POLS 1337 Final Exam

What statement describes a pocket veto? A) The governor decides to ignore a bill and let the legislative session end without taking any action on the bill, in effect killing that piece of legislation.B) The governor postpones the decision of a bill until the next legislative session.C) The governor reduces the amount of appropriations attached to a bill.D) The governor keeps part of a bill but strikes out other sections of the bill he or she does not like.

A) The governor decides to ignore a bill and let the legislative session end without taking any action on the bill, in effect killing that piece of legislation.

The constitution of the US gives our government a legal basis for existing and since the public accepts our governments right to govern the people the constitution also serves to promote the concept of A) legitimacy B) independence C) legality D) justice

A) legitimacy

What was the only amendment to the 1845 constitution of Texas? A) the adoption of the long ballot in which Texans would be able to independently elect a large number of executive and judicial officers B) the adoption of owner occupied properties called homesteads which would be protected from forced sale under many circumstances C) the adoption of the short ballot which increased the power of the executive to appoint state officials D) the adoption of community property which stated that property acquired during marriage is equally owned by both spouses

A) the adoption of the long ballot in which Texans would be able to independently elect a large number of executive and judicial officers

Crimes are to be tried by juries in the state in which the crime was committed.

Article III of the U.S. Constitution

How would traditional historians as well as most Texans describe the era of government that was based on the 1869 constitution? A) ideological and progressive B) corrupt and abusive C) liberal and open minded D) conservative and traditional

B) corrupt and abusive

In Texas, the state constitutional provision forbidding same-sex marriages has become inoperative because of a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court. This is an example of A) a pocket veto. B) checks and balances. C) deadwood. D) a popular recall.

C) deadwood.

The republic of Texas constitution recognized owner occupied properties and protected them from forced sale under most circumstances. What are these owner occupied properties called? A) community property B) common property C) homesteads D) rancher lots

C) homesteads

Which of the following rights is guaranteed by the bill of rights but is not specifically mentioned in the US constitution? A) allows for the creation of monopolies B) allows for public prayer in schools C) prohibits discrimination based on sex D) allows for same sex marriage

C) prohibits discrimination based on sex

Texas is the only state other than Oklahoma that has A) nonpartisan elections. B) judicial term limits. C) two courts of final appeal. D) judicial life terms.

C) two courts of final appeal.

Some reformers advocate a Texas administration in which the chief executive would have the power to appoint and remove top administrators—a system known as a(n) a. bureaucratic system. b. merit system. c. civil service system. d. cabinet system.

Cabinet system

What statement is true regarding the governorship in Texas? A) In order to be governor of Texas, one must be at least thirty-five years B) The Texas constitution limits the governor's salary. C) The Texas governor does not have the authority to fire appointed officials. D) Texas does not impose term limits on its chief executive.

D) Texas does not impose term limits on its chief executive.

The concept that each branch of government is assigned power to limit abuses in the other branches is called A) separation of powers B) judicial review C) directive authority D) checks and balances

D) checks and balances

The Texas state legislature is a unicameral institution that meets annually.

False

Due process protections guaranteed to those accused of crimes include the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to be confronted with witnesses.

The sixth amendment

Which of the following is true of the federal courts? Check all that apply.

There are 12 regional circuits; each has a U.S. Court of Appeals that operates with three-judge panels to hear appeals cases. The federal judiciary is structured with three layers including, from bottom to top: district courts, U.S. Courts of Appeals, the U.S. Supreme Court. Appeals made from the U.S. Courts of Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court are often rejected.

What statement is TRUE about justice of the peace courts? a. They function only to perform marriages. b. They do not have jurisdiction over criminal cases. c. They require that justices be practicing lawyers. d. They are regulated by county commissioners.

They are regulated by county commissioners.

A school district is a form of local government in Texas.

True

Executive authority in the state of Texas is divided among multiple independently elected offices.

True

The two final courts of appeal in Texas are the Texas Supreme Court, which hears civil matters, and the Court of Criminal Appeals, which has jurisdiction over criminal cases.

True

Jury service is required of citizens who are selected from lists of residents, registered voters, or recipients of driver's licenses or state identification.

Various State Laws

A government employee who exposes corruption within the government is known as a(n) a. ombudsman. b. bureaucrat. c. whistle-blower. d. gerrymander.

Whistle Blower

If the state of Texas should create an agency to regulate grocery stores and the agency eventually became controlled by the grocery store industry, it would be an example of a. patronage. b. agency capture. c. elective accountability. d. privatization.

a

When the House and Senate pass different versions of the same bill, a committee is appointed to resolve the differences between the two versions. What is this committee called? a. Conference b. Partisan c. Blocking d. Conservative

a. Conference

Which gerrymandering technique attempts to diffuse concentrated political party voters among several districts so that their votes within any one district are negligible? a. Cracking b. Pairing c. Packing d. Dividing

a. Cracking

Suppose the legislative session for the year is in its final days. A senator wants to delay the passage of a bill until the next session. What can that senator do in order to delay the passage of the bill? a. Engage in a filibuster b. Call for legislative redress c. Begin packing procedures d. Submit a resolution

a. Engage in a filibuster

Which statement accurately characterizes the short-term, biennial sessions in Texas? a. The short-term, biennial sessions often necessitate the need for 30-day special sessions. b. Since the amount of legislation to be reviewed is small, these types of sessions are appropriate. c. Short-term, biennial sessions tend to be more focused and productive and consequently, more legislation gets reviewed. d. Having short-term, biennial sessions gives legislators more time to review bills in the "off-session," reducing the amount of time needed for debate during the regular sessions.

a. The short-term, biennial sessions often necessitate the need for 30-day special sessions.

The Texas Supreme Court is the court of last resort regarding a. civil matters. b. criminal matters. c. both civil and criminal matters. d. constitutional matters only.

a. civil matters.

The Texas Speaker of the House is a. elected from among the members of the Texas House of Representatives. b. chosen by the lieutenant governor. c. elected by the voters in a statewide election.

a. elected from among the members of the Texas House of Representatives.

Drawing district lines in a manner that provides a political candidate with an advantage is called a. gerrymandering. b. malapportionment. c. reapportionment. d. ex officio.

a. gerrymandering.

A person who has been issued an indictment for a criminal trial will face a a. petit jury. b. felony jury. c. grand jury. d. runaway jury.

a. petit jury.

All Texas legislators are elected from a. single-member districts. b. multiple-member districts. c. regional districts. d. select districts.

a. single-member districts.

Based on how the electorate has voted in the past, which person would have an edge in a Texas gubernatorial election? a. A person of Hispanic descent b. A person with liberal political views c. An Anglo male d. A Catholic female

anglo male

Because their job is to provide a liaison between the office of the governor and the legislature, which individuals serve as the governor's lobbyists? a. Committee chairs b. Legislative assistants c. Floor leaders d. Presiding officers

b

Tyler is from a small town in Texas that does not keep trial records. He has been granted a new trial in which his case will be completely retried by a higher court. What type of trial has Tyler been granted? a. An appeal b. A de novo trial c. A plea bargain d. A petit trial

b. A de novo trial

What kind of court case uses the "preponderance of the evidence" standard? a. Criminal b. Civil c. Both criminal and civil d. Only cases that involve the death penalty

b. Civil

The Constitution of Texas is short, compared to the U.S. Constitution. a. True b. False

b. False

In which situation would the Texas legislature use its bureaucratic oversight function? a. When passing a resolution that requires no action by the governor b. When reviewing the redistricting process to ensure districts are equal in size c. When reviewing a state agency to ensure it is meeting its intended purpose d. When reviewing House and Senate versions of a bill to come up with a compromise

c. When reviewing a state agency to ensure it is meeting its intended purpose

A written accusation made by the prosecutor against a party charged with a minor crime is referred to as. a. a true bill. b. a plea bargain. c. a no bill. d. the information.

d. the information.

Ron was accused of tax evasion. His case was brought before the grand jury, which determined that there was enough evidence to bring Ron to trial. The indictment that the grand jury issued is called a a. challenge for cause. b. peremptory challenge. c. no bill. d. true bill.

d. true bill.

Although the Texas governor's power to appoint individuals to boards and commissions is broad, his or her power to remove members is limited. a. True b. False

true

What does it mean to say that the Texas legislature is both bicameral and biennial? A) The Texas legislature has a one-house chamber that meets for two months every year. B) The Texas legislature is made up of two chambers that meet once every two years. C) The Texas legislature has a one-house chamber that meets yearly for a regular and a special session. D) The Texas legislature is made up of two chambers and meets for two months every year.

B) The Texas legislature is made up of two chambers that meet once every two years.

In Texas, judges are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the legislature. A) True B) False

B) false

The Texas legislature recently passed a law that gives retailers the right to ask customers using credit cards or debit cards to show an ID to prove their identity. What type of law does this represent? A) constitutional B)statutory C) criminal D) common

B) statutory

When the constitutional convention convened to establish the first constitution of Texas in 1836 it sought to establish which form of government? A) federal B) unitary C) confederal D) oligarchy

B) unitary

Which is a correct statement about Texas special sessions? A)There are no restrictions on how long a special session can last. B)The leadership of the legislature sets the agenda for special sessions. C)The legislators are the only ones who can call themselves into session. D) The governor can call as many special sessions as he or she wishes.

D)The governor can call as many special sessions as he or she wishes.

Justices of this type use the power of judicial review to make case law.

Judicial Activism

Proponents of this judicial theory contend that its use protects minority rights.

Judicial Activism

Proponents of this judicial theory contend that the Court should leave lawmaking to those who were elected by the people the laws will govern.

Judicial Restraint

These judicial theorists are hesitant to overturn laws out of respect for established lawmaking practices.

Judicial Restraint

Juries are to be composed of "honest men of the neighborhood."

Magna Carta

Which Texas officer would look into consumer protection issues, antitrust actions, and civil actions concerning banking and securities? a. The attorney general b. The health and human services commissioner c. The secretary of state d. The adjutant general

a

In Texas, if one juror disagrees with the other jurors' verdict in a criminal case, then a. the result is a hung jury. b. the trial is thrown out and the accused is unable to be retried because of double jeopardy. c. the judge decides the case. d. the verdict still stands.

a. the result is a hung jury.

In 1975 a significant attempt was made to amend the Texas Constitution. However, only 15 percent of voting age Texans cast ballots in the election and they overwhelmingly rejected all of the proposed amendments. a. True b. False

a. true

Jerry has received several parking tickets in the past weeks.In Texas, municipal courts have exclusive jurisdiction to try a. violations of city ordinances. b. all criminal cases. c. violations of federal law. d. appellate decisions.

a. violations of city ordinances.

Senatorial courtesy allows a senator to a. avoid paying property and income taxes during his or her term of office. b. reject the governor's appointment of a political enemy from the senator's district. c. discuss any pending legislation with the standing governor. d. hire staff members from within his or her own district.

b

In Texas, the power given to the executive branch rests solely with the governor. A) True B) False

b). False

Legislators in Texas are subject to term limits and may only serve in office for two terms. a. True b. False

b. False

The federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 has effectively eliminated voting discrimination in Texas. a. True b. False

b. False

The process of plea bargaining offers what benefit to the court system? a. It reduces the number of cases that must be heard in the overcrowded district courts by moving them to county-level and municipal courts. b. It reduces the total number of cases that must be heard, saving the state time and money. c. It eliminates the time and expense necessary to select juries by having cases heard directly by a judge. d. It eliminates misdemeanor offenses from having to be heard in court by setting a standardized fine schedule by offense.

b. It reduces the total number of cases that must be heard, saving the state time and money.

The merit plan is a method of selecting judges based on candidate quality. It is also known as the a. Minnesota Plan. b. Missouri Plan. c. Illinois Plan. d. Mississippi Plan.

b. Missouri Plan.

What group has dominated recent elections for Texas's highest courts? a. Hispanic Americans b. Republicans c. women d. Democrats

b. Republicans

What statement accurately describes minority representation for judges in the Texas court system? a. Although minorities are still underrepresented, half of the total judges in Texas are women. b. The Texas court system is overwhelmingly represented by white male judges. c. Only in recent years have minorities gained representation in the Texas court system.

b. The Texas court system is overwhelmingly represented by white male judges.

What statement regarding the Texas lieutenant governor is TRUE? a. The lieutenant governor shares the same party affiliation as the governor. b. The lieutenant governor has extensive legislative, organizational, procedural, administrative, and planning authority. c. The lieutenant governor is appointed by the governor for a four-year term. d. The lieutenant governor serves as the Texas Senate president but is not given any legislative authority.

b. The lieutenant governor has extensive legislative, organizational, procedural, administrative, and planning authority.

Of all the people that represent the diverse nature of the Texas citizenry, which group is LEAST likely to be represented in the Texas legislature? a. White Anglo males, who may or may not have a college degree b. Women, who work in professional fields c. African Americans, who are wealthy d. White Anglo males, who are business owners or executives

b. Women, who work in professional fields

The Legislative Redistricting Board of Texas is ex officio. This means that its members have a position on the board automatically because they a. own one of the major industries in the state. b. also hold some other public office. c. are considered a minority. d. are not a declared member of any political party.

b. also hold some other public office.

One of the MOST important differences between civil and criminal court cases is the a. right of due process. b. burden of proof. c. clear and present danger clause. d. right to plea bargain.

b. burden of proof.

Legislators in Texas meet for only 140 days every other year, deal with a heavy workload and receive only a small income for their work. Because of this, the Texas legislature has often been referred to as a(n) a. efficient legislature. b. citizen legislature. c. professional legislature. d. limited legislature.

b. citizen legislature.

If the legislature in Texas wanted to achieve descriptive representation, it would need to a. elect representatives willing to support issues that reflect all the major industries in Texas, such as agriculture, oil, and natural gas. b. elect representatives that reflect constituents' ethnic and social characteristics. c. make sure that the vast majority of representatives are non-Hispanic white, which is the majority group in the state. d. make sure that the number of representatives elected is equal across all legislative districts.

b. elect representatives that reflect constituents' ethnic and social characteristics.

In a criminal case, the prosecution must prove that the defendant is a. innocent until proven guilty. b. guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. c. mentally unfit to stand trial. d. not a flight risk.

b. guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

The process that empowers citizens to place a proposal on the ballot for voter approval is called a(n) a. long ballot. b. initiative. c. popular recall. d. referendum.

b. initiative.

The term used to reflect the redrawing of district and precinct lines following the national census to reflect population changes is a. packing. b. reapportionment. c. gerrymandering. d. allocation.

b. reapportionment.

The Texas Constitution is best described as being a. ambiguous. b. restrictive. c. flexible. d. understandable

b. restrictive.

When a committee decides to pigeonhole a bill, that bill is a. compared to other bills on the same subject matter. b. set aside and no action is taken on it. c. included on the roll call. d. presented for public opinion.

b. set aside and no action is taken on it.

Double jeopardy is the process in which a. there must be separate trials for each individual brought to trial in the same case. b. there is a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal in the first trial. c. a defendant is required to pay settlement costs and serve jail time. d. a defendant faces both civil and criminal charges in a case.

b. there is a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal in the first trial.

In Texas, the proposal of a constitutional amendment must be approved by a. three-fourths of the total membership of each house of the Texas legislature. b. two-thirds of the total membership of each house of the Texas legislature. c. a majority of the voting-age population. d. a majority of the total membership of each house of the Texas legislature.

b. two-thirds of the total membership of each house of the Texas legislature.

If the state of Texas suffered a natural disaster, the governor may act as the "voice of the people" by requesting federal aid. In this case, the governor would be acting as a. state finance director. b. a lobbyist. c. chief of state. d. party chief.

c

Texas governors serve a a. six-year term, with no reelection to another term. b. two-year term, with no limit on the number of terms he or she may serve. c. four-year term, with no limit on the number of terms he or she may serve. d. four-year term, limited to two terms served.

c

The Texas Constitution outlines four important elective executive offices that are legally independent of the governor and are elected by the people rather than the governor. What executive officer position is an elective office? a. Insurance commissioner b. Secretary of state c. Lieutenant governor d. Adjutant general

c

What statement about special sessions is TRUE? a. It is illegal for the governor to use the special session as a bargaining tool. b. Special sessions are limited to a 60-day duration. c. The governor may call as many special sessions as he or she wants. d. The agenda of a special session is determined by the legislature.

c

When Governor George W. Bush was elected as president of the United States, his term as Texas governor had not expired. How, then, was the governor's office in Texas filled? a. The Texas Senate elected a senator as acting governor until the next general election. b. The president pro tempore of the senate became the governor for the remainder of the elected term. c. The lieutenant governor became the governor for the remainder of the elected term. d. The Texas House elected a representative as acting governor until the next general election.

c

Which Texas regulatory board, established in 1891, is considered one of the most powerful state regulatory bodies in the United States because of its powers over the petroleum industry? a. Texas Department of Agriculture b. Texas Environmental Quality Commission c. Texas Railroad Commission d. Texas General Land Office Agency

c

Which person would be involved in a civil case? a. A local convenience store owner pressed charges against an employee who stole money from the cash register. b. Nate got into an heated, physical argument with his neighbor and was arrested for attempted murder. c. Ernesto was contracted to build an addition to Lester's house, but he did not complete the work as agreed upon. d. Kinsey had not yet received her driver's permit and was caught speeding by a police officer.

c. Ernesto was contracted to build an addition to Lester's house, but he did not complete the work as agreed upon.

Which statement is TRUE regarding the Texas Supreme Court? a. The Texas Supreme Court must hear every case that is sent to the court for review. b. The Texas Supreme Court spends much of its time deciding which petitions for review will be granted. c. Justices to the Texas Supreme Court are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Texas Senate. d. There are no occupational requirements to be a Texas Supreme Court justice.

c. Justices to the Texas Supreme Court are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Texas Senate.

A governor that wants to focus the attention of the media, legislators, and citizens on legislative proposals that he or she considers important would use which constitutional power? a. Publicity b. Ceremonial c. Message d. Media

c. Message

What statement is true regarding constitutional amendments in Texas? a. Over the last fifty years, there have been very few constitutional amendments proposed to the voters of Texas. b. Most constitutional amendments proposed to the voters of Texas have been rejected. c. Over the last fifty years, every legislative session has proposed at least one constitutional amendment. d. Most proposed constitutional amendments over the last fifty years have been of major substantive importance.

c. Over the last fifty years, every legislative session has proposed at least one constitutional amendment.

Which situation is an example of the legislative practice known as a "resolution"? a. The Texas legislature requires its committees to submit reports on how they conduct their operations. b. The Texas legislature determines how bills will be placed on the calendar. c. The Texas legislature designates March as the official month of the Alamo. d. The Texas legislature uses census data to divide the population into legislative districts.

c. The Texas legislature designates March as the official month of the Alamo.

In 1972, what did voters have to do in order to revise the Texas Constitution? a. They had to simplify it. b. They had to legalize it. c. They had to amend it. d. They had to repeal it.

c. They had to amend it.

What is unique about the Texas state budget? a. While most states approve a budget on a yearly basis, Texas approves a budget once every five years. b. The budget is most often approved during a 30-day special session. c. While most states have only one budget, Texas has two. d. The budget is approved by the Legislative Budget Board and not by the legislature.

c. While most states have only one budget, Texas has two.

The first bill placed on the senate calendar each session that most likely will never be considered by the full senate is referred to as a. cracking. b. a resolution. c. a blocking bill. d. legislative redress.

c. a blocking bill.

During jury selection for a crime involving an African American, the defendant's attorney asks the judge to dismiss a certain prospective juror from serving on the jury because the lawyer believes the juror holds a bias against African Americans. This request is called a(n) a. challenge for accuracy. b. peremptory challenge. c. challenge for cause. d. explicit challenge.

c. challenge for cause.

Texas permits voters to decide directly on only three matters: constitutional amendments, the state income tax, and a. redistricting legislative boundaries. b. judicial appointments. c. legislative salaries. d. the state budget.

c. legislative salaries.

When voters in Texas are unaware of a candidate's qualifications, they tend to select judicial candidates based on a. their stance on the issues. b. their public record. c. political party affiliation. d. length of service.

c. political party affiliation.

The two types of standing committees in the legislature are substantive and a. joint. b. administrative. c. procedural. d. standing.

c. procedural.

Because they are directly affected by agency programs, the most natural allies for an agency are its a. civil service employees. b. regulators. c. legislative sponsors. d. constituent or clientele interest groups.

d

In an effort to streamline the bureaucracy, Texas has implemented privatization, which is the a. reliance on corporations to pay the cost of government services and functions. b. use of elected officials to perform government services and functions. c. practice of minimizing services to cut costs of government services and functions. d. hiring of private contractors to perform government services and functions.

d

Laws that require meetings of government bodies at all levels of government to be open to the general public except when personnel, land acquisition, or litigation matters are being discussed are referred to as a. sunshine laws. b. clemency laws. c. open-records laws. d. open-meetings laws.

d

More than one-half of the governors who have served in Texas since 1900 have been a. oil and gas industry executives. b. ranchers or farmers. c. small business owners. d. lawyers.

d

What statement BEST describes the power of the Texas governor? a. The Texas governorship is mostly ceremonial, and the governor has no formal power or influence. b. Texas's preference for centralized government has made the office of the governor formally responsible for both policy and implementation. c. As chief executive of the state, the governor commands substantial power. d. A long-serving governor with the support of powerful interest groups can wield a dominant influence over the enactment and implementation of public policy.

d

Which informal legislative power can be used by the governor as a tool of persuasion to influence bureaucrats and help the governor shape legislation while it is still in the legislature? a. The line-item veto b. The use of interest group lobbyists c. Political appointments d. The threat of veto

d

Which is an example of a governor using his or her extralegal powers? a. Governor Adams uses the legislative veto to stop bills she does not agree with from becoming law. b. Governor Jones calls a special session of the legislature in order to fill vacancies in certain elected offices. c. Governor Williams directs the Texas National Guard to help clean up areas of the state affected by flooding. d. Governor Smith is very persuasive and uses his bargaining skills to get two competing interests to broker a deal.

d

Which courts are often described as the chief trial courts of the state? a. County courts b. Municipal courts c. Appeals courts d. District courts

d. District courts

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Reynolds v. Sims? a. It required that redistricting take place every five years via a special census. b. It required that legislative districts remain the same size, despite population changes. c. It allowed the use of gerrymandering when drawing legislative boundaries. d. It required that legislative districts be approximately equal in population size.

d. It required that legislative districts be approximately equal in population size.

Which type of resolution requires approval of both houses but does not require action by the governor? a. Conference b. Simple c. Concurrent d. Joint

d. Joint

A court that hears a case for the first time has what type of jurisdiction? a. Appellate b. First instance c. de novo d. Original

d. Original

The Texas legislature has the power to establish limited-purpose local governments, many of which perform functions that counties and cities cannot afford because of constitutional tax and debt limits. What are these governments called? a. General-law charters b. Home-rule charters c. Limited-purpose districts d. Special districts

d. Special districts

Which statement regarding the salary and compensation of Texas legislators is TRUE? a. Most Texans feel their legislators are paid too much for the little time they are in session and want to see their salaries reduced. b. Texas legislators are the highest paid large-state legislators in the country. c. Although the salary of Texas legislators is low, their per diem and travel allowances more than make up for the low salary. d. Texas legislators that use retainer and consulting fees to increase their compensation also increase their potential for conflicts of interest.

d. Texas legislators that use retainer and consulting fees to increase their compensation also increase their potential for conflicts of interest.

Why did reformers develop the merit plan for selecting judges? a. To make sure that candidates seeking a position as a judge are qualified b. To take away the governor's power in appointing judges c. To allow judges to be appointed based on political party d. To make the selection of judges less political

d. To make the selection of judges less political

How many members of each house must be present for a quorum to be satisfied? a. One-half b. One-fourth c. Three-quarters d. Two-thirds

d. Two-thirds

Thomas is a defense attorney on a high-profile murder case. During jury selection, he gets the feeling that one prospective juror would not be good for his case, and although he doesn't cite a specific reason, he requests that this juror be removed from the case. This is known as a a. hung juror. b. petit challenge. c. challenge for cause. d. peremptory challenge.

d. peremptory challenge.

When an appellate court reviews a case that has been appealed, a. a new trial complete with witness testimony and evidence is presented to the jury. b. a grand jury must decide if there is sufficient evidence to hold another trial. c. a judge reviews the transcripts of the original case to determine if double jeopardy has occurred. d. the original case and any lawyer's briefs are reviewed to determine if any legal process involved in the case was handled improperly.

d. the original case and any lawyer's briefs are reviewed to determine if any legal process involved in the case was handled improperly.

Like the salaries paid to its state legislators, the Texas governor's salary is among the lowest in the nation. a. True b. False

false

What type of system does the state of Texas use to hire and/or promote public employees? a. Ombudsman system b. Spoils system c. Civil service system d. Merit system

not c