PM-ks-C6-mymanyTests
78. In a network diagram, a(n) _____ is the starting and ending point of an activity.
ANSWER: node
79. In a(n) _____ relationship, the "from" activity must start before the "to" activity can be finished.
ANSWER: start-to-finish
22. A backward pass through the network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. a. True b. False
False It determines the late start and late finish dates for each activity. In contrast, a forward pass determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.
8. Milestones are easy to achieve and are always achieved through one main activity. a. True b. False
False It is a significant event that normally has no duration. It often takes several activities and a lot of work to complete a milestone, but the milestone itself is like a marker to help in identifying necessary activities.
28. The final process in project schedule management is developing the schedule. a. True b. False
False It is controlling the schedule. Like scope control, schedule control is a portion of the integrated change control process under project integration management.
32. In project schedule management, which process generates the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list? a. sequencing activities b. defining activities c. resource estimating activities d. estimating activity durations
?? b. Gotta be a. In project schedule management, the main outputs of the sequencing activities process are an activity list, activity attributes, a milestone list, and project management plan updates.
53. After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, what is the next process in project schedule management? a. develop the schedule. b. control the schedule. c. determine their dependencies. d. estimate the duration of activities.
??? d After working with key stakeholders to define activities, determine their dependencies, and estimate their resources, the next process in project schedule management is to estimate the duration of activities.
98. Describe critical path analysis. How is the critical path calculated?
ANSWER: Critical path analysis is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. This important tool can help combat project schedule overruns. A critical path for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed. It is the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float. To find the critical path for a project, one must first develop a good network diagram, which, in turn, requires a good activity list based on the work breakdown structure. Once a network diagram is created, one must also estimate the duration of each activity to determine the critical path. Calculating the critical path involves adding the durations for all activities on each path through the network diagram. The longest path is the critical path.
80. _____ have no duration and no resources but are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.
ANSWER: Dummy activities
81. _____ is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.
ANSWER: Effort
90. _____ occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a time.
ANSWER: Multitasking
91. _____ states that if something can go wrong, it will.
ANSWER: Murphy's Law
89. The _____ is based on the fact that any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits its ability to achieve more of its goal.
ANSWER: Theory of Constraints TOC Theory of Constraints (TOC)
85. A(n) _____ Gantt chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.
ANSWER: Tracking
74. The _____ is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.
ANSWER: activity list
75. The activity list should include the _____, an activity identifier, and a brief description of the activity.
ANSWER: activity name
3. In project schedule management, the next step after sequencing activities is to define these activities. a. True b. False
False Estimating activity durations involves estimating how many resources— people, equipment, and materials—a project team should use to perform project activities. In project time management, this process follows after sequencing activities.
29. A drawback of project management software is that it does not have the capacity to calculate the critical path(s) for a project. T/F
False It can draw network diagrams, determine the critical path, create Gantt charts, and report, view, and filter specific project time management information.
14. A merge occurs when one node precedes multiple nodes. a. True b. False
False It's when two or more nodes precede a single node. On the other hand, bursts occur when two or more activities follow a single node.
11. Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing. a. True b. False
True . And it is a schematic display of the logical relationships among project activities and their sequencing.
23. Knowing the amount of float allows project managers to know whether a project schedule is flexible. a. True b. False
True A fast and easy way to determine early and late start and finish dates and free and total slack amounts for activities is by using project management software.
65. Which law states that work expands to fill the time allowed? a. Murphy's Law b. Miller's Law c. Parkinson's Law d. Einstein's Law
c Parkinson's Law states that work expands to fill the time allowed.
38. Which document is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule? a. resource breakdown structure b. milestones list c. organizational process assets update d. project charter
d The project charter
87. A(n) _____ for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed.
ANSWER: critical path
45. Which dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities? a. mandatory b. discretionary c. external d. inherent
c External dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities.
34. In project schedule management, which process involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities? a. defining activities b. sequencing activities c. planning schedule management d. estimating activity durations
d Estimating activity durations. Outputs include activity duration estimates and project documents updates.
12-a A network diagram
is a schematic display of the logical relationships among project activities and their sequencing. It represents activities that must be done to complete the project.
1. An activity is an element of work that has an expected duration, cost, and resource requirements. a. True b. False
true- it's normally found on the work breakdown structure (WBS)
70. In a project schedule, the variable that has the least amount of flexibility is _____.
ANSWER: time
10. A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or tasks. a. True b. False
True Determining these relationships or dependencies among activities has a significant impact on developing and managing a project schedule.
5. A schedule management plan includes information which describes the format and frequency of schedule reports required for the project. a. True b. False
True It includes information on reporting formats. This information describes the format and frequency of schedule reports required for the project. In addition, it also includes information on process descriptions and describes how all of the schedule management processes will be performed.
71. _____ involves the processes required to ensure timely completion of a project.
ANSWER: Project schedule management
84. SMART criteria are guidelines suggesting that milestones should be _____.
ANSWER: Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Time-framed
99. What is the Theory of Constraints? Describe critical chain scheduling, an application of the Theory of Constraints.
ANSWER: The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy developed by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and is based on the metaphor of a chain and its weakest link: Any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits the ability to achieve more of the system's goal. For the system to attain any significant improvements, that constraint must be identified, and the whole system must be managed with it in mind. Critical chain scheduling is a method that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date. An important concept in critical chain scheduling is the availability of scarce resources. For instance, if a particular piece of equipment is needed full time to complete each of two tasks that were originally planned to occur simultaneously, critical chain scheduling acknowledges that one must either delay one of those tasks until the equipment is available or find another piece of equipment in order to meet the schedule. Other important concepts related to critical chain scheduling include multitasking and time buffers.
95. List and briefly describe the main processes involved in project schedule management. ANSWER: The main processes involved in project schedule management are as follows: (1) Planning schedule management involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule. (2) Defining activities involves identifying the specific activities that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables. (3) Sequencing activities involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities. (4) Estimating activity durations involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities. (5) Developing the schedule involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule. (6) Controlling the schedule involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule.
ANSWER: The main processes involved in project schedule management are as follows: (1) Planning schedule management involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule. (2) Defining activities involves identifying the specific activities that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables. (3) Sequencing activities involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities. (4) Estimating activity durations involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities. (5) Developing the schedule involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule. (6) Controlling the schedule involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule.
76. In the activity defining process, the project team should review the _____ and activity attributes with project stakeholders before moving on to the next step in project schedule management.
ANSWER: activity list
93. One of the first reality checks on scheduling that a project manager should make is to review the _____.
ANSWER: draft schedule
72. In project schedule management, the process of _____ involves deciding how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities.
ANSWER: estimating activity resources
88. A(n) _____ determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity in a project.
ANSWER: forward pass
77. A(n) _____ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among project activities and their sequencing.
ANSWER: network diagram
92. The main outputs of _____ include work performance information, schedule forecasts, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates.
ANSWER: schedule control
73. After reviewing the project management plan, project charter, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets, the project team uses expert judgment, analytical techniques, and meetings to develop the _____.
ANSWER: schedule management plan
86. A white diamond on a Tracking Gantt chart represents a(n) _____.
ANSWER: slipped milestone
94. A drawback of using _____ or sample files is that managers and their teams might rely heavily on them and ignore unique concerns for their particular projects.
ANSWER: templates
82. Duration estimates can be provided as a discrete number, a range, or as a(n) _____.
ANSWER: three-point estimate
83. The ultimate goal of developing a realistic project schedule is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the _____ dimension of the project.
ANSWER: time
27. One of PERT's main disadvantages is that it does not address the risk associated with duration estimates. a. True b. False.
False It's that it involves more work than CPM because it requires several duration estimates, and there are better probabilistic methods for assessing schedule risk
15. Start-to-finish relationships are the most frequently used dependencies between activities. a. True b. False
False One of the four types of dependencies or relationships between activities is the start-to-finish dependency. This is a relationship in which the "from" activity must start before the "to" activity can be finished. This type of relationship is rarely used, but it is appropriate in some cases.
24. The main disadvantage of crashing is that it lengthens the time needed to finish a project. a. True b. False
False The main advantage is that it shortens the time needed to finish a project. The main disadvantage is that it often increases total project costs.
19. A disadvantage of using Gantt charts is that they do not provide a standard format for displaying planned project schedule information. a. True b. False
False The main advantage is that they provide a standard format for displaying planned and actual project schedule information.
17. In a Gantt chart, thick black bars represent milestones achieved in a project. a. True b. False
False They provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form. In this, a black diamond symbol represents a milestone.
12. The arrows in a network diagram represent missed milestones in a project. a. True b. False
False They represent the activity sequencing or relationships between tasks.
26. Critical chain scheduling assumes that resources multitask and maximizes multitasking. a. True b. False
False This is a method that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date. It assumes that resources do not multitask or at least minimize multitasking.
16. A drawback of the precedence diagramming method is that it cannot be used unless dummy activities are employed. a. True b. False
False This method offers a number of advantages over the AOA technique. One advantage is that using this method avoids the need to use dummy activities.
9. After defining project activities, the next step in project schedule management is developing the schedule. a. True b. False
False the next step in project time management is sequencing them or determining their dependencies.
2. In project schedule management, the primary output of defining activities is a schedule management plan. a. True b. False
False- the main output of defining activities are an 1. activity list, 2. activity attributes, 3. a milestone list, and 4. project management plan updates.
20. In a critical path analysis, the shortest path is what drives the completion date for the project. a. True b. False
False-Several tasks are done in parallel on projects, and most projects have multiple paths through a network diagram. The longest path or the path that contains the critical tasks is what drives the completion date for the project.
13. In a network diagram, it is mandatory for every item on the WBS to be shown instead of only those activities with dependencies. a. True b. False
False-only activities with dependencies need to be shown.
96. What are milestones? Describe.
Milestones are the most important and visible events in a project and normally have no duration. It often takes several activities and a lot of work to complete a milestone, but the milestone itself is like a marker to help in identifying necessary activities. Milestones are also useful tools or setting schedule goals and monitoring progress. Not every deliverable or output created for a project is really a milestone.
97. What is a network diagram? Describe two network diagramming methods.
Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing. They are a schematic display of the logical relationships among project activities and their sequencing. They represent activities that must be done to complete the project. Every activity on the network diagram must be completed in order for the project to finish. Two types of network diagramming methods are as follows: (1) The arrow diagramming method (ADM): This is a network diagramming technique in which activities are represented by arrows and connected at points called nodes to illustrate the sequence of activities. A node is simply the starting and ending point of an activity. The first node signifies the start of a project, and the last node represents the end of a project. (2) The precedence diagramming method (PDM): This is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities. It is particularly useful for visualizing certain types of time relationships.
25. The technique of fast tracking can result in lengthening the project schedule. a. True b. False
True The main disadvantage of fast tracking is that it can lengthen the project schedule because starting some tasks too soon often increases project risk and results in rework.
4. Project schedules grow out of basic documents such as the project charter. a. True b. False
True They grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project. The project charter often mentions planned project start and end dates, which serve as the starting points for a more detailed schedule.
6. To define activities, the project team should start with reviewing the schedule management plan, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational processes. T/F
True This involves identifying the specific actions that will produce the project deliverables in enough detail to determine resource and schedule estimates. (6)
18. A Tracking Gantt chart is based on the percentage of work completed for project tasks or the actual start and finish dates. a. True b. False
True and it allows the project manager to monitor schedule progress on individual tasks and the whole project.
7. It is important for the activity list and activity attributes to be in agreement with the work breakdown structure. a. True b. False
True- and information is added to the activity attributes as it becomes available; this information includes logical relationships and resource requirements that are determined in later processes.
21. The critical path on a project can change as the project progresses. a. True b. False
True-It represents the shortest time required to complete a project and can change as the project progresses.
40. Which term is used for a significant event on a project that normally has no duration? a. milestone b. activity attribute c. activity sequence d. schedule baseline
a A milestone. It often takes several activities and a lot of work to complete a milestone, but the milestone itself is like a marker to help in identifying necessary activities.
49. During which relationship is the "from" activity unable start until the "to" activity is started? a. start-to-start b. finish-to-finish c. finish-to-start d. start-to-finish
a A start-to-start dependency
55. Which provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format? a. Gantt charts b. Critical path analysis c. Arrow diagramming method d. PERT analysis
a Gantt charts provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form. They are sometimes referred to as bar charts because the activities' start and end dates are shown as horizontal bars.
68. Which is an output of schedule control? a. change requests b. activity attributes c. resource requirements d. milestones lists
a The main outputs of schedule control include work performance measurements, organizational process assets updates such as lessons-learned reports related to schedule control, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates.
47. Which network diagramming technique uses boxes to represent activities? a. PDM b. CPM c. ADM d. PERT
a The precedence diagramming method (PDM). It is particularly useful for visualizing certain types of time relationships.
59. What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date? a. total slack b. free float c. backward pass d. forward pass
a Total slack or total float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date.
31. Which process in project schedule management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables? a. defining activities b. sequencing activities c. developing the schedule d. estimating activity durations.
a defining activities
43. Which type of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project? a. mandatory b. discretionary c. external d. random.
a. _________dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project. They are sometimes referred to as hard logic
41. In project schedule management, the main goal of which process is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work? a. defining activities b. estimating activity durations c. estimating activity resources d. controlling the schedule
a. defining activities, and activity information is a required input to the other time management processes.
52. Which is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process? a. project documents update b. milestone list c. breakdown structure d. activity duration estimate
a...activity resource requirements, a resource breakdown structure, and project documents updates.
51. Which is true of dummy activities? a. They have long durations. b. They show logical relationships between activities. c. They have a large range of resources. d. They have limited time periods.
are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.
42. In project schedule management, what is the next step after defining project activities? a. planning schedule management b. determining their dependencies c. controlling the schedule d. estimating activity duration
b -sequencing them or determining their dependencies. The sequencing process involves evaluating the reasons for dependencies and the different types of dependencies.
57. The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float. a. longest; longest b. longest; shortest c. shortest; longest d. shortest; shortest
b A critical path for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed. It is the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float.
48. Which dependencies do AOA network diagrams use? a. start-to-start b. finish-to-start c. finish-to-finish d. start-to-finish
b A finish-to-start dependency is the most common type of relationship or dependency and AOA network diagrams use only finish-to-start dependencies. It is a relationship in which the "from" activity or predecessor must finish before the "to" activity or successor can start.
37. In project schedule management, which is an output of controlling the schedule? a. activity duration estimate b. project management plan update c. activity attribute d. milestones list
b Controlling the schedule involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule. Outputs include work performance information, schedule forecasts, change requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates, and organizational process assets updates.
62. Which technique is used for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost? a. dependency b. crashing c. critical chain scheduling d. feeding buffers
b Crashing is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. The main advantage of crashing is shortening the time needed to finish a project.
64. How does critical chain scheduling protect tasks on the critical chain from being delayed? a. critical paths b. feeding buffers c. dummy activities d. fast tracking
b Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using feeding buffers, which consist of time added before tasks on the critical chain if they are preceded by other tasks that are not on the critical path.
56. Which technique involves network diagramming and is used primarily to predict total project duration? a. Gantt chart b. critical path analysis c. resource breakdown structure d. arrow diagramming method
b Critical path method (CPM) —also called critical path analysis —is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. This important tool helps combat project schedule overruns.
35. In project schedule management, which process involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule? a. planning schedule management b. developing the schedule c. controlling the schedule d. defining activities
b Developing the schedule Outputs include a schedule baseline, project schedule, schedule data, project calendars, project management plan updates, and project documents updates.
69. Where would a draft schedule for a project most likely be found? a. project buffer b. project charter c. resource breakdown structure d. project's dummy activities list
b One of te first reality checks for a project manager is to review the draft schedule that is usually included in the project charter. Although this draft schedule might include only a project start and end date, the project charter sets some initial schedule expectations for the project.
33. In project schedule management, which process primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities? a. defining activities b. sequencing activities c. planning schedule management d. estimating activity durations
b Sequencing activities The main outputs of this process include project schedule network diagrams and project documents updates.
44. Which dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options? a. mandatory b. discretionary c. external d. inherent
b _____________ dependencies are defined by the project team. sometimes called soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options.
50. Which is true of a finish-to-finish dependency? a. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity or successor is started. b. It is a dependency in which in which the "from" activity must finish before the "to" activity or successor can start. c. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished. d. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must start before the "to" activity can be finished.
c A finish-to-finish dependency is a relationship in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished. One task cannot finish before another finishes.
61. Which technique involves doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence? a. Critical chain scheduling b. Crashing c. Fast tracking d. PERT analysis
c Fast tracking involves doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence. The main advantage of fast tracking is that it can shorten the time needed to finish a project.
36. In project schedule management, which process primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule? a. estimating activity durations b. developing the schedule c. controlling the schedule d. estimating activity resources.
c In project schedule management, the process of controlling the schedule involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule. Outputs include work performance information, schedule forecasts, and change requests among others
67. Which is a similarity between scope control and schedule control? a. Both are initial processes of project time management. b. Both of their primary goals is to define project goals and milestones. c. Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management. d. Both of these processes should occur before estimating activity durations.
c Like scope control, schedule control is a portion of the integrated change control process under project integration management. Controlling the schedule is the final process in project time management.
60. What is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date? a. early finish date b. late finish date c. late start date d. early start date
c The late start date is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date.
63. Which is a similarity between the crashing and fast tracking? a. both spread out tasks over a long period of time to ensure the quality of work is maintained b. both invariably result in increases in total project costs c. both can shorten the time needed to finish a project d. both are network diagramming techniques used primarily to predict total project duration.
c The main advantage of fast tracking, like crashing, is that it can shorten the time needed to finish a project
54. In project schedule management, the ultimate goal of which process is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project? a. defining activities b. sequencing activities c. developing a schedule d. estimating activity resources.
c The ultimate goal of developing a realistic project schedule is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project. Project schedule management processes often go through several iterations before a project schedule is finalized
30. What is the first process involved in project schedule management? a. defining activities b. estimating activity durations c. planning schedule management d. sequencing activities
c and it involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule.
58. What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities? a. forward pass b. backward pass c. fast tracking d. free slack
d A technique that can help project managers make schedule trade-offs is determining the free slack and total slack for each project activity. Free slack or free float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities.
66. What is an accurate difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM)? a. CPM addresses the risk associated with duration estimates whereas PERT does not. b. Unlike CPM, PERT estimates only when there is no risk of uncertainty. c. CPM involves more work than PERT because it requires several duration estimates. d. PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.
d PERT uses probabilistic time estimates —duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations —instead of one specific or discrete duration estimate, as CPM does.
39. Which statement best describes the difference between an activity list and an activity attribute? a. As opposed to an activity attribute, an activity list provides resource requirements and constraints related to activities. b. An activity list provides a more concrete list of milestones for a project than an activity attribute. c. An activity attribute is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule whereas an activity list is not. d. An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.
d The activity list is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule. The list should include the activity name, an activity identifier or number, and a brief description of the activity. The activity attributes provide more schedule-related information about each activity, such as predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, and so forth.
46. In an AOA network diagram, what occurs when two or more activities follow a single node? a. combinations b. buffers c. mergers d. bursts
d bursts occur .