POLS 1101 Final
"__________ Americans participate in the making and implementation of foreign policy." A.) All B.) engaged C.) few D.) elected
A.) All
Which of the following sought to limit the use of "soft money" in campaigns? A.) Bi-partisan Campaign Reform Act B.) Citizens United Decision C.) Federal Election Campaign Act D.) Campaign Reform Decision
A.) Bi-partisan Campaign Reform Act
According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy? A.) Citizen consent B.) The divine right of kings C.) Government's control of all property D.) The Catholic Church E.) Government's authority over its subjects
A.) Citizen consent
The group that favored the ratification of the Constitution was known as ____________. A.) Federalists B.) The Oligarchy C.) Anti-Federalists D.) Socialists
A.) Federalists
When the Bill of Rights was initially added to the Constitution, it applied to which of the following levels of government? A.) National government only B.) State governments only C.) State and local governments only D.) All levels of government
A.) National government only
All of the following have been mentioned as possible locations for casinos in Georgia EXCEPT: A.) Stone Mountain Park B.) Underground Atlanta C.) Rome D.) Valdosta
A.) Stone Mountain Park
What amendment to the U.S. Constitution chiefly empowers state governments A.) X B.) I C.) VIII D.) V
A.) X
What is LEAST likely to legitimate a proposal? A.) a study published by a think tank relating to the proposal B.) when it becomes a statute thanks to the efforts of Congress and the President C.) when an executive agency employee follows a policy proposal on the job D.) a court ruling on a policy
A.) a study published by a think tank relating to the proposal
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.) both upper-class and lower-class children are socialized to participate in public life B.) the acquiescence to the right of rich Americans to become richer has become a fundamental principle of American thought C.) political socialization as a process perpetuates privileges in the elite class D.) there exists in America a mythology of free movement between socioeconomic classes
A.) both upper-class and lower-class children are socialized to participate in public life
Election campaigns changed during the twentieth century in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A.) candidates took control of the nomination process away from the party organization B.) the media began playing a more important role C.) candidates took control of the general election process from the party organization D.) the voters became less important in the nomination process Question 121 / 1 point
A.) candidates took control of the nomination process away from the party organization
All of the following are instruments of public policy that government can legitimately use to influence citizens' behavior EXCEPT: A.) censorship B.) eminent domain C.) user fees D.) adjusting monetary variables . `
A.) censorship
Foreign policy is often made during times of __________. A.) crisis B.) prosperity C.) divided government D.) economic recovery
A.) crisis
From a city's perspective, what would be the best kind of charter to hold? A.) home rule charter B.) special charter C.) classified charter D.) general charter
A.) home rule charter
At which step in the six-step policy process model does the Executive Branch become responsible for administering a policy? A.) implementation B.) evaluation C.) legitimation of proposals D.) agenda setting
A.) implementation
Among the kinds of people and institutions who formulate policy proposals, which would generally be expected to do the LEAST: A.) judges B.) Congressional staff members C.) bureaucrats D.) think tanks
A.) judges
The BCRA... A.) limits how political ads can use candidate names and faces B.) banned political parties from using soft money in state elections C.) was struck down by SCOTUS D.) increased the individual campaign contribution limit to $5000 annually
A.) limits how political ads can use candidate names and faces
Political socialization exists in all cultures and is crucial for the continuation of __________. A.) national identity B.) indoctrination C.) social justice D.) the political process
A.) national identity
Which individual would most likely have the highest sense of political efficacy? A.) one who works for a political party B.) one who writes a letter to the editor of a local newspaper C.) one who occasionally votes in political elections D.) one who is well-read about political topics
A.) one who works for a political party
How are political parties different from interest groups? A.) political parties seek to run the government B.) political parties are more highly organized C.) only political parties are involved in elections D.) political parties are organized in a hierarchy
A.) political parties seek to run the government
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the House of Representatives? A.) revenue bills must originate there B.) it confirms judicial appointments C.) the minimum age to serve is 30 D.) each state receives two representatives
A.) revenue bills must originate there
The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called A.) separation of powers B.) checks and balances C.) fusion of powers D.) federalism
A.) separation of powers
Realignment refers to a A.) substantial and long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction or a new party system B.) period of time when party activists become less ideological C.) trend among voters to identify themselves as third-party members rather than as members of a major party D.) period of time when party members become more loyal to their political party
A.) substantial and long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction or a new party system
All of the following are TRUE regarding political party realignments EXCEPT: A.) the Democrats recaptured lost political power in 1896 by embracing industrialization B.) the 1828 alignment occurred as a result of expanded voting opportunities C.) alignments have occurred with surprising regularity D.) the Democrats recaptured power in the 1930s by advocating for extensive use of federal power
A.) the Democrats recaptured lost political power in 1896 by embracing industrialization
What are the first words in the First Amendment? A.) "We hold these truths to be self-evident . . ." B.) "Congress shall make no law . . ." C.) "Property is surely a right of mankind . . ." D.) None of the above
B.) "Congress shall make no law . . ."
The first __________ amendments are known as the Bill of Rights A.) 5 B.) 10 C.) 20 D.) 3
B.) 10
11 out of 13 states were required to ratify the Constitution. A.) True B.) False
B.) False
Any case involving one of the states and the United States government falls under appellate jurisdiction. A.) True B.) False
B.) False
Someone who believes that judges should stick close to the literal meaning of the words in the Constitution is an advocate of which of the following? A.) Judicial activism B.) Judicial restraint C.) Judicial reformism D.) None of the above
B.) Judicial restraint
____________is a major thoroughfare in the United States capital of Washington, D.C. known as a center for numerous think tanks, lobbyists, and advocacy groups A.) F Street B.) K Street C.) L Street D.) Z Street
B.) K Street
The holding in McCulloch v. Maryland favored all but which of the following individuals or entities? A.) supporters of a national bank B.) State of Maryland C.) James McCulloch D.) Federal government
B.) State of Maryland
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the "end game" of the legislative process? A.) each chamber frequently adopts versions of bills passed by the other chamber to expedite legislating B.) conference committees exist ONLY to resolve differences in House and Senate versions of bills C.) absent presidential support, a bill cannot become a law D.) a presidential veto can be over-ridden by Congress with a simple majority vote in each chamber
B.) conference committees exist ONLY to resolve differences in House and Senate versions of bills
Which of the following is NOT a common component of various definitions of democracy? A.) respect for the law B.) constitutionalism C)equal opportunity D.) competition
B.) constitutionalism
Before the BCRA of 2002, soft money... A.) was regulated by the Federal Election Campaign Acts of the 1970s. B.) could fund ads with candidate images and names C.) limited contributions to $1000 per donor per candidate per election D.) was used for campaigning activities
B.) could fund ads with candidate images and names
The Great Compromise A.) provided strong powers to the state governments B.) established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation by state population in the House C.) limited the importation of slaves for twenty years D.) created a confederate system of government E.) All of the above
B.) established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation by state population in the House
Which of the following is TRUE about the "modern process" of Congressional evolution? A.) coalition building became easier B.) floor rules have become more restrictive C.) bills were generally referred to a very few committees, sometimes even just a single committee D.) the use of filibusters decreased
B.) floor rules have become more restrictive
Amendments to bills in the House of Representatives can differ from amendments to bills in the Senate in that House amendments must be __________ to the bill being amended. A.) unanimous B.) germane C.) attached D.) timely
B.) germane
What is arguably the best single explanation of policymaking in the U.S. at the federal level? A.) public-choice model B.) incrementalism model C.) rationalism model D.) group theory model
B.) incrementalism model
In terms of political socialization, __________ is fairly inevitable in schools. A.) marginalization B.) indoctrination C.) confusion D.) reaffirmation
B.) indoctrination
All of the following are TRUE of the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT: A.) it created the C.I.A. B.) it created the N.S.A. C.) it has aided presidents in the development of foreign policy D.) it created the N.S.C.
B.) it created the N.S.A.
This potentially permanent committee exists to coordinate policies between the two Congressional chambers: A.) standing B.) joint C.) conference D.) select
B.) joint
All of the following statements are TRUE EXCEPT: A.) constituent services are important to being reelected B.) more people think better of Congress as a whole than of their individual Congressmen/women C.) facing voters frequently largely promotes agency representation D.) incumbents are reelected to Congress more than 75% of the time
B.) more people think better of Congress as a whole than of their individual Congressmen/women
All of the following are key features of "New Age Federalism" EXCEPT: A.) federal government downsizing B.) national healthcare legislation C.) the Contract with America D.) Bill Clinton
B.) national healthcare legislation
According to Locke and Jefferson, governments exist to __________ the people. A.) constrain B.) serve C.) elect D.) mold
B.) serve
The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment A.) strike down prohibition B.) strike down racial segregation in the states C.) limit the power of the federal government in relation to the states D.) all of the above
B.) strike down racial segregation in the states
Which of the following individuals or institutions is NOT an actor that influences Congressional voting? A.) interest groups B.) the federal court system C.) congressional staffers D.) other legislators
B.) the federal court system
The "honeymoon period" describes... A.) the period that follows a presidential election victory that ends when the president actually takes office B.) the first six to eight months of a presidential term the stage of political socialization when children view the president C.) as a wise protector that ends when the child is old enough to perceive imperfections in the political process and participants D.) the era of the 1950s when relations between the media and the Executive branch were at their best
B.) the first six to eight months of a presidential term the stage of political socialization when children view the president
All of the following arguably helped increase the power of the federal government during the nineteenth century EXCEPT: A.) the Civil War B.) the holding in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case C.) the advent of the income tax D.) Sherman Anti-Trust Act
B.) the holding in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case
Throughout many of the Federalist Papers, the authors refer to __________ as being the best people to govern A.) elected officials B.) appointed officials C.) "men of fit character" D.) Federalists
C.) "men of fit character"
Given a proposal by the national legislature to amend the Articles of Confederation, the approval of how many of the state legislatures would be necessary to ratify the amendment? A.) Nine out of 13 B.) Eleven out of 13 C.) All 13 D.) No approval of the state legislatures was necessary
C.) All 13
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that an act of Congress is unconstitutional. How might that decision be overturned? A.) It cannot be reversed. B.) Congress could pass the law again by majority vote. C.) Congress and the states could amend the Constitution. D.) The president could reverse the decision.
C.) Congress and the states could amend the Constitution.
The governing document that sets forth a country's basic rules of government and politics is a ______________________. A.) Fundamental Law B.) Democracy C.) Constitution D.) Legitimate Government
C.) Constitution
What can never run out of money? A.) defense spending B.) funding for basic services, such as health care and education C.) entitlement programs D.) government subsidies
C.) Entitlement programs
What did the case Marbury v Madison (1803) establish? A.) Ex Facto Law B.) Jurisdiction C.) Judicial Review D.) Maritime Law
C.) Judicial Review
In which state would one arguably have the best access to legislators? A.) Georgia B.) Nebraska C.) New Hampshire D.) California
C.) New Hampshire
The fiscal year begins on... A.) July B.) December C.) October D.) January
C.) October
What was the name of the 1896 Supreme Court case that declared racially segregated "separate-but-equal" public facilities to be permissible under the Constitution? A.) Dred Scott v. Sandford B.) McCulloch v. Maryland C.) Plessy v. Ferguson D.) Massachusetts v. Mellon E.) Brown v. Board of Education
C.) Plessy v. Ferguson
"The process by which an individual acquires attitudes, beliefs, and values relating to the political system of which he is a member and to his own role as a citizen within that political system" is known as __________. A.) political culture B.) patriotism C.) Political socialization D.) Political acquisition
C.) Political socialization
__________ prevents any state from discriminating against visiting citizens from another state when it comes to basic constitutional rights. A.) Reserved Powers Clause B.) Interstate Rendition Provision in the Constitution C.) Privileges and Immunities Clause D.) Full Faith and Credit Clause
C.) Privileges and Immunities Clause
Which among the following presidents arguably did the most to curb the power of the federal government? A.) Lyndon B. Johnson B.) John F. Kennedy C.) Richard M. Nixon D.) George W. Bush
C.) Richard M. Nixon
All of the following are TRUE regarding the Citizens United case EXCEPT: A.) it arose from an issue involving a film about Hillary Clinton its main issue was whether or not the BCRA restrictions on B.) corporations and unions use of their own funds in campaigning was unconstitutional C.) SCOTUS struck down BCRA restrictions on usage of corporate money, finding that said restrictions violated the Fifth Amendment D.) the case holding means that corporations can use their own money for practically any political activity
C.) SCOTUS struck down BCRA restrictions on usage of corporate money, finding that said restrictions violated the Fifth Amendment
__________ is a subtle but key instrument of political socialization." A.) Childhood B.) The media C.) Symbolism D.) Academia
C.) Symbolism
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution lists the powers of the national government. Who possess the powers that are not listed in Article I, Section 8? A.) The national government, but subject to oversight by the federal courts B.) A special commission composed of national-government department heads and state governors C.) The states and the people D.) The political parties E.) Nobody possesses the remaining powers
C.) The states and the people
Which of the following is NOT one of the four universal American values? A.) value of individual freedoms B.) belief in political equality C.) acceptance of Judeo-Christian worldview D.) faith in free-enterprise
C.) acceptance of Judeo-Christian worldview
All of the following are key features of "New Federalism" EXCEPT: A.) Reducing income taxes B.) block grants C.) categorical grants D.) Cutting domestic programs
C.) categorical grants
Which model of public policy guides the federal budgeting process? A.) public choice model B.) group theory model C.) incrementalism model D.) rationalism model
C.) incrementalism model
All of the following are associated with "Cooperative Federalism" EXCEPT: A.) categorical grants B.) the New Deal C.) layer cake D.) court packing
C.) layer cake
What helps legislation with provisions benefiting a single district pass? A.) earmarks B.) pork barrel projects C.) logrolling D.) "must pass" status
C.) logrolling
Political socialization differs from other aspects of childhood socialization in that political socialization is often... A.) less understood by young children. B.) unlearned later in life. C.) not deliberately taught. D.) taught in schools.
C.) not deliberately taught.
Which of the following is NOT a power bestowed to the federal government? A.) regulating interstate commerce B.) making laws C.) ratifying amendments to the US Constitution D.) borrowing money
C.) ratifying amendments to the US Constitution
What role did Alexis de Tocqueville believe clubs and associations played in early American society? A.) political enforcers B.) insurance benevolent societies C.) schools D.) all of the above
C.) schools
Congressional committee assignments are based mostly on __________. A.) partisanship B.) interests C.) seniority D.) campaign donations
C.) seniority
All of the following statements are TRUE about the Subcommittee Bill of Rights EXCEPT: A.) it required that subcommittees be set up under committees B.) it eliminated seniority as the sole determining factor for committee chairs C.) thanks to it, "programmatic liberals" were ousted from several committee chairs D.) it applied mainly in the House of Representatives
C.) thanks to it, "programmatic liberals" were ousted from several committee chairs
All of the following are TRUE about "continuing resolutions" EXCEPT: A.) they help avoid government shutdowns B.) they maintain government spending at a current year's level C.) the government has actually operated without an official budget for the entirety of multiple fiscal years D.) they require presidential approval to go into effect
C.) the government has actually operated without an official budget for the entirety of multiple fiscal years
One reason dissenting opinions are significant is A.) justices rarely want to write them, indicating that a judge might not vote the way he or she believes in order to fall in the majority B.) they usually represent the opinions of the majority of the public, indicating that the Court regularly ignores public opinion when making its rulings C.) they may have a lasting impact if the Court later changes its mind. D.) they provide different reasons why a justice supported the majority ruling than was written in the opinion. E.) all of the above.
C.) they may have a lasting impact if the Court later changes its mind.
What is the purpose of bicameralism, according to James Madison? A.) to nullify executive power B.) to create redundancy in government C.) to effect a division of legislative power D.) to create more representation for the people
C.) to effect a division of legislative power
The First Amendment provides protections for: a) Religion b) Speech c) Assembly d) All of the above
D) All of the above
The landmark Supreme Court case which ruled against segregation in public schools was: a) Stevens v. Board of Investigation (1965) b) Plessy v. Parington (1913) c) Ally v. Stevenson (1959) d) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
D) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The non-governmental sector of public life is known as a) Political parties b) Democracy c) Oligarchy d) Civil society
D) Civil society
Judicial activism A.) Is closely identified with the Warren Court B.) Views the Supreme Court as an active participant in shaping government policy C.) May result in conservatives as well as liberal positions Judicial activism D.) All the above E.) A & B only
D.) All the above
Which of the following are protected freedoms based on the first amendment? A.) speech B.) press C.) petition D.) All of the above E.) A & B only
D.) All the above
From which agent of political socialization would one most likely acquire the skill set to become an active participant in government? A.) peers B.) schools C.) family D.) interest groups
D.) Interest groups
Who REALLY runs the show in the Senate? A.) Majority party whip B.) Vice-president C.) President pro-tempore D.) Majority leader
D.) Majority leader
Which of the following choices depicts a viable iron triangle grouping? A.) Department of Interior, World Wildlife Federation, Greenpeace B.) Department of Commerce, Standing Committee on Commerce, Executive Office of the President C.) Department of Transportation, Teamsters, Congressional Highway Committee D.) standing Agricultural Committee, Department of Agriculture, AFL/CIO
D.) Standing Agricultural Committee, Department of Agriculture, AFL/CIO
Which of the following voided artificial barriers to voting, such as literacy tests that many southern states required potential voters to pass? A.) Civil War Amendments B.) Nineteenth Amendment C.) Twenty Sixth Amendment D.) Voting Rights Act of 1965
D.) Voting Rights Act of 1965
All of the following are ways in which federal courts can become entangled with state courts EXCEPT: A.) via a habeas corpus petition B.) via a diversity suit C.) an appeal from a state's highest court to the Supreme Court D.) an appeal from a state's highest court to federal circuit court
D.) an appeal from a state's highest court to federal circuit court
"Ex post facto" laws... A.) criminalize some conduct before said conduct has been committed B.) are examples of concurrent powers C.) are key components to federalism D.) are examples of a prohibited power
D.) are examples of a prohibited power
The founders adopted a federal system A.) because they were inspired by the writings of John Locke, who advocated such an arrangement B.) as a return to an ancient form of government C.) because a division of sovereignty between a central government and regional governments is a basic principle of democracy D.) as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments
D.) as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments
All of the following are institutional leadership positions in Congress EXCEPT: A.) Speaker of the House B.) President Pro-tempore C.) Vice President D.) assistant floor leader
D.) assistant floor leader
The __________ powers relate to the Elastic Clause. A.) inherent B.) federal C.) enumerated D.) implied
D.) implied
Voting and decision-making in many nonprofit organizations... A.) occurs democratically with all members participating B.) is generally restricted only to monetary donors C.) is restricted to only paid members of a nonprofit's board D.) is often left up to a small group of individuals
D.) is often left up to a small group of individuals
Ingredients of public policies for the U.S. government might come from all of the following EXCEPT: A.) agency regulations B.) executive orders C.) court opinions D.) law journals
D.) law journals
Which of the following is TRUE about the socializing effects of peers? A.) peer groups exercise substantial influence over most people in the process of political socialization B.) peer groups virtually never succeed in mobilizing collective action in response to any issues C.) peers often influence each other politically when it comes to issues of broad national importance (e.g., the national debt, social security reform, etc.) D.) peer groups probably just reinforce the attitudes of family
D.) peer groups probably just reinforce the attitudes of family
The __________ model of policymaking describes how a problem is identified, how it comes to the attention of policymakers, and how a policy to address the problem is formulated and legitimated. A.) incremental change B.)rational analysis C.) problem-centric D.) policy-process
D.) policy-process
The idea that what is learned first is learned best is known as the... A.) acquisitional principle. B.) none of the above. C.) structuring principle. D.) primacy principle.
D.) primacy principle.
All of the following are true regarding how university education influences political socialization EXCEPT: A.) college graduates are more likely to vote than those without a high school diploma B.) journalists may seek acceptance as intellectuals and look to university faculty as a primary reference group C.) political socialization can occur in university just as much as it can occur in primary and secondary schools D.) since more protestants than Catholics attend college, more protestants than Catholics adopt the political leanings of their professors
D.) since more protestants than Catholics attend college, more protestants than Catholics adopt the political leanings of their professors
Interest groups... A.) seek to run the government B.) are generally focused on many, broad policy issues C.) are the same as political parties D.) tend to focus on specific areas
D.) tend to focus on specific areas
C. Wright Mills believed which of the following? A.) that elections inform administrators of the public will B.) the elites impose policy execution on the masses C.) that elites serve as officials in the policy-making scheme D.) that public policy is ultimately determined by an aristocracy
D.) that public policy is ultimately determined by an aristocracy
All of the following statements about the news media and political attitudes are true EXCEPT: A.) in recent decades, most leading reporters and editors tended to vote Democratic B.) evidence suggests that, often, reporters systematically undercut government officials C.) reporters show preference for popular candidates D.) the FCC "Fairness Doctrine" guards against media bias by requiring broadcasters to grant "equal time" to both political sides of the aisle
D.) the FCC "Fairness Doctrine" guards against media bias by requiring broadcasters to grant "equal time" to both political sides of the aisle
Where do most pieces of proposed legislature come from? A.) congressmen B.) constituents C.) lobbyists D.) the President
D.) the President
__________ is the least commonly-used system of county governance in the U.S. today. A.) the commissioner-executive model B.) consolidated government C.) the commissioner-administrator model D.) the sole-commissioner model
D.) the sole-commissioner model
According to recent figures, relative to the G.D.P., how large is the national government's debt? A.) half as large B.) twice as large C.) one-fourth as large D.) they are roughly equal
D.) they are roughly equal
Regarding statutory interpretation, __________ is very important to the A.) Supreme Court. B.) judicial activism C.) judicial restraint D.) stare decisis E.) Legislative intent
E.) Legislative intent
The __________ Doctrine allowed states to have racial segregation in public facilities. a)Separate but Uniform b)Separate but Equal c)Split but Equal d)Separate but Equivalent
b)Separate but Equal