POL 101: Chapter 5: Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness: SmartBook

Which groups have historically lacked equality in the United States?

* Catholics * Asian Americans * Women

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

* Discriminatory restrictions for mortgage lending. * Discriminatory practices in housing. * Discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods.

According to today's statistics, Asian Americans are underrepresented in which of the following areas?

* Holding the top position in corporations. * Holding high-level political office.

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

* Inspired a hope for evenutal equality. * Given moral strength to diverse movements. * Been foundational in legal decisions.

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

* Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men. * The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

* Minorities * Women

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

* Pueblo * Navajo

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

* The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands. * Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years.

Which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the U.S.?

* The right to openly enlist in the military. * The right to have the same benefits as traditional couples.

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

* They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college. * Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average.

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

* Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections. * A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people.

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to

* be college educated. * have a high median income.

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on

* the perfromance of a particular employee. * the nature of the job.

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

40; 10

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

Abolitionist Movement

The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?

Adarand v. Pena

Which policy required the federal government to begin implementing measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

Affirmative Action

Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

De Jure Discrimination

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

Discrimination

Which amendment passed at the end of the war granted African American men the right to vote?

Fifteenth

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not belive there was a precise meaning.

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Bill of Rights

Since the 1950s, how has the federal government responded to demands for equal rights for African Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans.

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?

Removing discrimination in voting requirements.

In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, D.C., to protest federal policy.

Trail of Broken Treaties

What are comparable worth policies?

Those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education.

True or false: Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers.

True

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

In what area of civil rights were Asian Americans particularly active in the 1960s?

Voting Rights

The largest recent Hispanic demonstrations in the U.S. have been in reaction to

a bill passed by the House that would have led to the arrest and deportation of millions of undocumented immigrants.

Native Americans were not considered to be ______ until 1924.

citizens

The type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protections is

de facto discrimination.

Although many Americans believe that the concept of ______ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law.

equality

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government in the 1960s began to require agencies and businesses to

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs.

When white settlers first arrived in what is now the U.S., there were approximately 5 to 10 million Native American inhabitants. By 1900, there were

fewer than 1 million.

The law refers to the rights of individuals; however,

groups more often fight for civil rights.

Hispanics in the U.S. are generally concentrated

in their states of entry.

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

is almost always unconstitutional.

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations.

redlining

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that "__________" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

seperate

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications.

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

were an inferior people.