar spine? 1. Zygapophyseal joints 2. Intervertebral foramina 3. Intervertebral joints (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. Zygapophyseal joints (A) 1 only

Characteristics of a 16:1 grid include 1. absorbing more useful radiation than an 8:1 grid 2. having more centering latitude than an 8:1 grid 3. using with higher kV exposures than an 8:1 grid (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. absorbing more useful radiation than an 8:1 grid 3. using with higher kV exposures than an 8:1 grid (B) 1 and 3 only

Chemical substances that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms without necessarily killing them are called 1. antiseptics 2. germicides 3. disinfectants (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. antiseptics (A) 1 only

Types of positive contrast agents include 1. barium sulfate suspension 2. water-based iodinated media 3. carbon dioxide (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1 and 3 only

1. barium sulfate suspension 2. water-based iodinated media (C) 1 and 2 only

During a gastrointestinal (GI) examination, the anteroposterior (AP) recumbent projection of a stomach of average shape usually demonstrates 1. barium-filled fundus 2. double contrast of distal stomach portions 3. barium-filled duodenum and pylorus (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. barium-filled fundus 2. double contrast of distal stomach portions (B) 1 and 2 only

In order to be considered as legitimate legal evidence, each X-ray image must contain certain essential and specific patient information, including 1. date of examination 2. side marker 3. referring physician (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. date of examination 2. side marker (B) 1 and 2 only

Characteristics of anemia include 1. decreased number of circulating red blood cells 2. decreased hemoglobin 3. hematuria (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. decreased number of circulating red blood cells 2. decreased hemoglobin (B) 1 and 2 only

The following imaging procedures do not require use of ionizing radiation to produce an image: 1. diagnostic sonography 2. computed tomography (CT) 3. magnetic resonance imaging (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. diagnostic sonography 3. magnetic resonance imaging (B) 1 and 3 only

Digital radiographic imaging equipment provides a number of functions for optimization of image quality, including 1. exposure data recognition (EDR) 2. automatic rescaling 3. narrow latitude (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. exposure data recognition (EDR) 2. automatic rescaling (B) 1 and 2 only

Exposure rate increases with an increase in 1. mA 2. kV 3. SID (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. mA 2. kV (B) 1 and 2 only

The technical factor that is used to regulate x-ray beam intensity is 1. milliamperage 2. exposure time 3. kilovoltage (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. milliamperage 2. exposure time (C) 1 and 2 only

Adult tissues that are relatively insensitive to radiation include exposure 1. muscle tissue 2. nerve tissue 3. epithelial tissue (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. muscle tissue 2. nerve tissue (B) 1 and 2 only

Symptoms of shock include 1. pallor and weakness 2. increased pulse rate 3. fever (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. pallor and weakness 2. increased pulse rate (B) 1 and 2 only

Proper care of leaded apparel includes 1. periodic check for cracks 2. careful folding following each use 3. routine laundering with soap and water (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only hi (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. periodic check for cracks (A) 1 only

kV selection in digital imaging has an effect on 1. photon energy 2. penetration 3. image contrast (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. photon energy 2. penetration (B) 1 and 2 only

The energy of x-ray photons has an inverse relationship to 1. photon wavelength 2. applied mA 3. applied kV (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. photon wavelength (A) 1 only

Factors impacting spatial resolution in indirect digital/CR imaging include 1. pixel pitch 2. sampling frequency 3. DEL size of the TFT (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. pixel pitch 2. sampling frequency (B) 1 and 2 only

With all other factors constant, as a digital image's matrix size increases 1. pixel size decreases 2. resolution increases 3. pixel size increases (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 only (D) 2 and 3 only

1. pixel size decreases 2. resolution increases (C) 1 and 2 only

In the lateral projection of the foot, the 1. plantar surface should be perpendicular to the IR 2. metatarsals should be superimposed 3. talofibular joint should be visualized (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. plantar surface should be perpendicular to the IR 2. metatarsals should be superimposed (B) 1 and 2 only

Typical characteristics of the android pelvis include 1. pubic angle less than 90° 2. narrow, vertical 3. pelvic inlet large and round (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

1. pubic angle less than 90° 2. narrow, vertical (B) 1 and 2 only

To better demonstrate ribs below the diaphragm 1. suspend respiration at the end of full exhalation 2. suspend respiration at the end of deep inhalation 3. perform the examination in the recumbent position (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only

1. suspend respiration at the end of full exhalation 3. perform the examination in the recumbent position (C) 1 and 3 only

When imaging the skull with the orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to the IR and the CR directed 25° cephalad 1. the occipital bone is well demonstrated 2. the dorsum sella is seen within the foramen magnum 3. the petrous pyramids fill the orbits (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. the occipital bone is well demonstrated 2. the dorsum sella is seen within the foramen magnum (B) 1 and 2 only

Examples of primary radiation barriers include 1. x-ray room walls 2. control booth 3. lead aprons (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

1. x-ray room walls (A) 1 only

In which of the following conditions is protective or "reverse" isolation required? 1. Tuberculosis 2. Burns 3. Leukemia (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. Burns 3. Leukemia (C) 2 and 3 only

Image resolution improves as 1. scintillation increases 2. DEL size decreases 3. fill factor increases le (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. DEL size decreases 3. fill factor increases (C) 2 and 3 only

Which of the fo!lowing medical equipment is used to determine bicod pressure? 1. Pulse oximeter 2. Stethoscope 3. Sphygmomanometer (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. Stethoscope 3. Sphygmomanometer (C) 2 and 3 only

Which of the following is/are used to account for relative radiosensitivity of various tissues and organs? 1. Radiation weighting factors (W,) 2. Tissue weighting factors (W.) 3. Absorbed dose (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. Tissue weighting factors (W.) (B) 2 only

Glenohumeral joint dislocation can be evaluated with which of the following? 1. Inferosuperior axial 2. Transthoracic lateral 3. Scapular Y projection (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. Transthoracic lateral 3. Scapular Y projection (C) 2 and 3 only

An increase in added filtration will result in 1. an increase in maximum energy of the x-ray beam 2. a decrease in x-ray intensity 3. an increase in effective energy of the x-ray beam (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. a decrease in x-ray intensity 3. an increase in effective energy of the x-ray beam (C) 2 and 3 only

Grid interspace material can be made of 1. carbon fiber 2. aluminum 3. plastic fiber (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. aluminum 3. plastic fiber (C) 2 and 3 only

Potential digital image postprocessing tasks include 1. PACS (picture archiving and communications system) 2. annotation 3. inversion/reversal (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. annotation 3. inversion/reversal (C) 2 and 3 only

The type(s) of radiation produced at the tungsten target is/are 1. photoelectric 2. characteristic 3. bremsstrahlung (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. characteristic 3. bremsstrahlung (C) 2 and 3 only

Advantages of moving the image intensifier closer to the patient during traditional fluoroscopy include 1. increased object-to-image-receptor distance (OID) 2. decreased patient dose 3. improved image quality (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. decreased patient dose 3. improved image quality (C) 2 and 3 only

Chemical substances that are used to kill pathogenic bacteria are called 1. antiseptics 2. germicides 3. disinfectants (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. germicides 3. disinfectants (C) 2 and 3 only

Special beam-shaping optics are used in the CR reader to keep the infrared laser scanning light finely focused in order to 1. collect analog data 2. improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 3. maintain good spatial resolution (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 3. maintain good spatial resolution (C) 2 and 3 only

Radiographic subject unsharpness is a result of 1. object plane is not parallel with the CR 2. object plane is not parallel with the IR 3. anatomic details of interest are not in the path of the CR (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. object plane is not parallel with the IR 3. anatomic details of interest are not in the path of the CR (C) 2 and 3 only

The enteral route of drug administration includes the following: 1. intravenous 2. oral 3. nasogastric (NG) tube (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. oral 3. nasogastric (NG) tube (C) 2 and 3 only

Accurate operation of the control (AEC) device is dependent on automatic exposure , 1. thickness and density of the object 2. positioning of the object with respect to the ionization chamber 3. beam restriction

2. positioning of the object with respect to the ionization chamber 3. beam restriction (C) 2 and 3 only

The blue-green PSL that corresponds to the visible x-ray image occurs 1. immediately of light upon the initial prompt emission 2. sometime after the initial prompt emission of light 3. upon stimulation by finely focused infrared light (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

2. sometime after the initial prompt emission of light 3. upon stimulation by finely focused infrared light (C) 2 and 3 only

Symptoms of imminent anaphylactic shock incluude 1. dysphasia 2. urticaria 3. constriction of the throat (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

2. urticaria 3. constriction of the throat (C) 2 and 3 only

The product of absorbed dose (D) and radiation a weighting factor (W,) is A. EqD B. EfD C. TEDE D. W1

A. EqD

Which of the following conditions would require an increase in technical factors? 1. Congestive heart failure 2. Pleural effusion 3. Emphysema (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

B) congestive heart failure, pleural effusion

Advantages of flat panel fluoroscopy include 1. decreased patient dose 2. increased temporal resolution 3. decreased DQE lortw blovs (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1,2, and 3

B) decreased patient dose, increased temporal resolution

Proper treatment of epistaxis includes 1. tilt head back 2. breath through mouth 3. refrain from speaking (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

C) breath through the mouth and refrain from speaking.

The dose of radiation that will cause a noticeable skin reaction is referred to as the (A) linear energy transfer (LET) (B) source skin distance (C) skin erythema dose (D) SID

C) skin erythema dose

What structure is indicated by the number 3 in Figure 14-16? (A) Maxillary sinuses (B) Mastoid sinuses (C) Sphenoid sinuses (D) Ethmoid sinuses

C) sphenoid sinuses

The sum of effective dose equivalent from external and internal radiation sources is expressed as А. EqD В. EfD C. TEDE D. Wt

C. TEDE

What should be the radiographer's main objective regarding personal radiation safety? (A) Not to exceed his or her dose limit (B) To keep personal exposure as far below the dose limit as possible (C) To avoid whole-body exposure (D) To wear protective apparel when "holding" patients for exposures

To keep personal exposure as far below the dose limit as possible

The four major arteries supplying the brain include the 1. brachiocephalic artery 2. common carotid arteries 3. vertebral arteries (A) 1 and 2 only wing (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2, and 3

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