political science test 3b

Iron Triangle

-consists of a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who seek to develop policies beneficial to a particular interest.

The effort of the writers of the Constitution to devise a governing system that would guard against tyranny of the majority resulted in which consequence?

America's system of divided power provides abundant opportunities for interest groups to achieve their policy goals

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered? (Choose every correct answer.)

Candidates organize their own campaigns. The same parties are represented nationwide

Support for poverty programs is highest among which two religious denominations?

Jews and Catholics

blue states

Northeast. West Coast

Adolph Ochs, the architect of objective journalism, had taken ownership of which newspaper?

The New York Times

When a realignment in the electorate occurs, which of the following happens?

The parties reorganize themselves.

How do interest groups expand the range of issues that come to lawmakers' attention?

They focus on issues that may be controversial. They focus on issues that may not have broad impact.

What has happened to the New England states since the 1980s?

They have shifted toward the Democrats.

Which of the following events had a lasting influence on the political views of younger citizens in particular?

World War I (1939-1945) the terrorist attacks in 2001 the Great Depression of the 1930s

Which of the following types of interest groups is classified as an economic type?

agriculture

What is a super PAC?

an independent-expenditure-only committee

economic conservatism

belief that government should defer to the workings of the free market

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the .

candidate

Which of the following refers to a situation in which multiple group loyalties diminish a person's identification with a single group?

cross cutting

members of Congress

electoral support

signaling

function serves to alert the public to important events in a timely fashion.

Which of the following are the dominant ideologies in the United States?

liberalism conservatism

a political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party

realignment

An interest group is an organization that

seeks to influence government policy

Saliency

the degree to which an issue is important to a particular individual or group.

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Which of the following limit government officials' ability to govern solely according to public opinion?

Few people are well informed on public affairs. Many people support policies that are inconsistent with each other. Many people have opinions on issues they know little about.

Which of the following happened when the Fairness Doctrine was eliminated in 1987?

Hundreds of radio stations switched from playing music to airing partisan talk shows

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the

Progressive Party

red states

South, Great Plains. Rockv Mountains

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

In politics, what do linkage institutions do?

They connect citizens with government.

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

They operate at the local level. The are open to all citizens.

In general, Americans who believe that the government should use its power to promote traditional values are

cultural conservatives

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost

fourfold increase in election turnout.

During the Trump presidency, the opinions of and policies supported by congressional Republicans regarding a specific issue changed, illustrating how abrupt shifts in public opinion can alter the boundaries of acceptable action. On which issue did Republicans change their opinion?

free trade

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n)

gender gap

The socialization process results in schemas, or frames of reference, that.

help in forming a common cause citizens use to evaluate issues and developments

Which of the following are private goods?

jobs retirement plans

What new technology led to the chaos that spurred the establishment of the Federal Communications Commission?

radio

What law did Congress enact in 1993 that required states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver's license or public assistance?

the Motor Voter Act

Which amendment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote in the United States?

19th amendment

Which of the following voting blocs migrated to the Republican Party during the 1980s and 1990s?

Southern whites

economic liberalism

belief that government should help the disadvantaged

Where in American politics is the impact of public opinion felt most clearly?

congress

One characteristic of political socialization is that its effects are

cumulative

The audience for Huffington Post's website is overwhelmingly

democratic

Private sector labor unions

do not exist in Texas.

Which of the following are the components of an iron triangle?

executive agencies congressional committees interest groups

Which of the following would policymakers be likely to rely on when they want to act as delegates in formulating and implementing policy?

opinion polls

Tufts University's Sarah Sobieraj and Jeffrey Berry's study described the basis for partisan talk show programming as paritsan

outrage

Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as

political parties

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that.

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence

Which of the following functions do news media perform?

provide a channel through which political leaders communicate to the public provide political information that attracts an audience act as a watchdog that scrutinizes official behavior

Which method of sampling gives everyone in a population an equal chance of being interviewed?

random sampling

On which issues have regional differences persisted to the present day?

social welfare civil rights

The tendency of people to pay more attention to issues highlighted in the media is an example of

socialization

Stories about celebrities, sensational crimes, and scandals in high places have been labeled

soft news

citizens vote for candidates from different parties.

split ticket

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution extended voting rights to eighteen-year-olds?

the Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) involved which issue affecting interest groups?

the limit on corporate and union spending in federal elections

In the United States, the voter turnout rate in presidential elections tends to hover around

60 percent

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Democratic-Republicans Federalists

Which of the following are examples of the effect economic class has on political opinion?

Income levels affect Americans' opinions on some public policy issues. Welfare assistance has higher support among lower income Americans than higher income Americans.

Which of the following is true of people who consider themselves political independents?

Most of them lean toward one party or the other.

Which is a reason that some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

Why do men and women differ in their political opinions?

Their political opinions reflect their gendered positions in society, which tend to differ.

are representatives who take their constituents' desires into account when taking positions on policy issues, but do not always do exactly as their constituents wish.

Trustees

What attitude is described in Arlie Russell Hochschild's Strangers in Their Own Land?

Working-class whites blame working-class minorities and immigrants for their failure to realize the American Dream

cultural conservatism

belief that government should promote traditional values

cultural liberalism

belief that lifestyle choices should be left to the individual

interest group

beneficial policy decisions

Which of the cable news networks most fully treats news as a form of entertainment?

cnn

Massive shifts in party identification are most likely to occur

in response to major events

Consumption of what type of media has been found to be correlated with a relatively high level of political knowledge?

newspapers

where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

federal agency

support for their administrative programs

The proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is known as

voter turnout