Political Science 102 Final

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_____ was indicted, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to six months in jail for violating the Espionage Act. fit turned out to be one of the shortest sentences given in such cases.) _____ appealed, arguing that the Act, by prosecuting speech and writing, violated the First Amendment: "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.. . ."

Schenck; Schenck

The goal of the transnational corporation is to become truly transnational, poised above the sovereign power of any particular nation while being serviced by all nations. Cyril Siewert, a Colgate Palmolive executive, could have been speaking for all transnationals when he remarked,

"The United States doesn't have an automatic call on our [corporation's] resources. There is no mindset that puts this country first."

With that aid, the rebellion was defeated by 1949. United States economic and military aid continued to the Greek government. Investment capital from Esso, Dow Chemical, Chrysler, and other U.S. corporations flowed into Greece. But illiteracy, poverty, and starvation remained widespread there, with the country in the hands of what Richard Barnet (Intervention and Revolution) called _______

"a particularly brutal and backward military dictatorship."

According to the author, with regard to repressing popular struggles against war and racial segregation in the late 1960s, who one police official declared that there were more law officers throughout the country

"on political intelligence assignments than are engaged in fighting organized crime."

Bush attempted (unsuccessfully) to eliminate the Commodity Supplemental Food Program that provided food to the elderly poor and low-income mothers with young children, thereby saving ______, an amount equivalent to what the Pentagon spends or misplaces in three hours.

$107 million

According to the author, A team of Harvard Medical School researchers estimated that a singlepayer national health insurance could save at least ____ annually, enough to cover all the uninsured. Private health insurance companies spend ______ of premiums on administrative and overhead costs, compared to ______ spent for government-managed Medicaid and Medicare, or ______for Canada's single-payer system-which got rid of health insurance companies almost three decades ago. Likewise private drug plans have much higher administrative costs than would be incurred if Medicare administered the plan.

$286 billion; 13 percent; 3.2 percent; 0.9 percent

According to the author, More than half the land in U.S. cities is taken up by the movement, parking, and servicing of vehicles. The suburban sprawl made possible by cars wipes out the surrounding farm communities, and necessitates higher per capita costs for sewage and water system construction and, in turn, still greater dependency on auto vehicles. Federal, state, and local governments spend over ______annually on road construction and maintenance, highway patrols, and ambulance and hospital services related to automotive mishaps.

$300 billion

Political donations can represent some of the most profitable investments a business can make. For________ in campaign donations, the banking industry was granted deregulation and savings and loan bailout legislation that would cost the U.S. public at least _____.

$36.5 million; $1 trillion

The Pentagon was storing _____ in excess supplies gathering dust or rusting away. The U.S. Army allocated ________ to develop a heavy-lift helicopter, even though it already had heavy-lift helicopters and the Navy was building an almost identical one.

$41 billion; $1.5 billion

The direct yearly military appropriations rose to about ________by 2010, really closer to_______ if we count the indirect costs of war and empire, such as veterans benefits and medical costs, annual debt payments due to military spending (over $100 billion), covert military and intelligence operations, the ______ percent of federal research and development funds that goes to the military, "supplementary appropriations" for specific wars as in Iraq and Afghanistan (about ____________ in 2010), and defense expenses picked up by nonmilitary agencies including "defense related activities" of the General Services Administration, along with the Energy Department's nuclear weapons programs, which consumes _________ of that department's budget.

$534 billion; $850 billion; 70; $130 billion; more than half

In 2009, fourteen Wall Street trading firms paid more than _________ in forfeited profits and penalties. A few months later, General Electric paid ___________ for having manipulated its books to inflate its stock values. At that same time, a former chief of American International Group (AIG), the giant insurance firm, agreed to pay just ________ in penalties for overseeing fraudulent transactions that amounted to at least ________. Nobody went to jail for these immense swindles.

$69 million; $50 million; $15 million; $2 billion

Sometimes conference committees go into business for themselves, introducing elaborate changes. Thus under a GOP-controlled Congress, a conference committee consisting entirely of House and Senate Republicans deleted from the final version of an ___________spending bill a provision that would have ______________ corporations guilty of war profiteering in Iraq or Afghanistan.

$87 billion ; penalized

Whatever the size of the trust fund, Social Security's yearly intake should be able to meet benefit payments indefinitely. If there actually were to be a shortfall thirty or forty years hence, it could easily be met by extending the Social Security tax to income earnings above________, which was the cap asof early ______ and eliminating the 100 percent exemption on "unearned income" (dividends, interest, capital gains, rents, and so on)

$90,000; 2006,

According to the author, Social Security in the United States is not merely a retirement fund; it is a three-pronged insurance program that spreads risk and resources across society. It consists of which fo the following? Select the complete correct answer.

(a) retirement pensions for over 30 million seniors and their spouses; (b) survivors insurance for over 3.5 million children of deceased or disabled workers, until they reach the age of 18; (c) disability insurance for 4 million persons of all ages who suffer serious injuries and impairments. The privatizers say nothing about providing for survivor and disability insurance.

According Zinn, in World War I, ______were to die on the battlefield; ___________were to die the of hunger and disease related to the war.

10 million; 20 million

Congress, in the twenties, put an end to the dangerous, turbulent flood of immigrants (___ million between _____) by passing laws setting immigration quotas: the quotas favored Anglo-Saxons, kept out black and yellow people, limited severely the coming of Latins, Slavs, Jews. No African country could send more than 100 people; 100 was the limit for ___; 34,007 could come from ___ or Northern Ireland, but only 3,845 from ___; 51,227 from __, but only 124 from Lithuania; 28,567 from the ____, but only 2,248 from ___.

14; 1900 and 1920; China, for Bulgaria, for Palestine; England; Italy; Germany; Irish Free State; Russia

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, Fast-buck exploitation of the planet's resources and population explosion have brought more toxic effusion, ecological disruption, and an extinction rate of ___________species of plants and animals every year.

17,500

But by ___, war orders for the Allies (mostly ___) had stimulated the economy, and by ____ more than ______ worth of goods had been sold to the Allies. As _______ says: "America became bound up with the Allies in a fateful union of war and prosperity."

1915; England; April 1917; $2 billion; Hofstadter

In the municipal elections of __, against the tide of___, the __ made remarkable gains. Their candidate for mayor of New York. ___, got ___ percent of the vote, five times the normal ___ vote there. Ten __ were elected to the New York State legislature. In Chicago, the party vote went from 3.6 percent in __ to 34.7 percent in 1917. In Buffalo, it went from ___percent to 30.2 percent.

1917; propaganda and patriotism; Socialists; Morris Hillquit; 22; Socialist; Socialists; 1915; 2.6

By __________, the ____________ Party held __________ offices in _______ cities including ___________ mayors, __________ legislators, and a member of Congress.

1918; Socialist; twelve hundred; 340; seventy-nine; thirty-two

Just before World War I ended, in ______, an American force of seven thousand landed at ___ as part of an Allied intervention in ____, and remained until early ___. Five thousand more troops were landed at ____, another Russian port, also as part of an Allied expeditionary force, and stayed for almost a year. The State Department told Congress: "All these operations were to offset effects of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia."

1918; Vladivostok; Russia; 1920; Archangel

Women had finally, after long agitation, won the right to vote in ____ with the passage of the ___ Amendment, but voting was still a middle-class and upper-class activity. ____, recounting the history of the movement, says the effect of female suffrage was that "women have shown the same tendency to divide along orthodox party lines as male voters."

1920; Nineteenth; Eleanor Flexner

But the stock market is not a pension program; it is a form of gambling that could prove risky to many unpracticed retirees (and even to seasoned investors). Stock markets can crash without quickly bouncing back. After the crash of the Great Depression, stocks did not regain their ___ highs until _____. If retirement funds were transferred into millions of private accounts on the stock market, Wall Street brokerage firms would make billions of dollars in fees every year, but Social Security as a pooled system of payments, a collective insurance fund and safety net, would come to an end.

1929; 1954

In late ____, Roosevelt's personal representative assured French General Henri Giraud: "It is thoroughly understood that French sovereignty will be re-established as soon as possible throughout all the territory, metropolitan or colonial, over which flew the French flag in ____." (These pages, like the others in the Pentagon Papers, are marked "TOP SECRET-Sensitive.") By ____ the "ambivalent" attitude was gone. In May, Truman assured the French he did not question her "sovereignty over Indochina." That fall, the United States urged Nationalist China, put temporarily in charge of the northern part of Indochina by the Potsdam Conference, to turn it over to the French, despite the obvious desire of the Vietnamese for independence.

1942; 1939; 1945

That is what happened to the Middle East and its oil. In August ___ a State Department officer said that "a review of the diplomatic history of the past ___ years will show that petroleum has historically played a larger part in the external relations of the United States than any other commodity." Saudi Arabia was the largest oil pool in the Middle East. The ___ oil corporation, through Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, got Roosevelt to agree to Lend Lease aid to Saudi Arabia, which would involve the U.S. government there and create a shield for the interests of ___. In ___ Britain and the U.S. signed a pact on oil agreeing on "the principle of equal opportunity," and Lloyd Gardner concludes (Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy) that "the Open Door Policy was triumphant throughout the Middle East."

1945; 35; ARAMCO; ARAMCO; 1944;

In the fall of ___ Japan, defeated, was forced to leave Indochina, the former French colony it had occupied at the start of the war. In the meantime, a revolutionary movement had grown there, determined to end colonial control and to achieve a new life for the peasants of Indochina. Led by a Communist named ________, the revolutionists fought against the Japanese, and when they were gone held a spectacular celebration in Hanoi in late ___, with a million people in the streets, and issued a Declaration of Independence. It borrowed from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, in the French Revolution, and from the American Declaration of Independence, and began: "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Just as the Americans in ____ had listed their grievances against the English King, the Vietnamese listed their complaints against French rule: They have enforced inhuman laws.... They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slain our patriots, they have drowned uprisings in rivers of blood. They have fettered public opinion.... They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, and our raw materials.... They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of extreme poverty.....from the end of last year, to the beginning of this year . . . more than two million of our fellow citizens died of starvation.... The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer their country.

1945; Ho Chi Minh; 1945; 1776

Why was the United States supporting the cointinuation of French domination over Vietnam? To the public, the word was that the United States was helping to stop Communism in Asia, but there was not much public discussion. In the secret memoranda of the National Security Council (which advised the President on foreign policy) there was talk in ______ of what came to be known as the "domino theory"-that, like a row of dominoes, if one country fell to Communism, the next one would do the same and so on. It was important therefore to keep the first one from falling. A secret memo of the National Security Council in June ____ also pointed to the chain of U.S. military bases along the coast of China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea: Communist control of all of Southeast Asia would render the U.S. position in the Pacific offshore island chain precarious and would seriously jeopardize fundamental U.S. security interests in the Far East. And: Southeast Asia, especially _____ and _____, is the principal world source of natural rubber and tin, and a producer of petroleum and other strategically important commodities....

1950; 1952; Malaya; Indonesia

In ____, the French, having been unable to win Vietnamese popular support, which was overwhelmingly behind Ho Chi Minh and the revolutionary movement, had to withdraw. An international assemblage at _____ presided over the peace agreement between the French and the Vietminh. It was agreed that the French would temporarily withdraw into the southern part of Vietnam, that the Vietminh would remain in the north, and that an election would take place in two years in a unified Vietnam to enable the Vietnamese to choose their own government. The United States moved quickly to ____ the unification and to establish South Vietnam as an American sphere. It set up in Saigon as head of the government a former Vietnamese official named Ngo Dinh Diem, who had recently been living in New Jersey, and encouraged him not to hold the scheduled elections for unification. A memo in early _____ of the joint Chiefs of Staff said that intelligence estimates showed "a settlement based on free elections would be attended by almost certain loss of the Associated States [Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam-the three parts of Indochina created by the ___ Conference] to Communist control." _____ again and again blocked the elections requested by the Vietminh, and with American money and arms his government became more and more firmly established. As the Pentagon Papers put it: "South Viet Nam was essentially the creation of the United States."

1954; Geneva; prevent; 1954; Geneva; Diem

By __________, corporations [GM and Standard Oil] had conspired to replace electric street care networks with gas-guzzling high-emission buses in over hundred cities across the nation. Then they cut back on city and suburban bus services to encourage mass dependency on cars. In _______, General Motors was found guilty of conspiracy in these activities and fined the crushing sum of $_______.

1955; 1949; 5,000

Opposition grew quickly in the countryside, where Diem's apparatus could not reach well, and around ____ guerrilla activities began against the regime. The Communist regime in ___ gave aid, encouragement, and sent people south-most of them southerners who had gone north after the ____ accords-to support the guerrilla movement. In ___, the National Liberation Front was formed in the South. It united the various strands of opposition to the regime; its strength came from South Vietnamese peasants, who saw it as a way of changing their daily lives. A U.S. government analyst named Douglas Pike, in his book Viet Cong, based on interviews with rebels and captured documents, tried to give a realistic assessment of what the United States faced: In the _______ villages of South Vietnam, the National Liberation Front created a host of nation-wide socio-political organizations in a country where mass organizations ... were virtually nonexistent....Aside from the NLF there had never been a truly mass-based political party in _____.

1958; Hanoi; Geneva; 1960; 2561; South Vietnam

Cuba had changed. The Good Neighbor Policy did not apply. In the spring of ____, President ___ secretly authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to arm and train anti-Castro Cuban exiles in Guatemala for a future invasion of Cuba. When __ took office in the spring of ___ the C1A had ___ exiles, armed and trained. He moved ahead with the plans, and on April 17, ____, the CIA-trained force, with some Americans participating, landed at the Bay of Pigs on the south shore of Cuba, ____ miles from Havana, They expected to stimulate a general rising against Castro. But it was a popular regime. There was no rising. In three days, the CIA forces were crushed by Castro's army. The whole Bay of Pigs affair was accompanied by hypocrisy and lying. The invasion was a violation recalling ____'s "rule of law"- of a treaty tbe U.S. had signed, the Charter of the Organization of American States, which reads: "No state or group of states has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other state."

1960; Eisenhower; Kennedy; 1961; 1,400; 1961; 90; Truman

International Telephone and Telegraph was an old hand at giving money on both sides. In ____ it had made illegal contributions to Bobby ____, who worked with _____ Senators, including Lyndon _____. A senior vice-president of ITT was quoted by one of his assistants as saying the board of directors "have it set up to 'butter' both sides so we'll be in good position whoever wins." And in _____, an ITT director, John _____, who also had been head of the CIA, told Henry _____, Secretary of State, and Richard ___, CIA director, that ITT was willing to give $1 million to help the U.S. government in its plans to overthrow the Allende government in Chile.

1960;Baker;Democratic;Johnson;1970;McCone;Kissinger;Helms

From ___ to ___, the wealthiest and most powerful nation in the history of the world made a __________ military effort, with everything short of atomic bombs, to defeat a nationalist revolutionary movement in a tiny, peasant country-and failed. When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and the human beings won. In the course of that war, there developed in the United States the greatest ____ movement the nation had ever experienced, a movement that played a critical part in bringing the war to an end. It was another startling fact of the _____.

1964; 1972; maximum; antiwar; sixties

In the fall of _____, ____, pledging that he would get the United States out of Vietnam, was elected President. He began to withdraw troops; by ____, less than _____were left. But the bombing continued. Nixon's policy was "Vietnamization"-the Saigon government, with Vietnamese ground troops, using American money and air power, would carry on the war. Nixon was not ending the war; he was ending the most unpopular aspect of it, the involvement of American soldiers on the soil of a faraway country.

1968; Richard Nixon; February 1972; 150,000

By ___, the U.S. military budget was _____ and the corporations involved in military production were making fortunes. Two-thirds of the ___ spent on weapons systems was going to twelve or fifteen giant industrial corporations, whose main reason for existence was to fulfill government military contracts. Senator ______ ,an economist and chairman of the Joint Economic Committee of the Senate, noted that "six-sevenths of these contracts are not competitive.... In the alleged interest of secrecy, the government picks a company and draws up a contract in more or less secret negotiations."

1970; $80 billion; 40 billion; Paul Douglass

The climax of protest came in the spring of ______ when President ____ ordered the invasion of _______. At ____ State University in _____, on ____, when students gathered to demonstrate against the war, National Guardsmen fired into the crowd. Four students were killed. One was paralyzed for life. Students at ___ hundred colleges and universities went on strike in protest. It was the first general student strike in the history of the United States. During that school year of 1969-1970, the FBI listed 1,785 student demonstrations, including the occupation of 313 buildings.

1970; Nixon; Cambodia; Kent; Ohio; May 4; four

During commencement exercises that spring of ______ at Syracuse University, when _____ Secretary of State, Alexander ___, was given an honorary doctorate in "public service," two hundred students and faculty turned their backs on the presentation. During Haig's address, the press reported, "Nearly every pause in Mr. Haig's fifteen-minute address was punctuated by chants: 'Human ___, not military _____!' 'Get out of _____!' 'Washington guns killed American nuns!'" The last slogan was a reference to the execution in the fall of ____ of four American nuns by Salvadoran soldiers. Thousands of people in _____were being murdered each year by "death squads" sponsored by a government armed by the United States, and the American public was beginning to pay attention to events in this tiny Central American country.

1981;Reagan's;Haig;needs;greed;El Salvador;1980;El Salvador

In _______ another scandal, known as "________," rocked the White House. It was discovered that the _________ administration had been selling millions of dollars worth of arms to _______, a country it repeatedly accused of supporting terrorism. As part of a covert operation to bypass Congress and the Constitution, _______ officials funneled the funds from these secret sales to the Nicaraguan mercenaries known as the "contras," who were waging a terrorist war of attrition against a democratic socialist Nicaraguan government.

1986; Iran-contra; Reagan; Iran; Reagan

After "victorious" wars there is almost always a sobering effect, as the war fervor wears off, and citizens assess the costs and wonder what was gained. War fever was at its height in February _____. In that month, when people being polled were reminded of the huge costs of the war, only ____ percent said the war was not worth it. _____ months later, in June, the figure was ___ percent. In the months that followed, _____ support in the nation dropped steeply, as economic conditions deteriorated. (And in ____, with the war spirit evaporated, ____ went down to defeat.) After the disintegration of the Soviet bloc began in ____, there had been talk in the United States of a ________, the opportunity to take billions of dollars from the military budget and use it for human needs. The war in the Gulf became a convenient excuse for the government determined to stop such talk. A member of the Bush administration said: "We owe Saddam a favor. He saved us from the ______" (New York Times, March 2, 1991).

1991;17;Four;30;Bush's;1992;Bush;1989;"peace dividend";peace dividend

Randall Forsberg, an expert on military expenditures, had suggested during the presidential campaign of ____ that "a military budget of ___, to be achieved over a number of years, would support a demilitarized U.S. foreign policy, appropriate to the needs and opportunities of the post-Cold War world." However, the military budget kept _____, even after the fall of the supposed target of the military buildup, and by the end of ____ term was about _____ a year.

1992;$60 billion;increasing;Clinton's;$300 billion

In the fall of ____, _____ Secretary of Defense, _____, announced the results of a "bottom-up review" of the military budget, envisioning the spending of over_____ for the next five years. It called for virtually no reduction in major weapons systems. A conservative analyst with the Woodrow Wilson International Center (Anthony Cordesman) commented: "There are no radical departures from the ___ Base Force, or even from earlier U.S. strategy."

1993;Clinton's;Les Aspin; $1 trillion;Bush

There are some _______ radioactive and toxic chemical sites on military bases and nuclear weapons plants and laboratories across the United States. Many of these have repeatedly released radioactive and other harmful wastes into the air and waterways, including millions of gallons dumped illegally into makeshift evaporation pits and seepage basins.

20,000

In ____________________fine for false earnings reports. ____ also was accused of grossly ____________ the government for gasoline intended for U.S. armed forces. For work done on a nuclear plant, ________ grossly ________ the government. Nobody at ____________ went to jail, and both companies continued to be awarded fat government contracts.

2004 Halliburton paid a $7.5 million ; Halliburton; overcharging; Bechtel; overcharged; Halliburton or Bechtel

According to the author, in_____ and____,the________ administration cut hundreds of millions ofdollars from the education budget, including funds for vocational training andprograms for disadvantaged students.

2005; 2006; Bush Jr

In June ________, standing before a room of oil executives, Republican presidential candidate ________ abandoned his previous position against coastal oil drilling and declared his support for it. A month later, oil and gas executives donated a total of _______ to _______campaign.

2008; John McCain; $1 million; McCain's

As of ___________ the United States had the ________ prison population in the world, _______, nations with far more people.

2009; largest; larger than China or India

Public power utilities owned by local governments offer rates averaging ____ percent less than those charged by private power companies. In ___ years after it was created in ___, the Long Island Power Authority in New York cut rates ____ percent, saving customers an estimated ___. Public utilities in Palo Alto and Los Angeles offered rates that were ___ to ____ percent less than what was charged by the privately owned Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) elsewhere in California. The Palo Alto and Los Angeles public utilities spent zero on lobbying and on payments to private stockholders, whereas PG&E spent over ____ on lobbying and transferred ____ in three years from customers to mostly affluent stockholders. In one year, the Palo Alto public utility transferred ____, and the (much larger) L.A. public utility ____, to their respective local governments to be spent on public services. PG&E transferred nothing back to the communities from which it so handsomely profited.

20;four;1998;20;$2.1 billion;20;40;$2 million;$5.1 billion;$7.3 million;$124 million

Corporate crime is not a rarity but regularity. The Justice Department found that most giant companies have committed felonies. Many are repeat offenders. Over the years, General Electric was convicted of ________ counts of contract fraud and fined _______. Charged with _____________violations involving toxic substances, WorldCom was fined _______. Over a sixteen-year period, major oil firms cheated the government of nearly ___________ in royalties by understating the value of the oil they pumped from public lands. In none of these instances of grand larceny did anyone go to jail.

282; $20 million; 216; $625,000; $856 million

Some ______lobbyists prowl the Capitol's lobbies (hence their name) or seek favorable rulings from agencies within the vast executive bureaucracy, their numbers having doubled in recent years. Lobbyists outnumber legislators by _________ to one. The amount they spend to influence lawmakers is even more than the amount spent to elect them

34,000; sixty-three

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, The costs of industrial effluents (which compose _________ percent of the loads treated by municipal sewage plants) and the costs of developing new water sources (while industry and agribusiness consume ______________ percent of the nation's daily water supply) are passed on to the public.

40 to 60 percent; 80 percent

According to the author, in the United States about ______people are killed in motor vehicle accidents every year and well over ____ million are injured, many of them seriously incapacitated for the remainder of their lives. Auto accidents are the leading cause of death for people between the ages of fifteen and thirty-four. As of_____, upwards of ____million Americans have perished on the roads, more than twice the number killed in all the wars fought in the nation's history, about _____a day. This figure does not usually include deaths that occur several days or weeks later from injuries originally sustained in the auto accident. Motor vehicles also kill 1 million animals each day. More deer are slaughtered by cars than by hunters.

42,000; 3; 2009; 3.6; 120

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: How many ways can we create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators?

At least ________U.S. corporations operated in Germany in 1941-1945, while the Nazis were at war with the United States. Faced with class action law suites in ___________, growing numbers of corporations admitted having ________________________. No U.S. corporate head was ever prosecuted.

50; 1999-2000; greatly profited from unpaid slave labor supplied from Nazi concentration camps

According to the author, Private insurers charge premiums that are prohibitively high for many Americans. About __ million Americans are without health insurance throughout the entire year. Another ___ million have coverage that is so scanty as to leave them underinsured. ___ in ten ailing Americans delayed or deferred necessary medical treatment in ___ because of inability to pay. This included millions who were insured but whose plans did not cover needed services. About twenty thousand of the untreated die each year from treatable illnesses.

50; 30; Six; 2008—2009

The United States was the richest country in the world, with ___ percent of the earth's population yet consuming ___ percent of what was produced worldwide. But only a tiny portion of the American population benefited; this ____ 1 percent of the population saw its wealth increase enormously starting in the late ___. As a result of changes in the tax structure, by ____ that ___ 1 percent had gained over a ____ dollars and now owned over ____ percent of the nation's wealth.

5;30;richest;1970s;1995;richest;trillion;40

According to the author, One cannot talk about the health of America without mentioning occupational safety. Every year over ______ workers are killed on the job and ___ million are injured. Another ____ die later on from job injuries and _____ from occupational diseases caused by toxic chemicals, asbestos, pesticides, and solvents. Some ____ to ____ sustain permanent disability, and millions more suffer from work-related illnesses. Industrial work always carries some risk, but the carnage today is due mostly to inadequate safety standards and lax government enforcement of codes. Even in the most egregious cases, employers rarely face criminal prosecution.

6,000; 4.5; 10,000; 50,000; 50,000; 60,000

If we count not only inmates but also those on parole or probation, the correctional population totals ____________________, more than four times the number in 1980. In the last three decades, prison sentences have doubled in length. Over ________inmates are serving a life sentence, a third of them for crimes other than murder, including burglary and drug offenses. Many states are now spending more on prisons than on education.

7.3 million or 1 in every 31 adults; 140,600

The standard view is that people go heavily into debt because they are addicted to shopping and overspending. In fact, a nationwide survey found that a large majority of personal bankruptcies are related to illness and costly medical expenses. About _________ of these had private health insurance that provided inadequate coverage. Other major causes of personal debt include loss of job, small-business failure, and loss of the family breadwinner. Facing financial emergencies, people with poor credit standing often turn to corporate lenders who charge predatory fees and usurious interest rates, amounting to _________ and higher. Debt itself creates more debt. As soon as a monthly payment is missed, penalty fees are piled on and the debt is compounded. New bankruptcy laws in _______ made it virtually impossible for debtors to wipe the slate clean by declaring bankruptcy. Instead they face a "debtor's prison without walls," with heavy garnishment on future earnings, consigning them to decades of financial hardship.

75 percent; 40 percent; 2005

According to the authors, today the Supreme Court is composed of how many justices?

Franklin D. Roosevelt did not share this frenzy, but he calmly signed Executive Order ___, in ___, giving the army the power, without warrants or indictments or hearings, to arrest every Japanese-American on the West Coast-_____ men, women, and children-to take them from their homes, transport them to camps far into the interior, and keep them there under prison conditions. Three-fourths of these were Nisei-children horn in the United States of Japanese parents and therefore American citizens. The other fourth-the Issei, born in Japan-were barred by law from becoming citizens. In ____ the Supreme Court upheld the forced evacuation on the grounds of military necessity. The Japanese remained in those camps for over three years.

9066; February 1942; 110,000; 1944

Article 2 gives the president the power

A and B

Shoes made by Indonesian children working twelve-hour days for 13 cents an hour cost a company only $2.60 to be made but still are sold for $90 or more in the United States indicate which of the following?

A and D

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Meanwhile, around the world hundreds of millions of automobiles with internal combustion engines continue to produce enormous quantities of toxic pollution and greenhouse gases. The dangers of global warming are so immense, so compounding and fast acting that an all-out effort is needed to reverse the ecological apocalypse of flood, drought, and famine. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Agriculture and Ecology.

In the U.S., we have which of the following court systems

All of the above

"Free trade" treaties are in violation of which parts of the U.S. Constitution

All of these

According to Parenti, unlike the Democratic Party, the Republican Party

All of these

According to Parenti, which of the following are both Democratic and Republican parties committed to that makes similar ?

All of these

According to Parenti, which of the following are both Democratic and Republican parties committed to that makes them similar ?

All of these

Article 1 of the Constitution gives Congress the power.

All of these

Corporate media coverage of crime tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

All of these

Corporate media coverage of labor and American workers issues tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

All of these

Corporate media coverage of the elections tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

All of these

Danes, Swedes, Germans, Britons, Finns, Norwegians, Belgians, French, or Canadians share in common which of the following that the United States does not have?

All of these

In recent years prominent firms such as _______________________________ have been investigated for accounting and tax fraud, manipulating stock values, insider trading, and obstructing justice, all of which left tens of thousands of shareholders and employees with huge losses.

All of these

Some of the problems of environmentalism are which of the following?

All of these

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is funded by the nation's top financial institutions, media networks, and corporations. CFR members have included which of the following?

All of these

Which of the following is true about free trade?

All of these

With the overthrow of the Soviet Union and other communist countries, the spies and militarists of the national security state faced a shortage of enemies which meant what?

All of these

According to ________________, the U.S. _____________ Department has _________ hundreds of export licenses worth more than $27 million for thumbscrews, leg irons, shackles, stun guns, and electro-shock instruments, "specifically designed implements of torture," much of it to countries with dismal human rights records

Amnesty International; Commerce; issued

In which country did wars waged by CIA-backed forces left several million dead and millions more homeless and destitute?

Angola and Mozambique

There were others who made that same connection, magnifying the danger: ____, the black lawyer who defended ______at his trial; nationally renowned men like singer and actor _____, and writer and scholar _________, who did not hide their support and sympathy for the Communist party. The Negro was not as anti-Communist as the white population. He could not afford to be, his friends were so few-so that Herndon, Davis, Robeson, Du Bois, however their political views might be maligned by the country as a whole, found admiration for their fighting spirit in the black community.

Benjamin Davis; Herndon; Paul Robeson; W. E. B. Du Bois

"___________" had, in fact, begun with the Founding Fathers, who deliberately set up a ____ central government to protect the interests of the _____, the ____, the land speculators, the ____. For the next two hundred years, the American government continued to serve the interests of the wealthy and powerful, offering millions of acres of free land to the railroads, setting high tariffs to protect manufacturers, giving tax breaks to oil corporations, and using its armed forces to suppress strikes and rebellions. It was only in the twentieth century, especially in the thirties and sixties, when the government, besieged by protests and fearful of the stability of the system, passed social legislation for the poor that political leaders and business executives complained about "big government.

Big government;strong;bondholders;slave owners;manufacturers

According to Anti-Capitalist Diciontary, 'The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.' Refers to what?

Biodiversity

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, This term can therefore be used to refer to all places where life is possible, the ecological interactions of the planet as a whole and those parts of the earth — the atmosphere, land and water — which support or are capable of supporting the existence of plants and animals. What is this term?

Biosphere

In political entertainment, In war movies like_____________________, the U.S. military is almost always portrayed sympahtetically, locked in battle against some pernicious foe, never serving as an instrument of U.S. empire building.

Black Hawk Down, Stripes, and Heartbreak Ridge

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Seventy-one big contributors to ____________campaign were awarded no-bid contracts totaling $8 billion for lucrative projects in Iraq and Afghanistan. _______ waived payment of at least $7 billion in government royalties for the oil and gas taken from publicly owned reserves, all to benefit an industry that was already making record profits.

Bush Jr.'s 2000; Bush

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: In 2000, Vice President Dick Cheney chaired a task force consisting mostly of his former oil industry associates to rewrite the nation's energy policy according to their specifications. Their plan, it was eventually revealed, included drilling in wilderness areas and eliminating clean air laws. It also contained elaborate provisions for a military invasion of Iraq (this was well before the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center). When the Government Accountability Office asked for the names of task force members and transcripts of the meetings, Cheney refused, citing "executive privilege," which apparently now covers the vice president, oil executives, and war-for-oil policies.

Bush, Jr

Then this president unilaterally rewrote the Presidential Records Act with an executive order giving himself and all former presidents the right to veto requests to open presidential records. This president claimed that it was a matter of "national security," but national security documents already were excluded from public inquiry.

Bush, Jr

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: When the Congress failed to pass this administraion's faith-based initiatives, he signed an executive order allowing Christian religious groups to receive over $1.1 billion to carry out their own programs. The money came out of the operational budgets of other federal agencies.

Bush, Jr.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: When a federal judge ordered this administration to make surplus federal property available to the homeless under a 1987 law, the White House refused to execute the court order.

Bush, Sr.

Congress voted for the ____________ Air Force did not want because they were so dysfunctional, and extra __________ that the Pentagon _______ requested. Congress added ____ to a supplemental spending bill for, among other things, a __________ that defense secretary Robert Gates recommended terminating.

C-130 cargo planes; B-2 bombers; never; $6.2 billion; C-17 aircraft

_____, in his book of the fifties, The Power Elite, counted the military as part of the top elite, along with politicians and corporations. These elements were more and more intertwined. A Senate report showed that the one hundred largest defense contractors, who held____percent of the military contracts, employed more than two thousand former high-ranking officers of the military.

C. Wright Mills; 67.4

The ________has stolen elections and waged disinformation campaigns abroad. It has bribed officials, incited ethnic enmities, and funded and trained secret armies, paramilitary forces, saboteurs, torture teams, and death squads. It has pursued destabilization and assassination campaigns against government leaders, labor unions, and peasant, religious, and student organizations in numerous nations.

CIA

Released __________ documents disclosed that the _________ maintained a clandestine biological warfare program targeting the populations and crops of a number of countries, including _________________________________.

CIA; CIA; North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Panama, and Cuba

The ________ deployed weather modification technology and sprayed insect infestations to destroy crops in _________, along with a virus that caused swine fever, the first such infection in _____________, forcing the slaughter of pigs in __________ to prevent a widespread epidemic among humans. The agency is also charged with causing an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever, transmitted by mosquitoes, afflicting some 300,000 people, killing 57 ________ adults and 101 children, the first major epidemic of dengue in the Western Hemisphere. In 1997, _______ presented a report to the United Nations charging ________ with "biological aggression."

CIA; Cuba; the Americas; Cuba; Cuban; Cuba; Washington

____________ training manuals unearthed by a _________________ lawsuit revealed that the agency taught methods of torture to Third World militaries, such as electric shock, water torture, sleep, food, and sensory deprivation, and psychological torture such as forcing victims to witness the torture of loved ones, including one's children or parents.

CIA; Freedom of Information

It was also learned from the investigation that the ____-with the collusion of a secret Committee of Forty headed by Henry ______ - had worked to "destabilize" the Chilean government headed by ____, a Marxist who had been elected president in one of the rare free elections in Latin America. ____, with large interests in Cuba, played a part in this operation. When in ___ the American ambassador to Chile, David _____, suggested to the Chilean junta (which, with U.S. aid, had overthrown ___) that they were violating human rights, he was rebuked by Kissinger, who sent word: "Tell ____ to cut out the political science lectures."

CIA;Kissinger;Salvadore Allende;ITT;1974;Popper;Allende;Popper

According to Parenti, which nine states-_____________________________________ - contain more than half the nation's population but only 18 of the Senate's 100 seats?

California, New York, Florida, Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, and New Jersey

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: By definition, incumbents are people who have already demonstrated an ability to muster enough money and votes to win. They maintain an office in their home district to perform services for constituents, doing little favors for little people and big favors for big people, gathering votes from the former and campaign money from the latter. This passage indicates what?

Campaign funding and constituent service.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: There are other signs: the high rate of alcoholism, the high rate of divorce (from one of three marriages ending in divorce, the figure was climbing to one of two), of drug use and abuse, of nervous breakdowns and mental illness. Millions of people have been looking desperately for solutions to their sense of impotency, their loneliness, their frustration, their estrangement from other people, from the world, from their work, from themselves. They have been adopting new religions, joining self-help groups of all kinds. It is as if a whole nation were going through a critical point in its middle age, a life crisis of self-doubt, self-examination. All this, at a time when the middle class is increasingly insecure economically. The system, in its irrationality, has been driven by profit to build steel skyscrapers for insurance companies while the cities decay, to spend billions for weapons of destruction and virtually nothing for children's playgrounds, to give huge incomes to men who make dangerous or useless things, and very little to artists, musicians, writers, actors. What are the outcomes of all this?

Capitalism has always been a failure for the lower classes. It is now beginning to fail for the middle classes.

His other cabinet appointees had strong corporate connections. A financial writer wrote, not long after _____ election: "So far, Mr. _____ actions, commentary, and particularly his Cabinet appointments, have been highly reassuring to the business community." Veteran Washington correspondent Tom ____ wrote: "The available evidence is that Mr. _____ so far is opting for _____ Street's confidence."

Carter's; Carter's;Wicker;Carter;Wall

Hundreds of thousands of _____ Americans who had fled death squads in ____ and ______ while the United States was giving military aid to those governments now faced deportation because they had never been deemed "_____" refugees. To admit that these cases were political would have given the lie to U.S. claims at the time that those repressive regimes were improving their human rights record and therefore deserved to continue receiving military aid.

Central;Guatemala;El Salvador;political

[T]he historian ______resigned from the Columbia faculty, charging the trustees with being "reactionary and visionless in politics, narrow and medieval in religion..."

Charles Beard

It was an old lesson learned by governments: that war solves problems of control. ________, the president of _________ Corporation, was so happy about the wartime situation that he suggested a continuing alliance between business and the military for "a permanent war economy."

Charles E. Wilson; General Motors

But miliutary power continued to domiante policy, and the United States often stood along in refusing to cut back on its weaponry. Through a hundred nations signed an agreement to abolish land mines, which were killing tens of thousands of people each year, the United States refused to go along. Though the Red Cross urged governments to suspend the use of cluster bombs (which spewed out thousands of tiny pellets, killing indiscriminately), the United States, which had used them in Vietnam and in the Gulf War, refused to desist. Which presidential administration is the author referring to?

Clinton

Those holding political power-whether ______ or his ______ predecessors-had something in common. They sought to keep their power by diverting the anger of citizens to groups without the resources to defend themselves. As H. L. ____, the acerbic social critic of the 1920s, put it: "The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary."

Clinton;Republican;Mencken

Both major political parties joined to pass legislation, which _____ then signed, to remove ____ benefits (food stamps, payments to elderly and disabled people) from not only illegal but legal immigrants. By early ___, letters were going out to close to 1 million legal immigrants, who were poor, old, or disabled, warning them that their food stamps and cash payments would be cut off in a few months unless they became citizens.

Clinton;welfare;1997

Pike wrote: "The _______ have brought to the villages of ____ Vietnam significant social change and have done so largely by means of the communication process." That is, they were organizers much more than they were warriors. "What struck me most forcibly about the ______ was its totality as a social revolution first and as a war second." Pike was impressed with the mass involvement of the peasants in the movement. "The rural Vietnamese was not regarded simply as a pawn in a power struggle hut as the active element in the thrust. He was the thrust." Pike wrote: The purpose of this vast organizational effort was ... to restructure the social order of the village and train the villages to control themselves. This was the _____'s one undeviating thrust from the start. Not the killing of ______ (Saigon) soldiers, not the occupation of real estate, not the preparation for some great pitched battle . . - but organization in depth of the rural population through the instrument of self-control.

Communists; South; NLF; NLF; ARVN

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary,________ is a pejorative term used to indicate a level of consumption that exceeds the satisfaction of basic needs and wants. All human beings maintain and reproduce themselves — mentally and physically — through the consumption of air, food, water and, depending on the climate, clothing and shelter from extremes of weather. Intellectually, people also make use of various educational opportunities, enjoy art, literature and other forms of CULTURE.

Consumerism

_____ leaders want to eliminate ____ spending programs not because they don't work but because they often do. And when they do, they demonstrate that not-for-profit public-owned services (______) can outperform for-profit public-owned services (_____) at least in many basic areas. Conrail, a government-owned rail system, gave better service at less cost than the investor owned lines it replaced. But this very success was intolerable to those who correctly see nonprofit public ownership as a threat to the private-profit system. So, Conrail was "________" (sold back to private investors) at a giveaway price. Likewise the rail systems in Europe are government owned and are superior to anything we have.

Corporate;social;socialism;capitalism;privatized

Of the various policy groups, which is probably the most influential. It is simultaneously a think tank that exercises influence over foreign and economic policy and a membership group that gathers together many of the leading players in politico-economic life and helped create the Marshall Plan, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.?

Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)

There was mounting evidence that the assassination had been ordered by Roberto ______, a leader of the right wing. But _____ had the protection of Nicolas _____, a deputy minister of defense, who at the time was receiving ____ a year from the ___. And Elliot ____, ironically Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, declared that_____"was not involved in murder." When ____ became President, military aid to the El Salvador government rose steeply. From ___, total military aid to El Salvador was ____. In Reagan's first year in office, the figure rose to ____.

D'Aubuisson;D'Aubuisson;Carranza;$90,000;CIA;Abrams; D'Aubuisson;Reagan;1946 to 1979;$16.7 million;$82 million;

Veterans back from Vietnam formed a group called Vietnam Veterans Against the War. In _____, hundreds of them went to _____ to what was called the "Winter Soldier" investigations, to testify publicly about atrocities they had participated in or seen in Vietnam, committed by Americans against Vietnamese. In _____more than a thousand of them went to _____, to demonstrate against the war. One by one, they went up to a wire fence around the Capitol, threw over the fence the medals they had won in Vietnam, and made brief statements about the war, sometimes emotionally, sometimes in icy, bitter calm. In the summer of ___, twenty-eight commissioned officers of the military, including some veterans of Vietnam, saying they represented about ____ other officers, announced formation of the Concerned Officers Movement against the war. During the fierce bombings of Hanoi and Haiphong, around Christmas ____, came the first defiance of B-52 pilots who refused to fly those missions. On ______, the New York Times reported dropouts among West Point cadets. Officials there, the reporter wrote, "linked the rate to an affluent, less disciplined, skeptical, and questioning generation and to the anti-military mood that a small radical minority and the Vietnam war had created."

December 1970; Detroit; April 1971; Washington, D.C.; 1970; 250; 1972; June 3, 1973;

________ also has enabled banks to increase customer-service fees at a time when their own computerized customer-service costs have ______. Business is not really committed to some abstract "_____" principle. Government ______ that enhance profits are quietly supported and those that cut into profits are loudly denounced. It is only in the latter case that the cry for ______ is heard throughout the nation's boardrooms.

Deregulation;declined;free-market;regulations;deregulation

_______saw the ingenuity of capitalism in uniting exploiter and exploited-creating a safety valve for explosive class conflict. "It is no longer simply the merchant prince, or the aristocratic monopoly, or even the employing class, that is exploiting the world: it is the nation, a new democratic nation composed of united capital and labor."

Du Bois

_________saw more than that. He was writing several years before ___ Imperialism,, which noted the new possibility of giving the ______ of the imperial country a share of the ______. He pointed to the paradox of greater "_____________" in America alongside "increased ______ and hatred toward ____." He explained the paradox by the fact that "the white workingman has been asked to share the spoil by exploiting '________."' Yes, the average citizen of ____________, had a higher standard of living than before. But: "Whence comes this new wealth? ... It comes primarily from the _______of the world-Asia and Africa, South and Central America, the West Indies, and the islands of the South Seas."

Du Bois ; Lenin's; working class; loot; democracy; aristocracy; darker races; chinks and ******s; England, France, Germany, the United States; darker nations

Africa, ___said, is "_________," because of the gold and diamonds of ___, the cocoa of ______ and ______, the rubber and ivory of the ____, the palm oil of ________.

Du Bois ; the Land of the Twentieth Century; South Africa; Angola; Nigeria; Congo; the West Coast

The United States fitted that idea of ____. American ____ needed international rivalry-and periodic war-to create an artificial community of interest between _________, supplanting the genuine community of interest among the _____ that showed itself in sporadic movements. How conscious of this were individual entrepreneurs and statesmen? That is hard to know. But their actions, even if half-conscious, instinctive drives to survive, matched such a scheme.

Du Bois; capitalism; rich and poor; poor;

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19:At present, earnings of more than $97,000 are exempt from FICA withholding tax. This change would give an average working family modest tax relief and would help reverse the regressive ploy of raisingFICA payroll taxes for low- and middle-income people while reducing taxes for the wealthy. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Social Security and Taxation.

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, _____ is quite literally a concern about the importance and influence of surroundings within and for society. The concept developed in the nineteenth century as Charles Darwin (1809—1882), On the Origin of Species (1859), noted the effect of environment on the development and evolution of species and German geographers introduced the notion of umwelt as an explanation for economic and cultural differences between peoples. Not until the 1960s and 1970s, however, was the term used to describe concern about the fragility of the environment in ecological terms and to describe a critique of policies and practices deemed to have a detrimental impact on human society. In its broadest sense, this involves a recognition that the ultimate survival of humanity and that of other species are interdependent and require the conservation and protection of all our environs; an approach that is related to _____.

ENVIRONMENTALISM; ECOLOGY

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, Public concern with nuclear pollution, air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, solid waste disposal, dwindling energy resources, radiation, pesticide poisoning, and other environmental problems engaged a broadening number of sympathizers and culminated in the _____demonstrations of April 22, 1970.

Earth Day

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, ________ has three different meanings. It can be the study of the interaction between living things (biocenose) and their environment (biotope), the system that embodies interrelations between species, or the movement to prevent ecological devastation by creating a degree of harmony between human activity and nature.

Ecology

The historic role of the United States in _______, where ____ percent of the population owned ___ percent of the land, was to make sure governments were in power there that would support U.S. business interests, no matter how this impoverished the great majority of people. Popular rebellions that would threaten these business arrangements were to be opposed. When a popular uprising in ___ threatened the military government, the United States sent a cruiser and two destroyers to stand by while the government massacred ____ thousand Salvadorans.

El Salvador;2;60;1932;thirty

What happened to elections in Jamaica, Chile, El Salvador, Panama, Yugoslavia, and elsewhere?

Elections were manipulated by U.S. interventionists with the use of enormous sums, dishonest counts, and well-directed terror.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: The framers of the Constitution assumed that this institution ...would generally consist of propertied and educated gentlemen who would meet months after the election to deliberate and select a president, acting as a damper on popular passions and misjudgments. It was expected that candidates would seldom achieve a majority of this institution, in which case the election would be thrown into the House of Representatives, where each state delegation would vote as a single unit, casting only one vote.

Electoral College

This person was sentenced to prison for opposing the draft.and spoke to the jury: "Verily, poor as we are in democracy how can we give of it to the world? ... a democracy conceived in the military servitude of the masses, in their economic enslavement, and nurtured in their tears and blood, is not democracy at all. It is despotism-the cumulative result of a chain of abuses which, according to that dangerous document, the Declaration of Independence, the people have the right to overthrow...." Who was it?

Emma Goldman

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Americans are working harder and longer for less, often with no job security. Many important vital services are needed, yet many people are unemployed. Job programs, more encompassing than the ones created during the New Deal, could employ people to reclaim the environment, build affordable housing and mass-transit systems, rebuild a crumbling infrastructure, and provide services for the aged and infirm and for the public in general. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Employment Conditions.

During the war, ______ and the ____ set up the ____ to regulate international exchanges of currency; voting would be proportional to capital contributed, so American dominance would be assured. The ______was set up, supposedly to help reconstruct war-destroyed areas, but one of its first objectives was, in its own words, "to promote foreign investment."

England; United States; International Monetary Fund; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, ________ questions the logic of private investment decisions and the conventional models of production expansion to generate economic growth and profit.

Environmentalism

The _____ was used to imprison Americans who spoke or wrote against the war.

Espionage Act

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: When the president frequently issues an executive order, a decree or regulation that has the impact of a law without authorization from Congress (or the Constitution) this is called

Executive Order: Rule by Decree.

Who for almost a half century, planted defamatory stories in the press, collaborated with segregationists, and harassed civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr.?

FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover

The investigation of the _____ disclosed many years of illegal actions to disrupt and destroy radical groups and left-wing groups of all kinds. The ___ had sent forged letters, engaged in burglaries (it admitted to ninety-two between ___ and ____), opened mail illegally, and, in the case of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton, seems to have conspired in murder.

FBI;FBI; 1960;1966

According to the author, "___" around the country confine livestock in cages for the entire duration of their lives, where they are fed everything from ground-up animal parts to _____. Antibiotics are regularly pumped into these creatures to keep them from sickening, and to increase their weight through water retention. Antibiotics also create virulently resistant strains of bacteria for which there is no treatment. Over ___human deaths occur each year in the United States due to food-borne illnesses.

Factory farms; sewage sludge; nine thousand

When _____________ pled guilty to filing false tax returns concealing ____________ in income, it was fined _________, and no one went to jail. Over seven hundred people a year are imprisoned for tax evasion, almost all of them for sums smaller than the amount __________ concealed.

Firestone; $12.6 million; $10,000; Firestone

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: The national debt is a transfer payment from taxpayers to bondholders, from labor to capital, from have-nots and have-littles to have it-alls. Government could end deficit spending by taxing the financial class from whom it now borrows. It must stop bribing the rich with investment subsidies and other guarantees, and redirect capital investments toward not-for-profit public goals. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Fiscal Policy.

Historian ______ ,after a close study of American wartime policy (The Politics of War), concludes that "the American economic war aim was to save capitalism at home and abroad." In ______a State Department official said: "As you know, we've got to plan on enormously increased production in this country after the war, and the American domestic market can't absorb all that production indefinitely. There won't be any question about our needing greatly increased foreign markets."

Gabriel Kolko; April 1944

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Release the hundreds of dissenters who are serving long prison terms on trumped-up charges and whose major offense is their outspoken criticism of the existing system. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Gender, Racial, and Criminal Justice.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: End racial and gender discriminatory practices in all institutional settings. Vigorously enforce the law to protect abortion clinics from vigilante violence, women from male abuse, minorities and homosexuals from hate crimes, and children from incest rape and other forms of adult abuse. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Gender, Racial, and Criminal Justice.

The same thing was happening on the _______ side; as __________ wrote in his great novel, on days when men by the thousands were being blown apart by machine guns and shells, the official dispatches announced "_______."

German; Erich Maria Remarque; All Quiet on the Western Front

Two months after the law passed, a _____ named Charles ____ was arrested in Philadelphia for printing and distributing fifteen thousand leaflets that denounced the draft law and the war. The leaflet recited the ____provision against "involuntary servitude" and said the Conscription Act violated this. Conscription, it said, was "a monstrous deed against humanity in the interests of the financiers of Wall Street." And: "Do not submit to intimidation."

Socialist; Schenck; Thirteenth Amendment

In which of the following countries did the U.S. overthrow popular governments that pursued egalitarian policies for the benefit of the destitute classes and later supported military oligarchs-largely trained and financed by the Pentagon and the CIA?

Greece, the Philippines, Indonesia, and at least ten Latin American nations

The United States moved into the ___ civil war, not with soldiers, but with weapons and military advisers. In the last five months of ____, _______ tons of military equipment were sent by the United ____ to the right-wing government in Athens, including artillery, dive bombers, and stocks of napalm. Two hundred and fifty army officers, headed by General James Van Fleet, advised the Greek army in the field. Van Fleet started a policy-standard in dealing with popular insurrections-of forcibly removing thousands of Greeks from their homes in the countryside, to try to isolate the guerrillas, to remove the source of their support.

Greek; 1947; 74,000; States

At one time or another U.S. leaders, both Democratic and Republican, have supported brutal wars of attrition against popular insurgencies in which of the following countries where all these instances, torture and death squad killings were common methods of counterinsurgency?

Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

Halfway through the twentieth century, the historian Richard ___, in his book The American Political Tradition, examined our important national leaders, from _____ and ______ to Herbert _____ and the two ______-Republicans and Democrats, liberals and conservatives. _____ concluded that "the range of vision embraced by the primary contestants in the major parties has always been bounded by the horizons of property and enterprise. . .. They have accepted the economic virtues of ______ culture as necessary qualities of man. . . . That culture has been intensely nationalistic. . . ."

Hofstadter;Jefferson;Jackson;Hoover;Roosevelts;Hofstadter;capitalist

Who was the reformist president who was elected in Venezuela and proceeded to use oil revenues for social programs for the poor, the White House predictably denounced him as a dictator, a firebrand, and an aggrandizing enemy of the United States, rejecting his overtures for friendly relations as deceptive ploys?

Hugo Chavez

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 24: World War ____ created a new unity, followed by an apparently successful attempt, in the atmosphere of the ____ war, to extinguish the strong ______ temper of the war years. But then, surprisingly, came the surge of the _____, from people thought long subdued or put out of sight blacks, women, Native Americans, prisoners, soldiers-and a new _______, which threatened to spread widely in a population disillusioned by the _____ war and the politics of ___.

II; cold; radical; sixties; radicalism; Vietnam; Watergate

After the war, rather than being prosecuted for aiding the enemy,

ITT collected $27 million, and General Motors over $33 million, from the U.S. government for damages inflicted on their German plants by Allied bombings.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The threat of unemployment, always inside the homes of the poor, has spread to white-collar workers, professionals. A college education is no longer a guarantee against joblessness', and a system that cannot offer a future to the young coming out of school is in deep trouble. If it happens only to the children of the poor, the problem is manageable; there are the jails. ........The poor are accustomed to being squeezed and always short of money, but in recent years the middle classes, too, have begun to feel the press of high prices, high taxes. What does this passage signify?

If it happens to the children of the middle class, things may get out of hand.

US consumer debt reached a record high by 2002 and doubled in size from 2001 to 2008. A nationwide survey found that a large majority of personal bankruptcies are related to

Illness and costly medical expenses

In 1990-1991, which country had a former U.S. CIA client who asked for a larger share of the oil market to the annoyance of the giant petroleum companies. In retaliation for the slant drilling of its oil fields by the feudal rulers of Kuwait, invaded Kuwait?

Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein

So it was not just Soviet expansion that was threatening to the United States government and to American business interests. In fact, China, Korea, Indochina, the Philippines, represented local Communist movements, not Russian fomentation. What was the "threat" to the U.S.?

It was a general wave of anti-imperialist insurrection in the world, which would require gigantic American effort to defeat: national unity for militarization of the budget, for the suppression of domestic opposition to such a foreign policy.

The CIA has recruited hit men for "international murder missions," supplying arms and money to ____________to murder members of communist-led dockworkers' unions in Italy and France in 1947 and 1950. After these unions were broken, the ________ were given a freer hand transporting heroin from Asia to Western Europe and North America. Assisted by the CIA itself, _____________ in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan increased their opium production and distribution tenfold.

Italian and Corsican mafias; mobsters; anticommunist drug lords

In 2005 the most notorious of these was lobbyist ___________who was charged with bribing members of Congress and the Bush administration in exchange for official favors.

Jack Abramoff

It was also noted that _______ depended on the rice of _______, and Communist victory there would "make it extremely difficult to prevent Japan's eventual accommodation to communism." In _____, a congressional study mission reported: "The area of Indochina is immensely wealthy in rice, rubber, coal and iron ore. Its position makes it a strategic key to the rest of Southeast Asia." That year, a State Department memorandum said that the _____ were losing the war in Indochina, had failed "to win a sufficient native support," feared that a negotiated settlement "would mean the eventual loss to Communism not only of _____ but of the whole of "Southeast Asia," and concluded: "If the _____ actually decided to withdraw, the U.S. would have to consider most seriously whether to take over in this area.

Japan; Southeast Asia; 1953; French; Indochina; French

Who said, "why a Court that has not been particularly receptive to the rights of criminal defendants" now protects "the elite class of powerful individuals who will benefit from this decision"?

Justice Stevens commenting on the McNally v. United States (1987)

Who was investigating radiation safety negligence at Kerr-McGee corporation and died suspiciously as a result?

Karen Silkwood

Socialist ______, speaking in North Dakota in July of 1917, said, it was reported, that "the women of the United States were nothing more nor less than brood sows, to raise children to get into the army and be made into fertilizer." She was arrested, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to five years in the Missouri state penitentiary.

Kate Richards O'Hare

_____ now became a chief target of the ___, which tapped his private phone conversations, sent him fake letters, threatened him, blackmailed him, and even suggested once in an anonymous letter that he commit suicide. ______ internal memos discussed finding a black leader to replace ____. As a Senate report on the ____ said in ___, the ____ tried "to destroy Dr. Martin Luther King."

King; FBI; FBI; King; FBI; 1976; FBI

According to the author, consider the fate of___. In ____ that city was served by one of the finest rail systems in the world, covering a seventy-five-mile radius with quiet, pollution-free electric trains that carried ____million passengers a year. But General Motors (GM) and Standard Oil, using dummy corporations as fronts, purchased the system, and replaced the electric cars with GM buses fueled by Standard Oil. By____, the corporations had replaced electric streetcar networks with gas-guzzling high-emission buses in over one hundred cities across the nation. Then they cut back on city and suburban bus services to encourage mass dependency on cars. In____, General Motors was found guilty of conspiracy in these activities and fined the crushing sum of $___. Motor vehicles extract a staggering social cost.

Los Angeles; 1935; 80; 1955; 1949; 5,000

On __________ ,a company of American soldiers went into the hamlet of ______, in ______province. They rounded up the inhabitants, including old people and women with infants in their arms. These people were ordered into a ditch, where they were methodically shot to death by American soldiers. The testimony of James Dursi, a rifleman, at the later trial of Lieutenant William Calley, was reported in the New York Times: Lieutenant Calley and a weeping rifleman named Paul D. Meadlo-the same soldier who had fed candy to the children before shooting them- pushed the prisoners into the ditch....

March 16, 1968; My Lai 4; Quang Ngai

The ____ Plan also had a political motive. The Communist parties of ___ and ___ were strong, and the United States decided to use pressure and money to keep Communists out of the cabinets of those countries. When the Plan was beginning, Truman's Secretary of State ____ said: "These measures of relief and reconstruction have been only in part suggested by humanitarianism. Your Congress has authorized and your Government is carrying out, a policy of relief and reconstruction today chiefly as a matter of national self-interest."

Marshall; Italy; France; Dean Acheson

In which case did the justices decided that sentencing a mentally retarded thirteen-year-old to life imprisonment was not a violation of the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishment"?

Massey v. Washington (1991)

Who founded a union-led group that was more democratic and consistently secured better contracts for workers and gave stronger support to minority representation?

Maurice Zeitlin found communist-led unions which were more democratic than anticommunist ones.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Who wrote: "The question is: How are freedom and democracy in the long run at all possible under the domination of highly developed capitalism?"

Max Weber

In what case did the Supreme Court rein in the prosecutory power when applied to upper-class white-collar offenders, making it more difficult to bring mail fraud charges against persons in private business, govenrment, and the judiciary?

McNally v. United States (1987)

In Nicaragua, what did the U.S. do?

Supported a U.S.-backed mercenary force killed over 30,000 people, orphaned more than 9,000 children, and destroyed crops, homes, schools, health clinics, and other facilities-for an estimated damage of over $3 billion.

According to the authors, which of the following are part of the federal court system?

Supreme Court

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, under the term ENVIRONMENTALISM, Issues that inspire environmentalists cover a diverse spectrum that includes animal and human rights, controlling and preventing or eliminating pollution - up to and including matters related to GLOBAL WARMING - industrial democracy, liberalization of private morality and the eradication of endemic diseases, hunger and poverty through __________.

Sustainable Development

In the late 1980s, the U.S. national security state helped this country to carry out a campaign of extermination against progressive reformist elements. Their authorities admitted that at least 275 political dissidents were tortured and assassinated. One survivor described how she was raped, tortured, and then forced to watch the torture of her husband and one-year-old daughter. Which country was this?

Mexico

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Military Spending. The loss of jobs that will come with ridding ourselves of a war economy could be mitigated by embarking upon a massive conversion to a peacetime economy, putting the monies saved from the bloated military budget into human services and domestic needs enumerated earlier. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Military Spending

When __________'s Italy invaded _________ in _____, the U.S. declared an embargo on munitions but let American businesses send oil to Italy in huge quantities, which was essential to Italy's carrying on the war. When a Fascist rebellion took place in ____ in ____ against the elected socialist-liberal government, the Roosevelt administration sponsored a neutrality act that had the effect of shutting off help to the ________ government while ___ and ______ gave critical aid to ____. Offner says: ... the United States went beyond even the legal requirements of its neutrality legislation. Had aid been forthcoming from the United States and from England and France, considering that Hitler's position on aid to France was not firm at least until November ____, the Spanish Republicans could well have triumphed. Instead, Germany gained every advantage from the Spanish civil war.

Mussolini; Ethiopia; 1935; Spain; 1936; Spanish; Hitler; Mussolini; Franco; 1936

In 1935 working people won a major victory when a law was passed setting up the_________________ as an independent federal agency to protect labor's right to collective bargaining. In the years that followed, union membership increased dramatically and workers across the country won wage gains amounting to billions of dollars.

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: Yet presidents themselves have sometimes made claim to dictatorial absolutist power. .... This President went even further, asserting an "inherent executive power" under the Constitution to commit even criminal acts when impelled by what he considered to be national security considerations. As he put it, "When the president does it, that means it is not illegal."

Nixon

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: __________ requested the IRS to stop auditing the incomes of close friends and go after his political enemies. Official audits revealed that he underpaid his taxes by $444,022 while spending over $2.4 million of taxpayers' money on improvements of his private estate.

Nixon

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The exile of ___, the celebration of the Bicentennial, the presidency of _____, all aimed at restoration. But restoration to the old order was no solution to the uncertainty, the alienation, which was intensified in the _________ years. The election of _______ in 1992, carrying with it a vague promise of change, did not fulfill the expectations of the hopeful.

Nixon; Carter; Reagan-Bush; Clinton

Corporate influence on the White House is a permanent fact of the American system. Most of it is wise enough to stay within the law; under _____ they took chances. An executive in the meatpacking industry said during the _____ events that he had been approached by a _____ campaign official and told that while a ____ contribution would be appreciated, "for___ you get to talk to the President." Many of these corporations gave money to both sides, so that whichever won they would have friends in the administration. Chrysler Corporation urged its executives to "support the party and candidate of their choice," and then collected the checks from them and delivered the checks to Republican or Democratic campaign committees.

Nixon;Watergate;Nixon;$25,000; $50,000

Which country did President Bush, Sr. launch massive bombings that contaminated that country's fertile agricultural lands with depleted uranium and killed, by Pentagon estimates, 200,000 people and had once had the highest standard of living in the Middle East, which was reduced to destitution, kept down by U.S.-led sanctions-and with its own oil kept off the international market, unable to infringe upon oil cartel profits.

None of these

A former official observed: "In my 30-year history in the Drug Enforcement Administration [DEA] and related agencies, the major targets of my investigations almost invariably turned out to be working for the CIA." In ____________, a former DEA director and a DEA agent both appeared on CBS's 60 Minutes and detailed the CIA's massive theft of cocaine from DEA warehouses. The cocaine was later sold on the streets in the United States. Likewise DEA efforts at thwarting the drug outflow from ________; Burma; have been stymied by the CIA and State Department on behalf of____________corporation-loving, drug-running dictatorship.

November 1993; Burma; Burma's

When Army investigators reached the barren area in _________, in connection with the _________probe in the United States, they found mass graves at _____ sites, as well as a ditch full of bodies. It was estimated that between ____ and ___ people-most of them women, children and old men-had been slain and buried there. The army tried to cover up what happened. But a letter began circulating from a GI named ________, who had heard about the massacre. There were photos taken of the killing by an army photographer, ________. ________, then working for an antiwar news agency in Southeast Asia called Dispatch News Service, wrote about it. The story of the massacre had appeared in _______ in two French publications, one called Sud Vietnam en Lutte, and another published by the North Vietnamese delegation to the peace talks in Paris-but the American press did not pay any attention.

November, 1969; My Lai; three; 450; 500; Ron Ridenhour; Ronald Haeberle; Seymour Hersh; May 1968

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The USA Patriot Act also traveled the fast lane, being rushed through Congress so quickly that most members had no chance to read it and no notion of its extreme and repressive provisions . Throughout his first year in office, this President kept the Patriot Act intact with all its potentially oppressive features.

Obama

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: This administration continued, like its predecessors, to argue that the state secrets privilege was rooted in the Constitution. The White House maintained that on national security grounds the executive branch could have lawsuits dismissed and evidence kept secret from the courts. Civil libertarians argue that such an untrammeled privilege easily becomes a way of concealing the worst kinds of government misconduct. The White House then attempted to keep the privilege but with limitations upon it. The president's Attorney General Eric Holder decided that military and intelligence agencies would not be free to withhold anything and everything they wanted to; they now needed the approval of the Justice Department to keep classified evidence out of court and out of sight. Holder also initiated an investigation of the CIA's abuse of prisoners.

Obama

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which president did the following?: Did little to rein in the national security state. He appointed Leon Panetta as director of the CIA, and Panetta promptly became a total advocate of the agency's prerogatives, making no attempt to clean house. President did not rescind the domestic wiretapping program installed by his predecessor., and he continued the practice of sending terrorist suspects to third countries for interrogation. These prisoners (euphemistically designated as "detainees") often were arrested on flimsy evidence, given no legal defense, never tried, confined indefinitely in violation of habeas corpus, and subjected to harsh treatment including protracted torture. The president refused to release hundreds of Pentagon photos showing the abuse of prisoners by U.S. personnel, although he did promise that there would be no such torture on his watch.

Obama

President _______ appointed _____ as Treasury secretary to supervise the financial bailout of 2008—2009. ______ had been president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and was close to many of the speculators and investors at Goldman Sachs and AIG and other Wall Street financiers, the very people he was supposed to be reining in and regulating. Likewise _____ appointed _____as director of the White House National Economic Council to assist in trying to bring the unregulated banking crisis under control. This same ______, while serving as _____ Secretary of the Treasury, had worked for the repeal of key regulatory banking provisions, a deregulation that arguably led to the subprime mortgage crisis. But Summers insisted that financial crises are caused by an excess of regulation. This self-professed free marketeer was now called upon to regulate his friends, the Wall Street moguls.

Obama;Timothy Geithner;Geithner;Obama;Lawrence Summers;Summers;Clinton's

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford both voiced their support for environmentalism and then opened new forest lands to strip mining. Both gave lip service to the problems of the Vietnam veteran, the plight of the elderly, and the needs of the poor, yet cut benefits to these groups. President Jimmy Carter promised to reduce the military budget and arms sales; instead he increased both. He talked of helping the needy, but proposed cutbacks in youth summer jobs, child nutrition programs, and other benefits, while offering lavish subsidies to big business. What does this passage indicate?

One of the president's many roles is "chief liar," performed by offering the public a deceptive admixture of populist rhetoric and plutocratic policy.

Extraordinary rendition means

Only A and B

While demanding an ___ Door in __, it had insisted (with the Monroe Doctrine and many military interventions) on a __ Door in Latin America-that is, closed to everyone but the United States. It had engineered a revolution against ____ and created the "independent" state of ___ in order to build and control the Canal. It sent five thousand marines to ___ in 1926 to counter a revolution, and kept a force there for seven years. It intervened in the ______ for the fourth time in 1916 and kept troops there for eight years. It intervened for the second time in _____ in 1915 and kept troops there for nineteen years. Between 1900 and 1933, the United States intervened in ____ four times, in ___ twice, in ___ six times, in ____ once, in Honduras seven times. By 1924 the finances of half of the twenty Latin American states were being directed to some extent by the United States. By 1935, over half of U.S. steel and cotton exports were being sold in Latin America.

Open; China; Closed; Colombia; Panama; Nicaragua; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Cuba; Nicaragua; Panama; Guatemala

According to DFF 7 ________________ research is heavily subsidized by ________________ to the tune of over $________ annually.

Pharmaceuticals; government; 15 billion

The CIA in Vietnam, in a program called "Operation ______," secretly, without trial, executed at least ______ thousand civilians in ____ Vietnam who were suspected of being members of the Communist underground. A pro-administration analyst wrote in the journal Foreign Affairs in __________: Although the Phoenix program did undoubtedly kill or incarcerate many innocent civilians, it did also eliminate many members of the Communist infrastructure." After the war, the release of records of the International Red Cross showed that in South Vietnamese prison camps, where at the height of the war ______ to _____ people were held and often beaten and tortured, American advisers observed and sometimes participated. The Red Cross observers found continuing, systematic brutality at the two principal Vietnamese POW camps-at Phu Quoc and Qui Nhon, where American advisers were stationed. By the end of the Vietnam war, ________ tons of bombs had been dropped on Vietnam, more than twice the total bombs dropped on Europe and Asia in World War II-almost one 500-pound bomb for every human being in Vietnam. It was estimated that there were ______ bomb craters in the country. In addition, poisonous sprays were dropped by planes to destroy trees and any kind of growth-an area the size of the state of Massachusetts was covered with such poison. Vietnamese mothers reported birth defects in their children. Yale biologists, using the same poison (2,4,5,T) on mice, reported defective mice born and said they had no reason to believe the effect on humans was different.

Phoenix; twenty; South; January 1975; 65,000; 70,000; 7 million; 20 million

According to the author, in, 2008 - 2009, during the subprime-mortgage scandal, millions of working families were dispossessed of their homes by the duplicitous practices of predatory lenders and investors. Many ended up doubling up with relatives or living in low-rent hovels or "tent cities," only adding to the housing crisis in America. Early in its first year in office, the Obama administration announced the Making Home Affordable (MHA) Program, a comprehensive plan intended to assist some 7 to 9 million homeowners by reducing mortgage payments to affordable levels and preventing avoidable foreclosures. The program was designed to restore the housing market, shore up its slumping values and prices, and ease the impact and frequency of foreclosures-without eliminating foreclosures or restoring ownership to the many who lost their homes. This passage indicatres what about the government and free market relationships?

That the government had to step in with public funds to assist some 7 to 9 million homeowners by reducing mortgage payments to affordable levels and preventing avoidable foreclosures

Phoenix; twenty; South; January 1975; 65,000; 70,000; 7 million; 20 million

Which of the following presidents served as as former CIA director and then Vice President who later as president pardoned a half dozen Iran-contra criminals, including Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger, and State Department official Elliot Abrams, who later became Bush Jr.'s deputy national security advisor?

President Bush, Sr.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Presidents describe the overseas investments of giant corporations as "U.S. interests" abroad, to be defended at all costs-or certainly at great cost to the taxpayer. The president's primary commitment abroad is not to democracy as such but to free-market capitalism. In an address before the United Nations, 27 September 1993, ___________said: "Our overriding purpose is to expand and strengthen the world's community of market-based democracies."

President Clinton

After running on a platform promising sweeping changes, which president went on to appoint a number of establishment policy elites, including Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner, erstwhile Republican, a former director of the IMF and once president of the New York Federal Reserve, a member of the CFR, and a member of the Group of Thirty (a highly selective policy consultative group in Washington, D.C.)?

President Obama

____ depended much on foreign ______, it was believed by the leaders of the country. In __, the private foreign investments of the United States amounted to ____ dollars. By 1914 they were ______. Wilson's Secretary of State, ______, while a believer in neutrality in the war, also believed that the United States needed overseas, markets; in ___ he praised the President as one who had "opened the doors of all the weaker countries to an invasion of American capital and American enterprise."

Prosperity; markets; 1897; $700 million; $3 1/2 billion; William Jennings Bryan; May of 1914;

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: In 1984 this president won 58.8 percent of the votes cast but 97.5 percent of the Electoral College. Under this system, the location of votes sometimes becomes more important than the actual number of votes.

Reagan

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: This administration terminated benefits for hundreds of thousands of disabled Americans. When federal courts found the action to be illegal, the administration announced it would ignore the unfavorable court decisions.

Reagan

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: Yet presidents themselves have sometimes made claim to dictatorial absolutist power. When asked whether a U.S. military foray into Bolivia, ostensibly to catch drug traffickers, was in the national interest, This President said, "Anything we do is in the national interest."

Reagan

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which president did the following?: Conservatives long called for "limited government," yet they also have come to appreciate the uses of a strong presidency in advancing the causes of military-industrial capitalism at home and abroad. It was a right-wing president, who broadened the realm of executive power. This president requested (unsuccessfully) an item veto that would have allowed him to veto select portions of any bill he signed. He called for repeal of the Twenty-second Amendment, which limits presidents to just two terms. In contrast, some of his liberal opponents talked about making the executive more accountable to Congress, and said nothing bad about the Twenty-second Amendment and nothing good about an item veto.

Reagan

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which president did the following?: President sought "to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment" by giving many reduced social programs back to the states (when he could not abolish them outright). This supposedly would revitalize state governments. In actuality, states and cities were given greater responsibility for dealing with social problems but less resources to do so given the drastic cuts in federal revenue sharing.

Reagan

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: _________ pushed through the deregulation of oil and gasoline prices, then received huge contributions from the oil industry. A "team" of 249 fat cats put up at least $100,000 each to help elect Bush Sr. in 1988. In return, they all were granted special dispensations on regulatory and legal matters.

Reagan

___huge military budget was to provoke a national movement against nuclear weapons. In the election of ____ that brought him into the Presidency, local referenda in ___ districts in western _____ permitted voters to say whether they believed in a mutual Soviet-American halt to testing, production, and deployment of all nuclear weapons, and wanted Congress to devote those funds instead to ___ use. Two peace groups had worked for months on the campaign and all __ districts approved the resolution (__________), even those that voted for ___ as President. Similar referenda received ____ votes between ____ in San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Madison, and Detroit.

Reagan's;1980;three;Massachusetts;civilian;three;94,000 to 65,000;Reagan;majority;1978 and 1981

President ______ issued a presidential directive that forced some ____ million government workers to take a pledge of ___ and of lifetime government censorship of their writings and speeches. Administrators have sought to undercut the ______by outright denial of requests, or by imposing years of delay before releasing materials, or inking out more and more information on the released documents, and sometimes charging exorbitant copying fees.

Reagan;2;secrecy;Freedom of Information Act

Officeholders who prove especially cooperative toward lobbying interests might later be rewarded with lucrative positions in the corporate world when they return to private life. Barred from lobbying for only one year after leaving public service, they are becoming lobbyists with increasing frequency. A recent example is ____________ who, having played an active role in passing the ________-dollar boondoggle Medicare prescription drug bill, was reportedly offered a _________ job with PhRMA, the pharmaceutical industry's leading lobbying group.

Rep. Billy Tauzin (R-La.); trillion; $2 million-a-year

Then, in 1947, a ___________-controlled Congress passed the ___________, which imposed _________ on strikes, boycotts, and labor organizing. Union membership has steadily _______ from __________of the workforce to about __________. If we don't count public employees and consider only the private sector, union membership _________ to ____, _______ than during the 1930s.

Republican; Taft-Hartley Act; restrictions; shrunk; 35 percent; 12 percent; declined; 7.9 percent; lower

One of those who stayed, fought, but then turned against the war was ______. His father worked in a supermarket on ______. In ___, at the age of seventeen, he enlisted in the marines. Two years later, in Vietnam, at the age of nineteen, his spine was shattered by shellfire. Paralyzed from the waist down, he was put in a wheelchair. Back in the States, he observed the brutal treatment of wounded veterans in the veterans' hospitals, thought more and more about the war, and joined the "Vietnam Veterans Against the War. He went to demonstrations to speak against the war. One evening he heard actor ______ read from the post-World War I novel by ______, Johnny Got His Gun, about a soldier whose limbs and face were shot away by gunfire, a thinking torso who invented a way of communicating with the outside world and then beat out a message so powerful it could not be heard without trembling.

Ron Kovic; Long Island; 1963; Donald Sutherland; Dalton Trumbo

______________ admitted to carrying out mind-control projects at over eighty institutions, sometimes on unsuspecting persons, and was responsible for the death of at least one government employee.

The CIA

In 1961 the chief of the CIA's Covert Action Staff wrote that books were "the most important weapon of strategic propaganda." The Church Committee found that more than a thousand books were produced, subsidized, or sponsored by the CIA before the end of 1967. This refers to what?

The Church Committee uncovered CIA operations to secretly influence the minds of Americans

Chief Justice William Rehnquist argued that this was not excessive and that cruel and unusual punishment might be when someone is given, say, a life sentence for "overtime parking." What case did this concern?

The Court upheld a life sentence given to a man for three minor frauds totaling $230.

According to the author, which organization for decades, conducted a counterintelligence program, Cointelpro, designed to subvert progressive groups. Working closely with right-wing organizations, used forged documents, illegal break-ins, telephone taps, and undercover provocateurs and infiltrated labor unions in attempts to brand them "communist controlled," and it worked with management in the surveillance of strikers?

The FBI

According to the authors, who interprets the Constitution

The Federal Courts

The Nixon administration tried to get the Supreme Court to stop further publication, but the Court said this was "prior restraint" of the freedom of the press and thus unconstitutional The government then indicted Ellsberg and Russo for violating the Espionage Act by releasing classified documents to unauthorized people; they faced long terms in prison if convicted. The judge, however, called off the trial during the jury deliberations, because the Watergate events unfolding at the time revealed unfair practices by the prosecution. Ellsberg, by his bold act, had broken with the usual tactic of dissidents inside the government who bided their time and kept their opinions to themselves, hoping for small changes in policy. A colleague urged him not to leave the government because there he had "access," saying, "Don't cut yourself off. Don't cut your throat." Ellsberg replied: "Life exists outside the Executive Branch." What was the name of this famous freedom of press case called?

The Pentagon Papers

According to the authors, during the 2000 election, who overruled state courts, state laws, and local canvassing boards in order to reach a verdict that was political congenial?

The Supreme Court

In East Timor, the U.S. did what?

The U.S.-funded Indonesian military slaughtered some 200,000 people, more than one-third of the population.

What official position stems from the child labor practices of U.S. corporations throughout the Third World, where children as young as twelve suffer high rates of injuries and fatalities?

The United States is one of the few countries that has refused to sign an international convention for the abolition of child labor and forced labor.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Presidents have regularly violated this act when invading or attacking other countries. Which act did they violate?

The War Powers Act

By the fall of 1973 eight different resolutions had been introduced in the House of Representatives for the impeachment of President Nixon. The following year a House committee drew up a hill of impeachment to present it to a full House. Nixon's advisers told him it would pass the House by the required majority and then the Senate would vote the necessary two-thirds majority to remove him from office. On August 8, 1974, Nixon resigned. What scandal does tis refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: This is the single most urgent problem the world faces (or refuses to face). Unless we move swiftly, changing direction 180 degrees, we will face a future so catastrophic that it defies description, and it may come much sooner than we think. What is the single most urgent problem the world faces?

The dangers of global warming are so immense, so compounding and fast acting that an all-out effort is needed to reverse the ecological apocalypse of flood, drought, and famine.

The U.S. can destroy Iraq's highways, but not build its own; create the conditions for epidemic in Iraq, but not offer health care to millions of Americans. It can excoriate Iraqi treatment of the Kurdish minority, but not deal with domestic race relations; create homelessness abroad but not solve it here; keep a half million troops drug free as part of a war, but refuse to fund the treatment of millions of drug addicts at borne. ... We shall lose the war after we have won it.

The government's demand for increased military spending while decreasing public spending

For almost a century, many of them have gathered every summer at Bohemian Grove, a vast luxurious male-only retreat in a California redwood forest owned by the Bohemian Club of San Francisco. The guest list has included every Republican U.S. president and some Democratic ones, many top White House officials, and directors of large corporate and financial institutions. "The collective corporate stock ownership by [Bohemian Grove] members and guests conservatively exceeds $100 billion." Who does this passage refer to?

The place where top politico-economic elites who frequently gather to decide what candidates to support and what policies to pursue at home and abroad, so to better secure their common class interests.

According to DFF7 _________ has brought additional reductions in human services, creating more hunger, isolation, and unattended illness for those with the fewest economic resources and the least political clout.

The recession of 2008—2009

Defense contractors enjoy these features of military spending. Which of the following is true and cited in the text?

There is a Pentagon-leased luxury hotel outside Disney World in Florida that requires an annual federal subsidy of $27 million.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: We have known for some time that the poor and ignored were the nonvoters, alienated from a political system they felt didn't care about them, and about which they could do little. Now alienation has spread upward into families above the poverty line. These are white workers, neither rich nor poor, but angry over economic insecurity, unhappy with their work, worried about their neighborhoods, hostile to government combining elements of racism with elements of class consciousness, contempt for the lower classes along with distrust for the elite, and thus open to solutions from any direction, right or left. What does this passage signify?

There is evidence of growing dissatisfaction among the guards.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: There is none that disperses its controls more complexly through the voting system, the work situation, the church, the family, the school, the mass media none more successful in mollifying opposition with reforms, isolating people from one another, creating patriotic loyalty. What is this passage referring to?

There is no system of control with more openings, apertures, leeways, flexibilities, rewards for the chosen, winning tickets in lotteries.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation? Strict prohibitions should be placed on lobbyist gifts and services that are now little more than legalized bribery.

Third

Wages in the United States compare favorably to wages in

Third World countries that have very weak or nonexistent unions.

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, _____ (1857—1929) in his The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). Veblen used the term 'conspicuous consumption' to denote unusual purchasing patterns through which people attempt to enhance their social status according to the amount or expense of the commodities they accumulate or consume. Such action subordinates human individuality and personal development to the purchase of brand names, designer labels and the statements made by the ownership and display of expensive cars, houses, jewellery and other luxury items; possibly in an attempt to remedy feelings of ALIENATION. Personal relationships also become restricted to an interaction between people with similar interests in the pursuit of wealth, luxury and the consumption of similar products .

Thorstein Veblen

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Against the reality of that desperate, bitter battle for resources made scarce by elite control, I am taking the liberty of uniting those 99 percent as "the people." I have been writing a history that attempts to represent their submerged, deflected, common interest. To emphasize the commonality of the 99 percent, to declare deep enmity of interest with the 1 percent, is to do exactly what the governments of the United States, and the wealthy elite allied to them-from the Founding Fathers to now-have tried their best to prevent. According to Zinn, what did we want to emphasize about the American political system?

To emphasize the commonality of the 99 percent, to declare deep enmity of interest with the 1 percent, is to do exactly what the governments of the United States, and the wealthy elite allied to them-from the Founding Fathers to now-have tried their best to prevent.

In 1997, the House barred outside groups and individuals from lodging ethics complaints against its members. When ___________ was facing felony indictments in 2004, the House GOP pushed through a rule to ensure that such criminal charges would not prevent him from keeping his post as House Majority Leader.

Tom Delay

____ made a point of bringing a substantial number of non-partisan soldiers, ______ bankers, and Wall Street lawyers into his Administration. He went to the existing sources of power in the country to get help he needed in ruling the country. _____ in part inherited this coalition and was in part almost its creation... . ______ attempted to re-create a somewhat similar structure of alliances.

Truman; Republican;Eisenhower;Kennedy

The United States responded with the ___ Doctrine, the name given to a speech ____ gave to Congress in the spring of ___, in which he asked for $____ million in military and economic aid to ___ and ___. Truman said the U.S. must help "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

Truman; Truman; 1947; 400; Greece; Turkey

From 1969 to 1972, ________________ jointly operated an organization called the Legion of Justice. Its members clubbed and maced protestors and antiwar demonstrators, broke into their headquarters, stole files, vandalized a progressive bookstore, and committed other such criminal acts.

U.S. Military Intelligence and the Chicago police

At one time or another, which various agencies have admitted to maintaining surveillance on millions of private citizens and even members of Congress, planting their operatives in other units of government and plant stories in the U.S. media, secretly enlisting the cooperation of media bosses, journalists, and editors?

U.S. intelligence

The U.S. overthrew reformist governments in Iran, Guatemala, the Congo, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay because

U.S. rulers mainly have been defending the capitalist world from social change-even when the change has been peaceful and democratic.

After World War II, ________ intelligence agencies put thousands of Nazi war criminals and their collaborators on the ______ payroll, utilizing them in repressive operations against the left in Latin America and elsewhere.

U.S.; U.S.

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, both dominated by the _______, adopted a ______ banker's approach to debt-ridden Third World countries. They insisted that these poor nations allocate a good part of their ____ resources to repaying loans to the ____ countries, at the cost of cutting social services to their already desperate populations.

United States;hard-nosed;meager;rich

In one decade, government requirements for seat belts, speed limits, emergency public health facilities, and safety features on consumer products helped produce a 21 percent drop in accidental fatalities. Since the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was established, even with its serious understaffing, the job fatality rate has been cut in half and an estimated 140,000 workers' lives have been saved. What does this passage mean?

We need more of OSHA, not less.

_____________________________had to say about Guatemala could apply to any number of places, namely that the government has used indiscriminate "counter-terror" to combat insurgency. "People are killed or disappear on the basis of simple accusations.... Interrogations are brutal, torture is used and bodies are mutilated. We _________ have condoned counter-terror.... We encouraged the Guatemalan Army to do these things."

What a State Department memorandum; [the U.S. government]

According to the author, during the popular struggles against war and racial segregation in the late 1960s, some activists suffered physical assault and even death at the hands of ______________.

White vigilantes while police and FBI informants either looked the other way or actually assisted.

The picture is no brighter at the state and local levels. Because of drastic cuts in federal grants, many states had to reduce their health care, housing, education, and family assistance programs. Contrary to prevailing myths, most recipients of family assistance are _______ (although ____ Americans and ____ are disproportionately represented); less than ____ are able bodied men; over ____are U.S. citizens, not illegal aliens; and most stay on welfare for not more than two years. Recipients do not live in luxury. Their allotments are far below the poverty level.

White; African; Latinos; 1 percent; 95 percent

In a memo to Bryan who described his aim as "an open door to the world," and in 1914 he said he supported "the righteous conquest of foreign markets."?

Woodrow Wilson

During _________the Navy tested the effects of poison gas using sailors as guinea pigs. As many as _____________ took part in the experiments, many suffering long-term disabilities. Tens of thousands of veterans have been sickened or have died from exposure to atomic testing during the 1950s or from toxic herbicides used in the _________. And more than _________ veterans may have been exposed to depleted uranium or other highly hazardous materials, including anthrax inoculations that are suspected of causing serious illness.

World War II; 60,000; Vietnam War; 200,000 Gulf War

The first principle of environmentalism is that the earth as a whole, for all time, must be seen as '_____.'

a commons

One test survey conducted by the Transportation Security Administration itself "found that fake guns, bombs, and other weapons got past security screeners almost one-fourth of the time" which revealed that

airport security remains something of an inconvenient joke

According to Parenti, which of the following would characterize non-corporate independent media?

all of these

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, The central value assertions of environmentalism are inherently appealing to most reasonable and informed people are which of the following?

all of these

Almost one-third of Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) members are from the corporate business sector and big banks, including directors from

all of these

Corporate media coverage of U.S. involvement in foreign affairs tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

all of these

Environmentalism is an ideology and a movement to protest the quality and continuity of human life through

all of these

Unions have played an important role

all of these

Defense contractors enjoy these features of military spending. Which of the following is true and cited in the text?

all of these (IM CONFUSED THIS IS THE SAME AS THE OTHER BUT THIS ONE SAYS ALL AND THE OTHER WAS WRONG FOR SAYING THAT)

According to the author, company bosses have used

armed thugs to break union organizing efforts by creating a climate of violence and intimidation.

Despite the overthrow of the USSR and other Eastern European communist nations in 1990—1992, U.S. military allocations continued ______________levels, and U.S. overseas military strength remained deployed in much the same pattern as before, with its Cold War arsenal of long-range nuclear missiles aimed mostly at the former Soviet Union, an enemy that no longer exists. In recent years the list of sites targeted by U.S. nuclear weapons actually ____________, including new targets in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakstan, China, Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.

at budget-busting stratospheric; grew by 20 percent

In recent decades, U.S. industries and banks have invested heavily in the Third World (the poorer regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America), because they are

attracted by the rich natural resources and the high return that comes with underpaid labor and the absence of taxes, environmental regulations, and occupational safety costs.

Union membership has declined

because unions are so unpopular

According to Parenti, the mainstream media tends to be which of the following

biased toward corporate state policies, large corporations which tend to be lapdogs of plutocracy

In national elections, ___________ generally outspends ________ by ________.

business; labor; more than seven to one

The ____ community opposes such programs because they expand the _____ sector; they provide for ____ needs, and create alternative sources of individual income and ____ revenues, leaving people less desperately competing for jobs, and less willing to work for miserable wages. They demonstrate that life can be served well without anyone making a huge ___ and growing ____ off the rest of us. Environmental regulations do benefit the public with cleaner air and water, but they cut into industry profits. ___ housing did dramatically reduce overcrowding and homelessness between ___ and ___, but it created a whole stock of housing units that compete with the private supply, helping to dampen rents in the ___ housing market. Rent control did keep millions of units affordable while allowing landlords to make "reasonable" profits, but nowhere as much profits as they otherwise could make without rent control.

business;public;social;public;profit;rich;Public;1940;1980;private

Organized labor usually cannot match business in spending power and political muscle. In recent elections, big business outspent labor

by twenty-four to one.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 24: After the Civil War, a new coalition of southern and northern elites developed, with southern whites and blacks of the lower classes occupied in racial conflict, native workers and immigrant workers clashing in the North, and the farmers dispersed over a big country, while the system of_____________

capitalism consolidated itself in industry and government.

If government is corporate _______ provider and protector at home and abroad, and if government and business are so intermingled as to be often indistinguishable, why are businesspeople so critical of "government meddling in the economy"? There are a number of explanations. First, corporate America is not at all against monopolistic ____ that limit entry into a market, weaken smaller competitors, subsidize select industries, set production standards that only big companies can meet, and encourage monopoly pricing. It is public service _____ that big business wants eliminated, such things as antitrust laws, and worker, consumer, and environmental protections. These are anathema to business because they benefit the general public while cutting into the profits of the privileged investor. _____ in the public-service realm leaves business freer to pursue profits without incurring any obligation for the social costs of that pursuit. _____ has given the mining companies a free hand to devastate whole regions without having to pay any restoration costs. _____ allows corporate executives to pad their paychecks with fringe benefits and stock options without having to tell stockholders or tax collectors, an arrangement that one business journalist called "a license to steal."

capitalism's;regulations;regulation;Deregulation;Deregulation;Deregulation

It was an accurate observation. Despite the political consensus of Democrats and Republicans in Washington which set limits on American reform, making sure that _____ was in place, that national military strength was maintained, that wealth and power remained in the hands of ___, there were millions of Americans, probably tens of millions, who ____, either actively or silently, to go along. Their activities were largely unreported by the media. They constituted this____

capitalism;a few;refused; "permanent adversarial culture."

According Zinn, The advanced __________ countries of Europe were fighting over boundaries, colonies, spheres of influence; they were competing for ______________.

capitalist; Alsace-Lorraine, the Balkans, Africa, the Middle East

Over several years Food Lion ___________ its employees of at least __________by forcing them to work _________ but in a court settlement the company paid back only ___________.

cheated; $200 million; "off the clock,"; $13 million

In the 1940s and 1950s government witch-hunting purged the labor movement of

communists. The Reds were among the most effective and dedicated organizers.

public support of labor unions

continues to be strong by substantial majorities of almost two to one

The U.S. government also runs a Foreign Military Financing Program, which gives billions of dollars a year to other countries to purchase weaponry from U.S. firms. The U.S. taxpayers fully subsidize these sales while the profits go to the___________.

corporate arms dealers.

Presidents have relied heavily on the judgments of ________ leaders, drawing their top advisors primarily from ____________.

corporate; industry and banking

According to the author, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978

created a secret court that reaches court decisions in complete secrecy.

In 1982, a massive grassroots movement for a bilateral, verifiable freeze on nuclear weapons swept the country, yet the lawmakers continued to vote for major escalations in nuclear weaponry. In 2000, over 80 percent of the U.S. public favored a ban on nuclear weapons testing, yet the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty was _____________ in the Senate by a ________ vote; all ______ were ________ senators.

defeated; 51 to 48; 51; Republican

A strong labor movement correlates not only with prosperity but with _________.

democracy

If ______ were to be given any meaning, if it were to go beyond the limits of _____ and _____, this would not come -- if history were any guide -- from the ____. It would come through citizens'' movements, educating, organizing, agitating, striking, boycotting, demonstrating, threatening those in power with disruption of the stability they needed.

democracy;capitalism;nationalism;top

Along with _______ the ____ sector, corporate America advocates ____ the ____ sector by selling off to ____ investors the nation's ____ schools, hospitals, housing, postal services, transit systems, and municipal water systems. ____ constantly feeds off ____ by extracting subsidies, grants, loan guarantees, bailouts from the public treasury, a ____ for the rich. Over ___ states in the United States have enacted legislation allowing private corporations, including investment firms like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and the Carlyle Group, to buy or lease public highway and transportation infrastructure from which they will pocket billions of dollars in toll collections.

deregulating;private;privatizing;public;private;public;Capitalism;socialism;socialism;twenty This had two same answers, choose the first one

According to Parenti, corporate media owners

do not hesitate to kill stories they dislike and in other ways inject their own preferences into the news.

The U.S. military has a nuclear overkill capacity of more than _________ long-range missiles and ___________tactical ones, along with ground and air forces ready to strike anywhere and a fleet __________ in total tonnage and firepower than all the other navies of the world combined.

eight thousand: twenty-two thousand; larger

After eleven Wal-Mart meat cutters in Texas voted for a union, the company

eliminated meat cutting in all its stores and turned to prepackaged meat.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: To be sure, like everyone else, ____ sometimes make mistakes and suffer confusion about tactics. But if they are not omniscient and infallible, neither are they in a state of chronic confusion. If they do not always calculate correctly in the pursuit of their class interests, they do so often and successfully enough. And they are keenly aware that they do have class interests.

elites

The Treasury Department estimates that mortgage frauds-with more than _________cases reported each month in 2009-costs the public anywhere from __________ a year.

five thousand ; $15 billion to $25 billion

With the ____ or ____ hundred billion dollars gained each year by ___ taxation and ___, there would be funds available to pay for a ____ health-care system funded by the government as ____ is administered, as the health-care system in ____ is handled, without the profit-taking by insurance companies.

four;five;progressive;demilitarization;universal;Medicare;Canada

The emphasis in foreign economic policy was presumably based on "_____" agreements, most notably those signed with Canada and Mexico. Democrats and Republicans, enthusiastically supported by corporate interests, joined to pass the__________ (NAFTA), which ______ signed. _____ opposed it, because it meant _____ would be free to move across borders to find workers who would work at lower wages, under poor conditions.

free trade North American Free Trade Agreement;Clinton;Labor unions;businesses

The slogan "_____" became an important objective for the ____ administration, and, with the support of ________ as well as _____, Congress enacted the ________________(NAFTA) with ______. This ____ obstacles for corporate capital and goods to move freely back and forth across the ________-United States border.

free trade;Clinton;Republicans;Democrats;North American Free Trade Agreement;Mexico;removed;Mexican

The claim of the United States to support "___" was hardly to be believed, since U.S. policy was to interfere with trade when this did not serve the "______ interest," which was a euphemism for ____ interest. Thus, it went to lengths to prevent tomato growers in ______ from entering the _____ market.

free trade;national;corporate;Mexico;U.S.

In an even more flagrant violation of the principle of ____ trade, the United States would not allow shipments of food or medicine to ____ or to ____. In ____, on the television program 60 Minutes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations _____ was asked about the report that "a half million children have died as a result of sanctions against ____.... That is more children than died in Hiroshima.... Is the price worth it?" ____ replied: "I think this is a very hard choice, but the price, we think the price is worth it."

free;Iraq;Cuba;1996;Madeleine Albright;Iraq;Albright

Columbia/HCA, a for-profit hospital chain, pleaded guilty in 2009 to _________charges of _________ state and federal health plans, and paid _________ in fines.

grand felony; overbilling; $1.7 billion

IMF imposes a "structural adjustment program" (SAP), requiring debtor countries to do what?

grant tax breaks to the transnational corporations, reduce wages, and make no attempt to protect local enterprises from foreign imports and foreign takeovers.

International free-trade agreements like GATT, NAFTA, and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) have

hastened the corporate acquisition of local markets, squeezing out smaller businesses and worker collectives.

The 1996 Telecommunications Act

helped media corporations increase their control over national public airwaves

It was the classical ______ situation, where the places with natural wealth became victims of more powerful nations whose power came from that seized wealth. American corporations depended on the poorer countries for ____ percent of their diamonds, coffee, platinum, mercury, natural rubber, and cobalt. They got ____ percent of their manganese from abroad, ____ percent of their chrome and aluminum. And ____ percent of certain imports (platinum, mercury, cobalt, chrome, manganese) came from ____.

imperial;100;98;90;20 to 40;Africa

Congress has no exact idea how much it allocates for intelligence operations because specific funds are hidden in other budget items-which means that it is

in violation of Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution, which declares that no funds shall be drawn from the treasury except by lawful and publicly accounted appropriation.

The _____________ talked of prosperity as if it were _____, as if everyone gained from ____. True, the war meant more production, more employment, but did the _____ in the steel plants gain as much as U.S. Steel, which made _____ in profit in ___ alone?

industrialists and the political leaders; classless; Morgan's loans; workers; $348 million;1916

Instead of giving our contracts for_______and _____, contracts could be offered to ______ corporations to hire people to build homes, construct public transport systems, clean up the rivers and lakes, turn our cities into decent places to live.

jet bombers;nuclear submarines;nonprofit

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: That will happen, I think, only when all of us who are slightly privileged and slightly uneasy begin to see that we are like the guards in the prison uprising at Attica - expendable; the Establishment, whatever rewards it gives us, will also, if necessaryto maintain its contril ....... What will happen to these guardians of the capitalist Establisment?

kill us

Department of Labor statistics on "labor racketeering" reveal that most of the fines are imposed not on ________ but on ___________ that defraud unions. More often than not, the ______ are the victims not the criminals.

labor leaders; businesses; unions

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Most government policies favor ______ at a substantial cost to the rest of the ______.

large-investor interests; populace

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: The state is also the place where ____ and _____ _____ factions struggle over how best to keep the system afloat. The more _____ and _____ elements argue that those at the top of the social pyramid should give a little in order to keep a lot. If ______ goals are too successful, if wages and buying power are cut back too far and production _____ too much, then the contradictions of the free market intensify. Profits may be maintained and even increased for a time through various financial contrivances, but overcapacity and overproduction lead to economic recession, unemployment grows, markets shrink, discontent deepens, and small and not so small businesses perish. The ____ system begins to devour itself.

liberal; conservative; ruling-class; liberal; centrist; conservative; increased; capitalist

The _____ in the government were themselves acting to exclude, persecute, fire, and even imprison Communists. It was just that ____ had gone too far, attacking not only ____ but ____, endangering that broad liberal-conservative coalition which was considered essential. For instance, ______, as Senate minority leader, worked not only to pass the censure resolution on ___ but also to keep it within the narrow bounds of "conduct . .. unbecoming a Member of the United States Senate" rather than questioning ____'s anti-Communism.

liberals; McCarthy; Communists; liberals; Lyndon Johnson; McCarthy; McCarthy

The emphasis in foreign economic policy was on "the ____ economy" and "_____." This forced the people of former Soviet-bloc countries to fend for themselves in a supposedly "free" economy without the social benefits that they had received under the admittedly inefficient and oppressive former regimes. ________ turned out to be disastrous for the people in the Soviet Union, who saw huge fortunes accumulated by a few and deprivation for the masses.

market;privatization;Unregulated market capitalism

A reduction of the ______ budget would require a renunciation of ___, a withdrawal of military bases from around the world, an acceptance, finally, of the principle enunciated in the UN Charter that the world should renounce "the scourge of war." It would speak to the fundamental human desire (overwhelmed too often by barrages of ______ slogans) to live at peace with others.

military;war;superpatriotic

According to Parenti, money is a necessary condition in American political elections because

money is the lifeblood of present-day electoral campaigns

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: With term limits , the elected position is seen more than ever as a temporary position. Legislators are sometimes inclined to depart even before their terms are finished in order to take an appointive post or run for some other office. "They don't have much experience; all they have are political futures. Donors are more important than constituents," a public-interest advocate said of the term-limited California lower house. Term limits create a perpetually freshman and sophomore legislature that is "__________," said another.

more amateurish, much more juvenile and much less informed

Countries in which labor is well-organized enjoy

more human rights than countries where unions are nonexistent.

The 1996 Telecommunications Act heavily lobbyed by the broadcast industry allowed

most of the nation's thousands of radio stations to be bought up by large conglomerates, the biggest being the right-wing Clear Channel

"free trade" agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) are

one way to elevate the giant transnationals above the sovereign power of democratic constituencies is through

If the government itself made direct loans to college students, it would cost only ________as much--but would mean no profits for the banks and private loan companies. "The White House estimates that it could save about ________________ if it cut out all the middlemen..."

one-fifth ; $94 billion over 10 years

According to the author, If the government itself made direct loans to college students, it would cost only _____ as much-but that would mean no profits for the banks and private loan companies. "The White House estimates that it could save about $____billion over ___ years if it cut out all the middlemen. And it has the basis of a system in place, since the Department of Education already makes a lot of direct loans to students."

one-fifth; 94 ; 10

CIA operatives _________ in the multibillion-dollar savings and loan swindles. Monies gained from such deals, along with drug money laundered through various banks and other financial institutions, were____________________

participated; illegally used to finance CIA covert activities.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: The ___ tends to be more powerful than _____ when it assumes a ____ stance and less powerful when he wants to push in a ____ direction. This reflects the society's wider distribution of politico-economic resources of power already discussed in this book. Like any political officeholder, the president is more likely to enjoy a successful use of power when he moves on a path charted by ____ interests. The Congress itself sometimes collaborates in the ______ of its own power, granting various presidents, and a widening list of executive agencies, confidential funds for which no detailed invoices are required.

presidency; Congress; conservative; progressive; powerful; usurpation

In addition, a truly ______ income tax -- going back to the post-World War II levels of ________ percent on very high incomes -- could yield another ____ a year. ____ did raise taxes on the super-rich, by a few percentages points, change the top rate from ___ percent to ___ percent, and corporate taxes form ____ percent to ___ percent. But this was a pitifully small step in view of the need.

progressive;70 - 90;$100 billion;Clinton;31;37;34;35

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: The framers of the Constitution assumed that the Electoral College, as it became known, would generally consist of ______________ who would meet months after the election to deliberate and select a president, acting as a damper on popular passions and misjudgments.

propertied and educated gentlemen

The political voting system that provides a party with legislative seats roughly in accordance with the percntage of votes it wins is called

proportional representation

Under these electoral rules legislative seats are allotted to parties based on their percentages of the vote, multiparty systems flourish. Parties receiving less than a plurality receive some representation in the legislature. This electoral system is called

proportional representation

The most popular voting system in the world is

proportional representation system

Union strength correlates with __________ rather than with ___________. In states where unions have been traditionally _____ (for example, Alabama, South Carolina, and Mississippi), the standard of living has been _______ than in states where labor has a ________ organized presence.

prosperity; poverty and recession; weak; lower; stronger

When the New Deal was over, capitalism ___. The __ still controlled the nation's wealth, as well as its laws, courts, police, newspapers, churches, colleges. Enough help bad been given to enough people to make Roosevelt a hero to millions, but the same system that had brought depression and crisis-the system of waste, of inequality, of concern for profit over human need __.

remained intact; rich; remained

In Supreme Court's ideological bias is reflected not only in decisions it hands down but the cases it selects or refuses to review. During the last two decades of conservative domination, review access has been ________________________

sharply curtailed for plaintiffs representing labor, minorities, consumers, and individual rights.

According to the author, rents have ____incomes in many parts of the country, further _____the supply of affordable housing. Millions of Americans not classified as homeless double up, or pay more than they can comfortably afford for cramped, substandard quarters. Tens of thousands of _____ Americans have been _______from public housing for minor offenses that may have occurred years ago, or for merely being arrested, though not convicted of anything.

soared far above; shrinking; low-income; excluded

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Given the following policy solution measures: Agriculture and Ecology. Economic Reform. Electoral System. Employment Conditions. Fiscal Policy. Gender, Racial, and Criminal Justice. Health Care and Safety. Labor Law. Military Spending. National Security State. News Media. Social Security and Taxation. Transportation and Infrastructure. None of the measures listed above will prevail unless the structural problems of capitalism are themselves resolved. What is needed then is public ownership of the major means of production and public ownership of the moneyed power itself-in other words, some measure of _____.

socialism

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Government involvement in the U.S. economy represents not _______ (as that term is normally understood by ____) but state-supported _____, not the communization of _____ wealth but the privatization of the commonwealth. This development has brought a great deal of government involvement, but of a kind that revolves largely around bolstering the ___ system, not limiting or replacing it.

socialism; socialists; capitalism; private; profit

But the New Deal's organization of the economy was aimed mainly at _______ the economy, and secondly at giving enough help to the ____ classes to keep them from turning a rebellion into a real revolution.

stabilizing; lower

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: As one participant, Rep. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), described how the GOP secretly passed legislation without the public being aware of it:: "Always in the middle of the night. Always after the press had passed their deadlines. Always after the American people had turned off the news and gone to bed.... What did the public miss? They didn't see the House votes, which normally take no more than 20 minutes, dragging on for as long as an hour as members of the Republican leadership trolled for enough votes to cobble together a majority ... coercing enough Republican members into switching their votes to produce the desired result. In other words, they didn't see the __________."

subversion of democracy.

In San Diego, who financed a cryptofascist outfit called the Secret Army Organization, whose operations ranged from burglary and arson to kidnapping and attempted murder?

the FBI

In the 1970s a paramilitary "peacekeeping" force under whose direction carried out a terrorist campaign on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation that was directly responsible for hundreds of assaults and for the deaths of more than sixty supporters of the American Indian Movement?

the FBI

In the first Battle of __________, the __________succeeded in blocking the _______ advance on ____. Each side had ___________casualties.

the Marne; British and French ; German; 500,000 ; Paris

Truman and the liberals in Congress proceeded to try to create a new national unity for the postwar years-with what?

the executive order on loyalty oaths, Justice Department prosecutions, and anti-Communist legislation.

"War is the health of the state,"______________said, in the midst of the First World War. Indeed, as the nations of Europe went to war in 1914, the governments flourished, patriotism bloomed, class struggle was stilled, and young men died in frightful numbers on the battlefields-often for a hundred yards of land, a line of trenches.

the radical writer Randolph Bourne

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: However, the unexpected victories-even temporary ones-of insurgents show the vulnerability of the supposedly powerful. In a highly developed society, the Establishment cannot survive without the obedience and loyalty of millions of people who are given small rewards to keep the system going:... Who are these people?

the soldiers and police, teachers and ministers, administrators and social workers, technicians and production workers, doctors, lawyers, nurses, transport and communications workers, garbage men and firemen -the employed, the somewhat privileged

Under Article 2, Section 1 of the Constitution, presidents are not elected by the people but by a majority of "electors," appointed in such manner as the various state legislatures might direct. The number of electors allotted to each state is equal to ___________

the total number of its seats in the House of Representatives plus two senators.

According to the author, persons from relatively modest economic background such as Presidents Lyndon Johnson, Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, and Bill Clinton rise to the top by showing themselves to be faithful guardians of

the upper circles. The question then is not only who governs, but whose interests and whose agenda are served by who governs, who benefits and who does not.

The coming of World War II weakened the old labor militancy of the ____ because the war economy created millions of new jobs at higher wages. The New Deal had succeeded only in reducing unemployment from __ million to __ million. It was the war that put almost everyone to work, and the war did something else: patriotism, the push for unity of all classes against enemies overseas, made it harder to mobilize anger against the corporations. During the war, the __ and __ pledged to call no strikes.

thirties; 13; 9; CIO; AFL

The black militant mood, flashing here and there in the ____, was reduced to a subsurface simmering during World War II, when the nation on the one hand denounced racism, and on the other hand maintained segregation in the armed forces and kept blacks in low-paying jobs. When the war ended, a new element entered the racial balance in the United States-the enormous, unprecedented upsurge of black and yellow people in _______. President ____ had to reckon with this, especially as the cold war rivalry with the Soviet Union began, and the dark-skinned revolt of former colonies all over the world threatened to take Marxist form. Action on the race question was needed, not just to calm a black population at home emboldened by war promises, frustrated by the basic sameness of their condition, It was needed to present to the world a United States that could counter the continuous Communist thrust at the most flagrant failure of American society-the race question. What ___had said long ago, unnoticed, now loomed large in ___: "The problem of the 20th century is the problem of the color line."

thirties; Harry Truman; Africa and Asia; Du Bois ; 1945

Over the last half century, U.S. leaders deployed _________ of nuclear weapons and ______________ of military personnel to over ________ major bases and hundreds of minor installations spanning the globe.

thousands; hundreds of thousands; 350

For _______ years the battle lines remained virtually stationary in France. Each side would push forward, then back, then forward again- for a few yards, a few miles, while the corpses piled up. In _____ the _____ tried to break through at Verdun; the _____ and _____ counterattacked along the Seine, moved forward a few miles, and lost ____ men. One day, the 9th Battalion of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry launched an attack- with _____men. Twenty-four hours later, there were ______ left.

three; 1916; Germans; British; French; 600,000; 800; 84

U.S. wages compare unfavorably

to better-unionized nations such as Canada and Western Europe.

Through most of U.S. history, the federal government has been friendly

to business and hostile to labor.

According to Parenti, the entertainment media

undergo a rigorous political censorship

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: But most histories _______ revolt, __________ statesmanship, and thus encourage impotency among citizens. When we look closely at resistance movements, or even at isolated forms of rebellion, we discover that class consciousness, or any other awareness of injustice, has multiple levels. It has many ways of expression, many ways of revealing itself - open, subtle, direct, distorted. In a system of __________ and ____, people do not show how much they know, how deeply they feel, until their practical sense informs them they can do so without being _____.

understate; overemphasize; intimidation; control; destroyed

The Diem regime became increasingly ______. Diem was a Catholic, and most Vietnamese were Buddhists; Diem was close to the ______, and this was a country of ______. His pretenses at land reform left things basically as they were. He replaced locally selected provincial chiefs with his own men, appointed in Saigon; by ____, ____of these provincial chiefs were military men. Diem imprisoned more and more Vietnamese who criticized the regime for corruption, for lack of reform.

unpopular; landlords; peasants; 1962; 88 percent

The left had become very influential in the hard times of the thirties, and during the war against Fascism. The actual membership of the Communist party was not large-fewer than 100,000 probably-but it was a potent force in trade unions numbering millions of members, in the arts, and among countless Americans who may have been led by the failure of the capitalist system in the thirties to look favorably on Communism and Socialism. Thus, if the Establishment, after World War II, was to make capitalism more secure in the country, and to build a consensus of support for the American Empire, it had to______.

weaken and isolate the left

According to the author, meanwhile the government gives significantly more financial aid to the _______ universities than to _____ community colleges and evening schools.

wealthiest private; needy

Military contractors generally enjoy what are called cost plus contracts. They get paid ___________ to do the job plus a guaranteed _______. There are ________ for failure. Hence the more _______ the performance, the costlier is the job and the bigger the profit. There is a ________ to get the job done efficiently and economically when _____ is built into the system.

whatever it costs; profit; no penalties; wasteful; disincentive; waste

To __ Americans of the thirties, however, North and South, ___ were invisible. Only the radicals made an attempt to break the racial barriers: ___most of all. The __, influenced by the ___, was organizing ___ in the mass production industries.

white; blacks; Socialists, Trotskyists, Communists; CIO; Communists; blacks

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Long and hard democratic struggles have ___ some real benefits for the ___, yet _____ and social ___ of immense proportions continue and even worsen

Political Science 102 Final

Related study sets

chapter 12-15

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