Political Science Test 3
an interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of a. a single issue group b. a professional group c. a philosophical interest group d, a business group e. an ideological group
a
citizens in which of the following countries are most likely to engage in political activities such as countering for political campaigns a. US b. great britian c. germany d. france e. there is no difference among the four nation
a
in comparison with today's newspapers, early american newspapers a. could not have survived without political party support b. were so inexpensive that nearly everyone read a daily paper c. were written by hand d. were more widely read e. all of these
a
in the recent elections, which voting demographic has become more cohesive voting block and has sided heavily with the democratic party, seeing it as more closely aligned with their interest a. hispanics b. african americans c. seniors d. the affluent e. the middle class
a
one's sense of civic duty and sense of apathy are attitudes that are usually acquired from ones a. parents b. experience with voting c. community d. economic status e. education
a
the media perform the signaling role by a. serving as an open channel for leads to express their opinions b. informing the public of breaking events and new developments c. exposing officials who violate accepted performance and moral standard e. all of these answers
b
outside lobbying does not include a. developing and maintaining close contacts with policymakers b. targeting group resources on key election races c. the use of campaign contributions to legislators who favor the interest group d. rousing citizens to contact their elected officials and express their support e. cultivating favorable coverage from the news media
a
partisan talk radio got its start a. after the abolition of the fairness doctrine b. after cable television led the way c. on the day of Rush Limbaugh's first broadcast d. in the early 1990s after the election of Democrat Bill Clinton e. during the late 1930s
a
the FCC's equal time requirement a. prohibited broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates while denying it to their opponents b. included the print media c. required broadcasters to give equal time to the two major political parties d. required broadcasters to give equal time to the news programming and to commercial advertising e. required broadcasters to give equal time to third parties as well as the democrats and republicans
a
the air we breathe is an example of a. collective good b. material good c. mass-produced good d. private good e. negative externality
a
the bcc restriction requiring broadcasters to "afford reasonable opportunity for the discussion of conflicting views of public importance" was known as the a. fairness doctrine b. objective-reporting model c. equal time rule d. signaling function e. common-carrier function
a
the democratic party's long time regional stronghold "the solid south" stemmed from a realignment during which historical period a. 1980 b. civil war era c. great depression d. 1890s e. non of these
a
the frequency of elections in the US reduces voter turnout by a, increasing the personal effort needed to participate in all elections b. discouraging local politicians from playing an active role in presidential elections c. focusing too much attention on state and local elections d. creating more complex registration requirements e. increasing the amount of taxes paid at the polls
a
the history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of a. political parties b. the separation of powers c. economic recessions d. higher voter turnout e. protest movements
a
the situation in which the individuals are temped not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits if they do not participate is called the a. free-rider problem b. size factor c. zero-sum game d. special-itnrest paradox e. disincentive factor
a
the theory that society's interests are most effectively represented through group action a. pluralist theory b. elitist theory c. interest group liberalism d. republicanism e. constitutionalism
a
the watergate scandal illustrates the a. power of the media to serve as a watchdog to safeguard against abuse of power b. futility of media attempts to forecast political events c. abuse of power by journalists in the US d. inadequacy of the media as a common carrier to the public e. the ability of the press to serve as the public's presentative in political disputes
a
the yellow journalism of the late nineteenth century was characterized by a. the emphasis of sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers b. an unwillingness to take editorial positions because of a fear of losing circulation c. the desire to present the news in an objective manner d. its appearance sole in weekly and monthly magazines e. prejudice against again people and countries
a
what party has made big gains in recent decades amount white evangelical christians based on its position on topics like abortion and school prayer a. republican b. socialist c. democratic d. green e. reform
a
____ representation systems are those in which seats in the legislature are allocated according to each political party's share of the popular vote a. populist b. proportional c. plurality d. democratic e. minority
b
african american men technically gained suffrage with the passage of the a. twenty-first b. fifteenth c. nineteenth d. twenty-sixth e. twenty-third
b
agency capture occurs when a. a regulatory agency must be dismantled because it has become corrupted b. regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public c. the executive brand takes back control of a regulatory agency d. a regulatory agency funnels money back into the lobbying organizations that are seeking policy changes e. and election results in the replacement of an agency's leadership through appointive position under a new president
b
citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that a. they always pursue goals in which there is a high level of agreement among society members b. their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals c. they do not lobby government officials directly but rely instead on public service announcements to get their views across to society d. their leaders are elected by secret ballot amount the group's members e. all of these
b
democrats and republicans have endured as the two major US parties primarily due to a. the lack of good third party candidates b. their ability to adapt to changing circumstances c. the stability of their ideologies d. a high degree of party discipline e. none of these
b
during the ear of objective journalism, the commitment of newspapers to two-sided news reporting a. was enshrined in the editorial section b. did not extend to their editorializing c. deteriorated democracy in the US d. was uniform throughout the sections of a newspaper e. all of these
b
eighteen, nineteen, and twenty year old americans were granted the right to vote by the passage of the ____ amendment a. fifteenth b. twenty sixth c. twenty first d. twenty third e. nineteent
b
in the US the primary responsibility for registration of the individual voter rest with the a. employer b. individual c. federal government d. state and local government e. local courts
b
negative campaigning in presidential elections are first used in a. the 1960s b. the early years of the country c. the depression years d. the 1860 election e. Andres Jackson's campaigns for the presidency
b
one consequence of today's high-choice media system is a. a narrowing in the information divide b. a widening in the partisan divide c. that individuals are more informed d. that individual choice is actually more limited e. non
b
one of the reasons voter turnout is lower in the US than in western european countries that a. the US population is not well education b. US registration laws place a greater burden on the individual c. eupeans must pay a huge fine if they fail to vote d. americans pay less attention to politics e. non
b
political parties in the US originated partly as a political feud between a. adams and jackson b. hamilton and jefferson c. marshall and adams d, cleveland and bryan e. lincoln and douglas
b
some groups pursue collective goods a collective good is one that a. is secured by Congress b. can't be selectively granted or denied to individuals; it must be shared c. is secured by the president d. is provided by a public service organization e, non
b
the citizens of _____ are most actively involved in interest groups and community causes a. italy b. US c. france d. great britain e. germany
b
the federal communications commission has regulatory oversight over which of the following a. newspapers b. broadcast radio c. internet content d. magazines e. all of these
b
the first american political parties emerged from the conflict between a. protestants and catholics b. small farmers and states' rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and weal thing interests c. business and labor d. slave states and free states e. the older eastern states and the newer western states
b
the most fully organized interest are those that have which of the following as their primary purpose a. civil liberties b. economic activity c. reform of government d. environmental protection e. labor reform
b
the most numerous economic groups are a. labor groups b. business groups c, occupation groups d. farm groups e. profession groups
b
the winner take all system is also known as the ____ system a. minority b. plurality c, proportional d. majority e. democratic
b
theordor lows theory of itnrest group liberalism a. posits that interest groups result in an efficient use of society's resources b. deals with the tendency of officials to support the police demands of the interest group or groups that have special stake in a policy c. argues that lawmakers are rightly prevented from using government to promote group interests d. constitutes a partial and wrongful abdication by government of its authority over policy e. describes the effect of groups on policy resulting in a system of rule by majorities
b
voter registration in the US a. was introduces as a means of keeping white males without property from voting b. began as a way of preventing voters from capstan more than one ballot on election day c. has vastly increased voter turnout d. is the responsibility of the government which adds legally qualified individuals automatically to the registration rolls e. applies to voting in general elections but not in primary elections
b
which of the following was not part of the 2016 republican party platform a. lower taxes b. cuts in military spending c. strengthening the armed forces d. cuts in overall government spending e. stimulating the business sector
b
women gained the right to vote a. during the era of Jacksonian democracy b. early in the twentieth century c. with passage of the voting rights act of 1965 d. with the passage of the bill of rights e. shortly after the civil war
b
Literacy tests were used to a. ensure that women voted with their husbands who legally controlled the money in a marriage b. help subsidize public education in the north c. disenfranchise african americans in the south d. ensured that the people who voted would take the vote seriously e. finance election campaigns
c
____ lost the 1964 presidential election in a landslide because his views were seen as too extreme a. george mcgovern b. richard nixon c. barry godlwater d. james weaver e. jimmy carter
c
______ warned Americans of the baneful effects of fractions in this 1797 farewell address a. james madison b. abraham lincoln c. george washington d. andrew jackson e. thomas jefferson
c
american party organizations a. are about to die out b. are unimportant in the political system today c. are still important but their role in campaigns is secondary to that of candidates d. have more power than their western european counterparts e. are more powerful today than at any time in history
c
an amiscus breit a. is written document in which interest groups lays out its policy preference for targeted lawmakers b. prevents PACs from donating more then 5,000 to single candidate during a primary election c. is a written document in which a group explains to a court is position on a legal dispute the court is handling d. prevents a lobbyist group from making campaign donations to policy makers over a specific issue e. provides evidence for prosecutors of an illegal monetary relationship between a lawmaker and an interest group of PAC
c
andrew jackson's contribution to the development of political parties was the a. formation of the federalist party b. introduction of primary election s c. formation of new type of grassroots party organizations d. forging of a coalition of democrats and whigs e. formation of republican party
c
as distinct from alienation apathy is a. widespread among affluent americans b. associated with a high rate of voter turnout c. a general lack of interest in politics d. a sign that the political system is working properly e. a feeling of powerlessness
c
economist manicure olson refers to what aspect of interest groups as the size factor a. the interests groups with large memberships would typically prevail over the interest of smaller groups b. larger interest groups are bale to draw on greater financial resources which makes them more capapcble of getting the ear of lawmakers and thus achieving policy change c. small groups are ordinarily more united on policy issues and often have more resources, enabling them to win out more often than large groups d. the smaller the interest group, the more likely that its motivation issue will be subsumed by the agenda of a larger interest group e. small interest groups can often enhance their bargaining power by linking htemselve to the agenda of a larger interest group that has greater resources
c
grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to a. the opportunity for extensive media publicity b. the efforts of party organization c. pressure from constituents d. moral pleas e. well-reasoned policy arguments
c
in the twenty-first century voting rates in the US have a. declined in all elections b. demonstrated that the apathy of young citizens has worsened considerably since the early 1990s c. remained lower in nearly every other democracy d. increased in all election s e. shown little difference from those of the late twentieth century
c
objective journalism is based on the idea that the reporter's job is to a. scrutinize the partisan debate, and inform the news audience about which party has the better argument b. discover what other reporters are saying and provide a uniform interpretation of events c. report the facts and cover alternative sides of partisan debate d. report what political leaders want them to report e. all of these
c
the main reason for the high cost of american political campaigns is the cost of a. complying with federal election commission rules b. actually raising campaign funds c. paying for media ads d. paying for campaign managers e. paying pollsters
c
the most obvious sign of the party realignment of recent decades has been the strong tendency of a. colorado to not democratic b. the midwest to vote democratic c. the south to vote republican d. the plains states to vote republican e. the west coast to vote democratic
c
the purposive incentive is defined as a. a goal benefiting a specific group b. corporate profit c. the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose d. any purpose that brings groups together e. a goal direct economic gain
c
the reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is a. of the high level of illiteracy b. that the print media wish to emulate the broadcast media c. that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive d. of the need to compete with Hollywood production e. none of thses
c
what was especially unique about the era of good feeling a. political parties were banned b. the president and vp were from competing parties c. president monroe ran unopposed in 1820 d. federalist won the election of 1820 e. jefferson's fraction adopted the label republican
c
which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of the US parties a. the emergence of pacs b. voter registration c. the direct primary d. the national convention e. jacksonian democracy
c
which of the following was not part of the 2016 democratic party platform a. promoting clean energy b. protecting the medicare program c. privatizing social security d. raising taxes on the wealthy d. expanding educational opportunities
c
PACs ten to contribute the most money to a. independents b. challengers c. liberal democrats d. incumbents e, liberal republicans
d
____ elections tend to draw the largest percentage of voters in the US a. Gubernatorial b. primary c. mayoral d. presidential e. congressional
d
all of the following are characteristics of party realignment except a. the emergence of unusually powerful and divisive issue b. an enduring change in the parties' policies c. an enduring change in the parties' coalitions d. a very close electoral result e. an election in which voters shift their partisan suppsort
d
an informal grouping of officials lobbyists and policy specialists who come together temporarily around a policy problem is a. an ideological network b. an iron triangle c. a policy system d. an issue network e. a caucus
d
as sustained action taken by citizens disenchanted with government in order to express their opposition and work to bring about the change they seek is a a. citizen lobby b. voter upsurge c. regular election d. social movement e. popular resistance
d
compared with US citizens of higher incomes those of lower incomes are a. much more likely to vote in election s b. about equally likely to vote in elections c. much less likely to vote in elections-a pattern that is also true in european democracies d. much less likely to vote in elections e, none of these
d
during the twentieth century american parties lost their exclusive control over a, the staffing of government jobs b. nominations c. platforms d. all of these e. financing
d
how has the internet affected the watchdog role of the media a. it has tainted the watchdog role with a partisan bent b. it has diluted the watchdog capacity with an overflow of opinions c. it has had little to no effect because it lacks the objective standards of traditional media outlets d. it has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media e. it has almost completely ursupred the watchdog role from the tradition media outlet
d
in the US a. most states automatically register a person to vote when her or she acquires a driver's license b. voter registration periods and location stand to be highly publicized but registration requirements prevent many from taking advantage of them c. states with easier registration laws have shown no higher turnout rates than states with restrictive registration requirements d. voter registration requirements have usually been set by the states e. the federal government prevents sates from restricting registrations based on the amount of time a person has resided in that sate
d
most lobbyists receive support from elected officials in direct exchange for a. money b. coercion c. bribery d. information e.deception
d
national party organization can dictate the day to day decision of a, state party organizations only b. local party organizations only c. party leaders in congress d. neither local nor state party organizations e. local and state party organizations
d
organizationaly the US major parties are a. centralized and strong b. decentralized and strong c. no longer in operation d. decentralized and fragmented e. centralized and week
d
the new media's common-carrier role is based on the idea that a. various news organizations should interpret the news in nearly the same way b. the press should not charge for public service announcements c. the news will be available to all citizens d. the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public e. the press should be patriotic in the reporting of the news
d
voter identification cards find the most support among a. poorer citizens b. libertarians c. democrats d. republicans e. liberals
d
which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press a. the federal bureaucracy b. US supreme court c. US house of representative d. the presidency e. US Senate
d
which of the following groups is most closely aligned with democratic party voting about 90 percent of Democratic in presidential elections a. christian fundamentalists b. roman catholics c. hispanic americans d. african americans e. white pretestants
d
which of the following is an accurate representation of the public's opinion about leaders and their accountability a. most citizens have high opinion of both congress as a whole and their local representative in congress b. most citizens have a low opinion of congress as a whole and also their local representative in congress c. most citizens have ea high opinion of congress as a while but say they have little confidence in their local presentative in congress d. most citizens have a low opinion of congress as a whole but say they have confidence in their local representative in congress e. most citizens do not feel that their local representatives in congress would be held accountable for the votes they have to make in order to stay in lien with their party's platform
d
which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty a. split-ticket voting b. the influence of short-term issues and candidates c. a focus on candidate charisms and personal style d. straight ticket voting e. an increase independent voters
d
yellow journalism contributed most notably to public support for the a. mexican war of 1848 b. war of 1812 c. civil war d. spanish-american war e. american revolution
d
a basic reason for the existence of so many interest groups in the US is a. the separation of powers in the American government b. the extent of diverse interest in american society c. america's federal system of government d. the american tradition of free association e. all of these
e
economic groups have an advantage over noneconomic groups because a. they have better leadership b. their members are committed to their causes c. they are organized primary for political purposes d. they nearly always have larger memberships e. they have greater access to financial resources
e
in terms of news consumption since the 1980s young adults a. have remained on par with older adults in terms of news consumption b. have been more informed than older ones c. have experienced a rise in news consumption because of cable news channels d. have experienced a rise in news consumption because of the internet e. have been less informed than older ones
e
in the 1830s the frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville wrote that the principle of ____ was nowhere more evident than in america a. statesmanship b. hardware c. separation of church and state d. citizenship e. association
e
most broadcast news journalists a. lean republican b. have no political vies c, are strong democrats d. are strong republicans d. lean democractic
e
since the 1960s, the level of turnout in presidential elections has averaged about ____ percent a. 75 b. 35 c. 45 d. 65 e. 60
e
the citizens of ____ are most likely to participate as campaign volunteers during an election a. france b. germany c. the Netherlands d. great Britain e. US
e
the citizens united f. federal election commission ruling held that super PAC spending a. must be no more than 5,000 per federal candidate per election b. must go directly to election campaigns c. must be prapproved by the federal election commission d. must be coordinated with election campaigns e. must not be coordinated with election campaigns
e
the dominant labor interest group is a. the teamster union b. united auto workers c. international brotherhood of electrical workers d. the communication workers of america e. the AFL-CIO
e
the influence of interest groups throughout the courts occurs through a. initiating lawsuits b. lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench c. pacs d. outside lobbying only e. both initiation lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench
e
the major reason for the persistence of the american two-party system is a. regional conflict b. that there ar naturally only two sides to political disputes c. the existence of state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot d. proportional representation e. the existence of single member election districts
e
the news provides a refracted version of reality because it a. is biased in favor of liberal perspective b. is biased in favor of republican viewpoint c. is biased in favor of conservative perspective d. is biased in favor of democratic viewpoint e. emphasizes dramatic and compelling news stories
e
the term framing is used to describe the a. nature of media reporting when objectivity has weekend and the system has titled in favor of yellow journalism b. media's obligation to convey a uniform and standard interpretation of a situation c. media's ability to influence what is on people's minds d. primary right of the media that is protected by the first amendment e. process of selecting certain aspects of reality and then crafting news stories around those aspects
e
voter turnout is lowest in which age group a. middle aged adults b. voter turnout is essentially the same for all age groups c. older adults d. senior citizens e. young adults
e
which of the following are key players in the modern campaign a. media consultants b. polsters c. campaign consultants d. fundraising specialists e. all of theses
e
