Plant Bio
Which of the following statements best defines the endosymbiont theory for chloroplast? -Chloroplasts developed from chromoplasts, which arose directly from green algae -Chloroplasts arose as primitive photosynthetic organisms that eventually colonized non-photosynthetic cells -Chloroplasts only became photosynthetic after plants migrated to land -Chloroplasts developed from mitochondria
-Chloroplasts arose as primitive photosynthetic organisms that eventually colonized non-photosynthetic cells
______ is a simple tissue, and ______ is a complex tissue -Xylem; phloem -Phloem; xylem -Parenchyma; collenchyma -Parenchyma; xylem
-Parenchyma; xylem
Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is FALSE? -They have secondary walls -They often lack protoplasts at maturity -They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating -They are either fibers or sclereids
-They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating
Which of the following statements about the rhyniophytes is FALSE? -They are the earliest well-known vascular plants -They were differentiated into stems, root, and leaves -They had dichotomously branching stems -They were homosporous -They had terminal sporangia
-They were differentiated into stems, root, and leaves
When the microspore nucleus of an angiosperm divides, it gives rise directly to -two generative cells -two tube cells -a generative cell and a tube cell -prothallial cells, a generative cell, and a tube cell
-a generative cell and a tube cell
A fundamental distinction between spike mosses (Selaginella) and club mosses (Lycopodium) involves differences in -presence of ligules -dimorphic leaves (having two vegetative leaf sizes) -spore size -all of these can be used to distinguish spike mosses and club mosses
-all of these can be used to distinguish spike mosses and club mosses
Which of the following is not a member of the nightshade family? -chili pepper -tomato -apricot -potato -petunia
-apricot
Drug associated with the white willow and meadowsweet -digitalis -aspirin -ephedrine -quinine
-aspirin
Plant associated with Sigmund Freud, Sir Arthur Canan Doyle, and John Pemberton. -peyote -autumn crocus -deadly nightshade -coca plant
-coca plant
What is the function of hydroids in Polytrichum? -anchoring the gametophyte -conducting water -conducting food (carbohydrates) -aiding in spore dispersal
-conducting water
Plant associated with truth serum -mandrake -henbane -deadly nightshade -thorn apple
-deadly nightshade
Which sequence of events most likely describes the evolution of megaphylls? -overtopping, dichotomous branching, planation, webbing -planation, dichotomous branching, overtopping, webbing -overtopping, planation, webbing, dichotomous branching -dichotomous branching, overtopping, planation, webbing
-dichotomous branching, overtopping, planation, webbing
The fossil record indicates that the integument evolved through a gradual -thickening of the megasporangium wall -splitting of the megaspore wall -splitting of the ovule wall -fusion of fingerlike projections at the base of the megasporangium
-fusion of fingerlike projections at the base of the megasporangium
Which of the following statements about heterospory is FALSE? -spore produces unisexual gametophytes -gametophytes exhibit exosporic development -gametophytes are much smaller than ones from homosporous spores -living examples include spike moss (Selaginella), quillwort (Isoetes), and some ferns
-gametophytes exhibit exosporic development
Two of the original four nuclei in a pine pollen grain enter a pollen tube; one of these two, that after divisions eventually give rise to two sperm nuclei, is the -generative nucleus -sterile nucleus -tube nucleus -prothallial nucleus
-generative nucleus
Hollow pith, air canals, intercalary meristems, and conspicuously jointed stems are characteristic of -club mosses -quillworts -whisk ferns -horsetails
-horsetails
Lycopodium (club moss) differs from Selaginella (spike moss) and Isoetes (quillwort) in that Lycopodium -is differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves -has sporophylls -is homosporous -has a protostele
-is homosporous
The true indusium of Leptosporangiate ferns is a -cluster of sporangia -"fiddlehead" -leaf outgrowth covering a prothallus -leaf outgrowth covering a sorus
-leaf outgrowth covering a sorus
The magical herb mentioned in the Bible and the plays of William Shakespeare -ginseng -mayapple -wolfbane -mandrake
-mandrake
Which of the following kinds of leaves probably evolved as superficial lateral outgrowths of the stem -megaphyll -microphyll -megasporophyll -microsporophyll
-microphyll
In a heterosporous life cycle, what is the name of the sporangium that produces the spores that form the male gametophyte? -megasporangium -megaspore mother cell -microsporangium -microspore mother cell
-microsporangium
In pine leaves, the tissue that moves substances between the endodermis and the vascular tissue -hypodermis -plicate mesophyll -transfusion tissue -bundle sheath
-plicate mesophyll
The zosterophyllophytes differ from the rhyniophytes in that the zosterophyllophytes -were homosporous -were not differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves -had a protostele -produced lateral sporangia
-produced lateral sporangia
The simplest [most primitive] type of stele is the -protostele -siphonostele -dictyostele -eustele
-protostele
In the Selaginella (spike moss) life cycle, the archegonia -protrude through the megasporophyll -protrude through a rupture in the megaspore wall -develop on the microsporophyll -develop from the foot
-protrude through a rupture in the megaspore wall
With the evolution of the ovule, the unit of dispersal shifted from the megaspore to the -sperm -egg -microspore -seed
-seed
A modified leaf or leaf-like organ that bears sporangia -sporophore -synangium -sporophyll -microphyll
-sporophyll
Which of the following is the nutritive tissue for the embryo in a pine seed -perisperm -the endosperm -cotyledons -the non-reproductive cells of the female gametophyte
-the endosperm
In the Selaginella (spike moss) life cycle, what is the first source of the food that nourishes the young sporophyte? -the female gametophyte -the endosperm -the megasporophyll -the megaosporangial wall
-the female gametophyte
Which of the following statements about reproduction in vascular plants is FALSE? -the eggs are nonmotile -the gametophyte is structurally more complex than the sporophyte -all vascular plants are oogamous -there is an alternation of heteromorphic generations
-the gametophyte is structurally more complex than the sporophyte
In the Selaginella (spike moss) life cycle, what encloses the female gametophyte? -the microspore wall -the endosperm -the seed coat -the megaspore wall
-the megaspore wall
Most recent ancestor to fossil and living euphyllophytes -trimerophytes -rhyniophytes -zosterophyllophytes -psilophytes
-trimerophytes
An example of programmed cell death (death at maturity) is the differentiation of -parenchyma cells -collenchyma cells -the secondary cell wall -vessel elements
-vessel elements
Members of the extinct ______ probably evolved from an extinct rhyniophyte like Cooksonia and most likely are the ancestors of the lycophytes -pteridophytes -zosterophyllophytes -trimerophytes -charophytes
-zosterophyllophytes
Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the movement of sugars and other materials in the phloem of a leaf (the source) down the stem. 1. Water diffuses into the sieve elements. 2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis. 3. Sugar is actively transported into sieve elements. 4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf to the phloem. 5. Sugar moves down the stem 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 4, 2, 1, 3, 5 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
2, 4, 3, 1, 5
Which flower is most likely a monocot? -A flower with 12 stamens, 8 pistils, and 4 petals -A flower with 6 stamens, 3 pistils and 6 petals -A flower with 21 stamens -A flower with 10 stamens, 5 pistils, and 5 petals
A flower with 6 stamens, 3 pistils and 6 petals
Which of the following statements about CAM plants is FALSE? Their stomates are open at night All CAM plants are flowering plants They use both C3 and C4 pathways They are dependent on nighttime accumulation of CO2 for photosynthesis
All CAM plants are flowering plants
The most primitive living angiosperm -Archyopteris -Zygogynum -Drimys -Amborella -Tasmannia
Amborella
______ have pollen grains with one germination aperture -Only eudicots -Only monocots -Only magnoliids -Both eudicots and monocots -Both magnoliids and monocots
Both magnoliids and monocots
The longest-lived non-clonal tree is: -Giant sequoia- Sequoiadendron giganteum -Bristlecone Pine - Pinus longaeva -Coast redwood - Sequoiadendron semperiverens -Bald cypress - Taxodium ascendens
Bristlecone Pine - Pinus longaeva
The gametophytes of which of the following are non-green and are associated with a fungus? -Leptosporangiate ferns -Whisk ferns -mosses -Horsetails
Whisk ferns
Who in the1880's devised an experiment to learn which wavelengths (colors) of light were the most effective in carrying out photosynthesis in a green alga? Englemann Benson Hatch Calvin
Englemann
Which of the following indicates the correct sequence of tissues for symplastic movement of water from the soil into the root? Root hairs, endodermis, exodermis, cortical cells, vascular cylinder Root hairs, endodermis, cortical cells, vascular cylinder, exodermis Exodermis, endodermis, epidermis, vascular cylinder, cortical cells Epidermis, exodermis, cortical cells, endodermis, vascular cylinder
Epidermis, exodermis, cortical cells, endodermis, vascular cylinder
Which of the following groups has the most number of species? -Monocots -Magnoliids -Eudicots -Caryophyllales
Eudicots
In which gymnosperms do multiflagellated sperm swim to an archegonium? -Ginkgo only -Gnetophytes only -Cycads only -Ginkgo and cycads
Ginkgo and cycads
Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the role of phloem in sugar transport? The exudate from the stylets of feeding aphids is mainly sucrose. When a tree is girdled, the bark above the ring becomes swollen. 14C-labeled sucrose is transported in sieve tubes. Honeydew contains amino acids but not sucrose.
Honeydew contains amino acids but not sucrose
Which of the following conditions favors photorespiration? a ratio of CO2 to O2 that favors CO2 conditions that cause the stomata to open plants growing far apart a hot, dry environment
a hot, dry environment
After fertilization the integument of gymnosperms becomes -a fruit -an embryo -a seed coat -an ovule
a seed coat
The belief that if a plant part is shaped like a body part then it will be useful in treating a disease of that body part a. Doctrine of Signatures b. Doctrine of Theophrastus c. Doctrine of Dioscorides d. Doctrine of Hippocrates
a. Doctrine of Signatures
In a typical land plant life cycle, what process ends the gametophytic phase of the life cycle? a. fertilization b. meiosis
a. fertilization
When the cells of the ________ disintegrate, they form a tube through which sperm move through the archegonium to the egg. a. neck canal b. capsule c. calyptra d. venter
a. neck canal
Adaptations that evolved for living on land include all but a. photosynthesis b. vascular systems c. roots d. leaves
a. photosynthesis
In a typical land plant life cycle, what single cell develops into the multicellular gametophyte? a. spore b. zygote c. embryo d. egg
a. spore
A simple, dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit; seed coat not fused to pericarp -drupe -grain -berry -achene
achene
Which of the following fruit types is derived from a single flower having more than one pistil? -pome -pepo -multiple -aggregate
aggregate
Common Ingredients in Witch's Flying Ointments include which of the following: -henbane -belladonna -baby fat -all of these
all of these
Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity? elaters of liverworts elaters of horsetails moss peristomes all of these
all of these
In multiple fruit plants, the fruit is derived from many separate but closely clustered flowers and flower parts. Because of this a multiple fruit is always also -a supplementary fruit -an accessory fruit -a berry -poisonous
an accessory fruit
In a typical member of Leptosporangiate ferns, the: -antheridia and archegonia form on the prothallus -gametophyte persists long after the sporophyte has become independent -roots develop by circinate vernation -sporangia are produced on the upper surface of the leaves
antheridia and archegonia form on the prothallus
Plants that are characterized as xerophytes: -are adapted to areas that are neither too wet nor too dry -are adapted to dry habitats -grow wholly or partly submerged -may lack stomata in some leaves
are adapted to dry habitats
The Marsilea (Water Clover) and Salvinia (Water Moss) differ from the other families of ferns in that the Marsilea and Salvinia -are leptosporangiate -are eusporangiate -are homosporous -are heterosporous
are heterosporous
In contrast to a eusporangium, a leptosporangium -arises from a single cell -produces more spores -is larger -arises from more than one cell
arises from a single cell
The archegonia of ferns are usually located -around the margins of the gametophyte -within a sorus on a frond -among the rhizoids on the gametophyte -around the apical notch of the gametophyte
around the apical notch of the gametophyte
Which angiosperm group is characterized by having the stamen number equal to or less than the petal number and stamens fused to the petals? -rosids -monocots -magnoliids -asterids -caryophyllales
asterids
Type of placentation in which the ovules are borne on a central column of tissue in a partitioned ovary -parietal -marginal -axile -free central basal
axile
Which of the following is NOT a group of mosses of the phylum Bryophyta? a. Peat mosses b. Reindeer mosses c. True Mosses d. Granite mosses
b. Reindeer mosses
In mosses, which of the following structures is not part of the sporophyte generation? a. foot b. capsule c. spore mother cell d. calyptra
b. capsule
Which of these best describes the gametophyte in the alternation of generations life cycle? a. the diploid generation b. generation that produces the gametes c. generation that produces the spores d. generation that has vascular tissue
b. generation that produces the gametes
The tough material in plant spore cell walls that prevents damage is a. chitin b. sporopollenin c. antheridia d. lignin
b. sporopollenin
Archegoniophores and antheridiophores are features of some a. hornworts b. thalloid liverworts c. granite mosses d. peat mosses
b. thalloid liverworts
Angiosperm glade that represents an evolutionary line that arose before the divergence of magnoliids and monocots -asterids -rosids -caryophyllales -basal angiosperms -spice-bush
basal angiosperms
Which of the following likely pollinates a flower with a landing platform, irregular symmetry and nectar guides? -moths -bees -hummingbirds -wind
bees
Which combinations of words below are BOTH examples of biotic pollinators? -bees, beetles -water, beetles -wind, water -wind, bees -Homoplasy
bees, beetles
Tea made with the longest fermentation process -black -oolong -green -white
black
Zea mays (maize), a C4 plant, has PEP carboxylase, but not Rubisco Rubisco, but not PEP carboxylase both Rubisco and PEP carboxylase neither Rubisco or PEP carboxylase
both Rubisco and PEP carboxylase
A flower with a perianth with long tubes or spurs and a landing platform is most likely pollinated by which of the following? -butterflies -beetles -hummingbirds -moth
butterflies
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin are all associated with this plant -morning glory -fly agaric -opium poppy -Indian hemp
Indian hemp
The Guttenberg bible and the Declaration of Independence are associated with this plant. -psilocybin mushrooms -morning glory -Clade -Indian hemp -fly agaric
Indian hemp
Which of the following statements about palisade parenchyma is FALSE? -It is lacking in the leaves of corn and other grasses -It is usually located on the lower side of the leaf -It consists of columnar cells -It is where most of the photosynthesis in the leaf occurs
It is usually located on the lower side of the leaf
Which of the following statements about the leaf epidermis is FALSE? -It is covered with a cuticle -Its cells are loosely arranged -Stomata may be sunken in depressions -Stomata may occur on one or both leaf surfaces
Its cells are loosely arranged
Psychedelic drug associated with "trips" and "flashbacks." -ibotenic acid -psilocybin -LSD -THC
LSD
Psychedelic drug associated with "trips" and "flashbacks." -morphine -opium poppy -heroin -LSD
LSD
Type of moss with erect gametophytes with little branching a. feathery moss b. Spanish moss c. cushiony moss d. club moss
c. cushiony moss
Put the evolution of plants in order from most primitive to most recent a. green alga, nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, conifers b. nonvascular plants, green alga, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, conifers c. green alga, nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, conifers, angiosperms d. green alga, seedless vascular plants, nonvascular plants, conifers, angiosperms
c. green alga, nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, conifers, angiosperms
Sporophytes produce spores by ___; gametophytes produce gametes by ___ a. mitosis; meiosis b. mitosis; mitosis c. meiosis, mitosis d. meiosis, meiosis
c. meiosis, mitosis
Research indicates that eating a diet high in nitrogen-sulfur containing compounds is associated with having a lower risk of certain types of cancer. These compounds are produced by which of the following families -Rose -Mustard -Bean -Carrot
Mustard
Which of the following statements about gymnosperms is FALSE? -gymnosperm means "naked seed" -ovules are exposed on the surface of ovuliferous scales -The female gametophyte produces several archegonia -The male gametophyte produces several antheridia
The male gametophyte produces several antheridia
Which of the following concerning psychoactive drugs is false a. most act on cells of CNS and spinal column b. alter natural interaction between neurons c. most are alcohols d. may mimic or alter neurotransmitter behavior
c. most are alcohols
The alkaloid found in the most popular stimulating beverages -ergotamine -morphine -nicotine -caffeine
caffeine
A dry, dehiscent fruit that develops from a compound pistil and opens in various ways -nut -follicle -capsule -legume
capsule
Compared with a C3 plant, a C4 plant: has more photorespiration carbon-fixation in C4 plants has larger energy cost [ATP] than in C3 plants has more Rubisco has a higher leaf nitrogen content
carbon-fixation in C4 plants has larger energy cost [ATP] than in C3 plants
Which angiosperm group has betalain compounds and free-central placentation? -eudicots -monocots -magnoliids -basal families -caryophyllales
caryophyllales
Indehiscent dry fruits are categorized into several types. Which of the following types is characterized by the pericarp being firmly united to the seed, and often indistinguishable? -caryopsis -nut -samara -achene
caryopsis
The cells of the endodermis develop a ring of suberin on their sidewalls and upper and lower walls. This ring is called a transfusion strip stelar ring protoxylem ring casparain strip
casparain strip
A slim, cylindrical inflorescence with unisexual flowers with no petals and is usually wind-pollinated -umbel -spike -panicle -catkin
catkin
The sequence of regions or areas in a growing root, beginning immediately behind the rootcap, is: -elongation, maturation, cell division -cell division, maturation, elongation -cell division, elongation, maturation -elongation, cell division, maturation
cell division, elongation, maturation
Beverage plant whose history and use is associated with South America, Holland, Switzerland, and Peter Paul -coffee -tea -cola -chocolate
chocolate
A group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single "branch" on the "tree of life" -glade -clade -taxon -species -family
clade
Which beverage or beverage plant is native to Africa -tea -coffee -guarana -chocolate
coffee
A protective sheath surrounding the emerging shoot of seedlings of the Grass Family, e.g., corn -crozier -root cap -coleoptile -none of these
coleoptile
A flower that has sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils -complete -perfect -imperfect -incomplete
complete
The largest (most species) group of gymnosperms -cycads -gnetophytes -ginkgoes -conifers
conifers
In a woody eudicot root one meter in diameter, which tissue would NOT be present? primary xylem secondary phloem secondary xylem cortex
cortex
In a eudicot stem, ______ is the ground tissue external to the system of vascular bundles and ______ is the ground tissue internal to these strands -pith; cortex -cortex; pith -xylem; cortex -pith; phloem
cortex; pith
In a moss life cycle, if there are 1500 diploid spore mother cells in a young moss capsule, how many haploid spores will the mature capsule contain? a. 1500 b. 3000 c. 4500 d. 6000
d. 6000
Hornworts are distinct from the liverworts on the basis that a. The sporophyte is shaped like a tapered horn b. The sporophyte has an intercalary meristem, so it can grow indeterminately c. The sporophytes are short-lived d. Both A and B are correct
d. both A and B are correct
The alkaloid that interferes with mitosis a. ephedrine b. mescaline c. cocaine d. colchicine
d. colchicine
Bryophytes are a group of organisms at the transition (change) between a. fungi and plants b. nonvascular and vascular plants c. aquatic and terrestrial plants d. green algae and vascular plants
d. green algae and vascular plants
The Native American Church is associated to which of the following? a. coca plant b. autumn crocus c. coca leaves d. peyote cactus
d. peyote cactus
After they germinate, moss spores first give rise to a a. hypha b. archegonium c. rhizoid d. protonema
d. protonema
In Marchantia, the mature capsule contains a. spores only b. elaters only c. gemmae only d. spores and elaters
d. spores and elaters
A tree has only pistillate flowers. This species is _______ with _______ flowers. -monoecious: perfect -monoecious: imperfect -dioecious; perfect -dioecious: imperfect
dioecious: imperfect
By definition, an indehiscent fruit: -is fleshy -has a single carpel -does not break open at maturity -has an inferior ovary
does not break open at maturity
In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the ______, and the other sperm fuses with the ______ -egg; synergids -egg; polar nuclei -egg; antipodals -synergid; polar nuclei
egg; polar nuclei
The part of an embryo or seedling above the attachment point of the cotyledon(s) -radicle -hypocotyl -epicotyl -coleoptile
epicotyl
Illness known as Saint Anthony's Fire or Holy Fire is associated with which of the following: -teonanacatyl -belladonna -peyote cactus -ergot
ergot
Triaperturate pollen is characteristic of -eudicots -dicots -monocots -magnoliids -gymnosperms
eudicots
The skin of a peach or cherry is technically the -mesocarp -exocarp -seed coat -endocarp
exocarp
In woody plant stems vascular rays -extend through the vascular cambium into both secondary phloem and secondary xylem -extend into the secondary xylem only -extend into the secondary phloem only -are only formed during primary growth
extend through the vascular cambium into both secondary phloem and secondary xylem
In sexual reproduction of gymnosperms -the female gametophyte is mature at the time of pollination -seeds mature during the same season as pollination -fertilization occurs approximately one year after pollination takes place -fertilization occurs immediately after pollination
fertilization occurs approximately one year after pollination takes place
A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a simple pistil that splits along one side only: -follicle -legume -capsule -grain
follicle
The function of the endosperm is to provide ______ for the embryo -support -oxygen -food -protection
food
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary trend among flowers? -from regular symmetry to irregular symmetry -from spirally arranged to whorls -from an indefinite number of parts to a definite number of parts -from an inferior ovary to a superior ovary
from an inferior ovary to a superior ovary
The smallest (fewest species) group of gymnosperms -cycads -gnetophytes -ginkgoes -conifers
ginkgoes
Which of the following groups of gymnosperms have vessels in their wood? -gnetophytes -- Phylum Gnetophyta -conifers -- Phylum Coniferophyta -ginkgoes -- Phylum Ginkgophyta -cycads -- Phylum Cycadophyta
gnetophytes -- Phylum Gnetophyta
Which of the following is an example of a Eusporangiate fern -grape fern - Botrychium -aquatic ferns - Azolla and Salvinia -tree ferns - Dicksonia -water clover - Marsilea
grape fern - Botrychium
A monoecious gymnosperm -has bisexual cones with both male and female sporangia -has male cones and female cones on the same plant -has male cones on one plant and female cones on another plant -does not form cones
has male cones and female cones on the same plant
The prothallus of a leptosporangiate fern is a(n): -cluster of sporangia -heart-shaped gametophyte -outgrowth of a leaf -portion of the rachis
heart-shaped gametophyte
The commonly dark-colored wood in which no water transport occurs -early wood -sapwood -heartwood -annual ring
heartwood
At the turn of the century (1898), this new drug was described as "the perfect drug, more potent than morphine yet less harmful' -crack cocaine -mescaline -heroin -mescaline
heroin
A fruit with a leathery rind with oil glands -drupe -pepo -hesperidium -pome
hesperidium
A red flower with a tubular corolla, no scent, and a substantial nectar reward is most likely pollinated by which of the following? -moths -beetles -hummingbirds -mammals
hummingbirds
Most of the flesh of a pome comes from the -hypanthium -ovary -enlarged stamen bases -the petal bases
hypanthium
Type of germination in which the hypocotyl does not elongate and the cotyledons remain in the soil during germination -hypogeous -epigeous -geophilic -none of these
hypogeous
In a woody 8-year old stems, primary xylem -is organized into annual rings -is next to the pith -replaces secondary xylem -is derived from the vascular cambium
is next to the pith
The bean-shaped sporocarp of Marsilea is thought to be part of a modified leaf (false indusium). Superficially it looks like a seed that contains an embryo, but actually it is not at all seed-like because -it is not the right shape -it has a hard outer coat -it contains both microspores and megaspores -it requires filing to become activated
it contains both microspores and megaspores
Which statement is NOT true of primary growth in stems -it increases the girth or circumference of stems -it involves tissue differentiation -it results in the formation of lateral buds -it is responsible for stem elongation
it increases the girth or circumference of stems
Which of the following statements about the rootcap is FALSE? it secretes mucilage its shed peripheral (outer) cells are not replaced it helps the root penetrate the soil its peripheral (outer) cells are released (shed) as it grows through the soil
its shed peripheral (outer) cells are not replaced
The fruit characteristic of the pea or bean family is a(n) -achene -follicle -legume -capsule
legume
Disease associated with Father Damien, Gerhard Hansen, and Joseph Rock -malaria -leprosy -dropsy -leukemia
leprosy
Transpiration is the: flow of water through the xylem. loss of water vapor from plants. absorption of water by roots. loss of carbon dioxide from leaves.
loss of water vapor from plants.
Which plants are characterized by having oil cells containing ethereal oils? -eudicots -monocots -magnoliids -eudicots and monocots -magnoliids and monocots
magnoliids
Disease associated with Jesuit's bark -leprosy -malaria -dropsy -leukemia
malaria
In seed plants, the ______ is called the nucellus -young sporophyte -female gametophyte -megaspore -megasporangium
megasporangium
Which is NOT a characteristic of Psilotum? -three-lobed sporangium (synangium) -meiosis within a sporangium produces gametes -gametophyte develops from spores -the gametophyte is subterranean
meiosis within a sporangium produces gametes
Illness known as "Soldier's Disease" is associated with which of the following: -opium -heroin -mescaline -morphine
morphine
Which is NOT true of Leptosporangiate ferns? -sporangia may be grouped to form sori -a sorus may be covered by a protective covering -most are heterosporous -most produce a heart-shaped gametophyte (prothallus)
most are heterosporous
Which of the following likely pollinates a white flower with strong scent and opening after dusk? -bees -moths -hummingbirds -wind
moths
Laudanum and paregoric are associated with which of the following -peyote -coca plant -opium poppy -marijuana
opium poppy
A leaf arrangement in which there are two leaves at a node is called -alternate -whorled -opposite -palmate
opposite
What is the major factor that influences the direction of expansion of plant cells and ultimately the shape of the cell? -the amount of lignin present -orientation of microfibrils in the cell wall -gravity -the arrangement of the plasmodesmata in the cell wall
orientation of microfibrils in the cell wall
Rubisco can use ______ or CO2 as a substrate 3-phosphoglycerate oxygen glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxaloacetate
oxygen
A eudicot leaf tissue composed of columnar chloroplast-bearing parenchyma cells with their long axes at right angles to the leaf surface -spongy mesophyll -palisade mesophyll -transfusion tissue -endodermis
palisade mesophyll
Venation in which the principal veins radiate out from a common point is termed -pinnate -parallel -palmate -dichotomous
palmate
A leaf composition term that describes a compound leaf that has four or more leaflets attached at the same point -whorled -pinnately compound -trifoliate -palmately compound
palmately compound
The ground tissue or fundamental tissue of monocot stems is composed primarily of -collenchyma -sclerenchyma -cork -parenchyma
parenchyma
A modified berry with a hard rind is called a -drupe -hesperidium -pepo -pome
pepo
Lateral roots develop from the pericycle endodermis vascular cambium cortex cells
pericycle
Flower organization in which the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the margin of a cup-shaped hypanthium -hypogynous -perigynous -epigynous -inferior
perigynous
If a flower has long pedicels or filaments, flowers before leaves grow and has lots of pollen, what can you infer about its most likely pollination method? -pollinated by bees -self pollinating -pollinates by wind -relies on human intervention to pollinate
pollinates by wind
Which of the following was NOT a step in the evolution of the ovule? -retention of the megaspores in the megasporangium -production of only four megaspore mother cells per megasporangium -production of only one functional megaspore per megasporangium -development of the embryo within the female gametophyte
production of only four megaspore mother cells per megasporangium
Seed plants evolved most directly from -lycophytes -ferns -progymnosperms -trimerophytes
progymnosperms
The tissues of plants known as primary meristems include -procambium, cork cambium, and ground meristem -vascular cambium, cuticle, and parenchyma -protoderm, parenchyma, and ground meristem -protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem
protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem
The function of elaiosomes is to: -provide food for ants -produce noxious chemicals that deter herbivores -facilitate dispersal by wind -facilitate dispersal by water
provide food for ants
Digitalis, a plant compound used to treat heart disease, is derived from -purple foxglove -fever-bark tree -Mayapple -kalaw tree
purple foxglove
Coffee is in the same family as the plant that produces -quinine -tea -digitalis -taxol
quinine
An indeterminate inflorescence in which the main axis (rachis) is elongated and the flowers are attached to the rachis on unbranched pedicels that are about equal in length -raceme -spike -panicle -umbel
raceme
What structure emerges first from a germinating seed -cotyledons -epicotyl -hypocotyl -radicle
radicle
A flower that can be split vertically in many directions through its center into two equal halves has -regular symmetry -an inferior ovary -irregular symmetry -a superior ovary
regular symmetry
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall? -regulate symplastic movement -protection and support -communication through plasmodesmata -resist internal turgor pressure
regulate symplastic movement
Which of the following types of fruit do not split at maturity? -samara -legume -follicle -capsule
samara
Adventitious roots on stems are formed from which of the following regions in a stem secondary phloem pith rays cortex epidermis
secondary phloem
In a conifer seed, three different generations are represented by the -integument, nucellus, and egg -seed coat, embryo, and food supply -seed coat, archegonium, and food supply -integument, ovule, and embryo
seed coat, embryo, and food supply
Which of the following is associated with the abscission zone of the leaf -separation layer -gelatinous layer -transfusion layer -hormonal layer
separation layer
The porous end walls of food-conducting cells in flowering plants are called -plasmodesmata -pits -sieve plates -albuminous cells
sieve plates
The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is -magnesium salts -silica -calcium carbonate -potassium chloride
silica
A spadix is typically surrounded by a leaf-like curved bract known as a -blade -involcure -spathe -adventitious leaf
spathe
An inflorescence in which the main axis (rachis) is elongated and the flowers are attached directly (no pedicel) to the rachis -umbel -spike -panicle -raceme
spike
In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an frond rhizome adventitious root sporangium prothallus
sporangium
The name of the layer of large, thin-walled xylem cells produced early in the growing season -heartwood -springwood -sapwood -summerwood
springwood
A bulb is different from a corm in that a bulb -has thinner leaves -has a fleshy stem -stores food in its leaves -stores food in its stem
stores food in its leaves
The fatty substance in the walls of cork cells is -cutin -latex -cellulose -suberin
suberin
If the corolla and calyx are both attached below the ovary, the ovary is ___ and flower is ____. -superior : epigynous -superior : hypogynous -inferior : epigynous -inferior : hypogynous
superior : hypogynous
Substances move through the living part of the plant cell by ________movement and substances move through the non-living parts of the cell by __________movement. -transmembrane, symplastic -symplastic, apoplastic -symplastic, transmembrane -transmembrane, apoplastic
symplastic, apoplastic
In Corn (Zea), the 4-carbon compounds (malate or aspartate) produced in the C4 pathway moves next into: the mesophyll cells. the bundle-sheath cells. the stomata. Photosystem I.
the bundle-sheath cells.
Two events that occur in the life cycle of an angiosperm are: the formation of microspore mother cells and the formation of microspores -the first event precedes the second event -the second event precedes the first event -both events occur more or less simultaneously
the first event precedes the second event
In a seed, the seed coat is comprised of tissues belonging to -the new sporophyte generation -the old sporophyte generation -the new gametophyte generation -the old gametophyte generation
the old sporophyte generation
Underground stems (like a stolon or rhizome) are stems rather than roots because -they store food in their cells -they may develop branch roots -they posses nodes, Internodes, and leaves -they carry on photosynthesis
they posses nodes, Internodes, and leaves
Which of the following is not a leaf or a modified leaf -spine -bract -thorn -all are modified leaves
thorn
After caffeine and alcohol the third most widely used legal, psychoactive alkaloid in the world is derived from which of the following plants? -tobacco - Nicotiana -chocolate - Theobroma -morning glory - Ipomoea -tea - Camellia
tobacco - Nicotiana
The water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree (long distances) as a result of active transport of ions into the vascular bundle atmospheric pressure on roots transpiration of water through stomata the force of root pressure osmosis in the root
transpiration of water through stomata
In an angiosperm life cycle, which of the following does not belong with the others? -ovule -polar nuclei -egg cell -tube cell
tube cell
The order of tissues encountered in a dicot leaf from top to bottom would be -lower epidermis, palidade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy parenchyma, upper epidermis -upper epidermis, spongy parenchyma, xylem, phloem, palidade parenchyma, lower epidermis -upper epidermis, palidade parenchyma, phloem, xylem, spongy parenchyma, lower epidermis -upper epidermis, palidade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy parenchyma, lower epidermis
upper epidermis, palidade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy parenchyma, lower epidermis
In CAM plants, malate formed as the end product of CO2 fixation in the dark is stored as malic acid in the: chloroplast stroma. thylakoid lumen. cytosol. vacuole.
vacuole
Perforations are characteristic of the ______ of ______ -tracheids; angiosperms -vessel elements; angiosperms -tracheids; gymnosperms -vessel elements; conifers
vessel elements; angiosperms
In the process of guttation, all of the following events occur EXCEPT: water forms from the condensation of water from the air drops of water form at the tips or along the margin of leaves water exudes through stomata that lack the ability to open and close water exudes through openings in structures called hydathodes
water forms from the condensation of water from the air
Enations are small, flattened green protuberances found on the stems of -club mosses - Lycopodium -whisk ferns - Psilotum -spike mosses - Selaginella -horsetails -- Equisetum
whisk ferns - Psilotum
Which of the following has neither true leaves nor roots -club mosses - Lycopodium -whisk ferns - Psilotum -spike mosses - Selaginella -horsetails -- Equisetum
whisk ferns - Psilotum
Seed dispersal mechanism characterized by small, lightweight seeds with curved wings, inflated sacs, or plumes -wind -bird -ant -water
wind
In plant life cycles, which of the following sequences is correct? -sporophyte, mitosis, spores, gametophyte -spores, meiosis, gametophyte, mitosis -zygote, sporophyte, meiosis, spores -gametophyte, meiosis, gametes, zygote
zygote, sporophyte, meiosis, spores
