pluralistic ignorance & social norms

social inhibition

-constrained = there is a sufficient situational explanation for others' not leaving. nothing can be inferred from their behavior. conclude = they might also be confused -unconstrained = there is not a sufficient situational explanation for others not leaving. assume less inhibition. conclude = they have better understanding than me

bystander non-intervantion

-diffusion of responsibility -pluralistic ignorance

smoke-filled room experiment

-smoke filled a room as the participant was filling out a questionnaire -IV = person was alone, person was surrounded with other participants, person was with 2 stoic confederates -reported alone was the highest, then with group of participants, then with confederates -pluralistic ignorance = situation does not seem dangerous because no one else thinks its dangerous -informational influence = change in the definition of the situation -normative influence = don't want to appear panicked/alarmist

kitty genovese

-stabbed to death outside her apartment and no one reported it even though 40 people heard it happen -bystander effect

basic moral

tendency for behavior to move in the direction of a communicated social norm

using norms to change behavior

-knowledge of what other people do can have a major effect on behavior -communicating descriptive norms can significantly change people's behavior

pluralistic ignorance

-people gauge how serious the situation is from the reaction of others -look at what others are doing, if no one else is rushing to the scene, then it doesn't seem serious -a case where virtually all members of a group reject a particular belief or norm, but believe that virtually every other member accepts it

3 steps to pluralistic ignorance

-people self-censor (do not always express true thoughts and feelings in fear) -people incorrectly conclude that others are expressing their true feelings and thoughts, even they are self-censoring -people conclude that their own thoughts and feelings are not shared by others

injunctive/prescriptive norms

what behaviors are approved of or disapproved of in particular situations

descriptive norms

what behaviors are performed in particular situations