PM Chapter 2
Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams.
False
Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
Structural Frame
_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.
Competitors
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created.
Concept
The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
Politcal Frame
Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
Project
_____ refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other.
Unit Integration
Which of the following best describes outsourcing?
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.
False
An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.
True
Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.
True
The symbolic perspective of an organization:
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization
According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.
True
An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
True
Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.
True
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
True
Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders.
True
Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management
True
The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle
True
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
Deliverable
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.
False
Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure.
False
Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.
False
Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.
False
Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.
False
The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
False
The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.
False
The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
False
The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality.
False
When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.
False
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.
Human Resources
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.
Symbolic
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.
System Analysis
Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.
System Thinking
In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously.
Prototyping Life Cycle
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult
False
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
True
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined.
Waterfall Life Cycle
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____.
the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In the development phase of the project life cycle:
the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.
Matrix
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure.
Functional
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession
Member identify
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.
RAD Life Cycle
Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
True
Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development?
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?
In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.
Incremental Build Life Cycle
Which of the following is true of virtual teams?
It is important to select team members carefully.
_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environement
Open-Systems Focus
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization
Organizational culture
The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
People Focus
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.
Project
The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred as___
Project Feasibility
The same organization can have different subcultures.
True
In organizational culture, control refers to _____.
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
Functional
In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.
Implementation
