POLS 2401: Exam 3 GSU
Why are some gases considered greenhouse gases?
- Because of their effect on warming in the atmosphere -Because they trap solar radiation in the atmosphere
By how much has Earth's average temperature risen since 1900?
- By 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit
What are some of the reasons for why the worlds population drastically increased over the past 70 years
- improved food production and distribution - reduced mortality rates
Which of the following environmental conferences first combined scientific issues with broader political, social and economic issues?
-1972 Stockholm Conference
How much of the GLOBAL electricity supply comes from alternative energy sources?
-20%
Carbon dioxide represents the highest percentage of total greenhouse gases, accounting for ___________ of the total.
-50%
In 2014, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide as estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner of refugees at
-55 million
How many unaccompanied minors entered the U.S during the 2014 crisis?
-60,000-80,000
The world's population is currently at about
-7.6 billion people
According to the UN's Population Division's 2015 analyses, what is he medium variant projection of the world's population by 2050?
-9.7 Billion people by 2050
What has been the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS on those countries most highly affected by the disease?
-A decline in life expectancy at birth from 62 to 52 between 1995 and 2005
What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age group in a population?
-A population pyramid
How much of the United States electricity supply is generated by alternative energy sources?
-About 15%
According to scientists, what is the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that the Earth could sustain?
-About 390 parts per million
Where do you find the majority of countries identified as the most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS?
-Africa
What is replacement fertility?
-Approximately 2.1 births per women
Geoengineering is the planned manipulation of Earth's climate to counteract the effects of global warming. Geoengineering can be divided into two main categories
-Carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management
As noted in your reading, which of the following had the highest 2014 total carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy?
-China
Which country has been known for its "one-child policy"?
-China
Which of the following countries is the leader in renewable energy investment?
-China
According to the UN's 2015 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see population growth, but where _________________ is projected to peak in size at 1.42 billion in 2030, ________________ is projected to soon overtake reaching an estimated 1.71 billion by the middle of the 21st century
-China/ India
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
-Chloroflurocarbons (CFSs) -Carbon dioxide -Methane -Ozone
The analyst points to a 15-year, $10 billion U.S. effort in which country as a model for what's needed in Central America?
-Colombia
The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize
-Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rate will decline
What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"?
-Demography
Sustainable development has been defined as
-Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs -Sound environmental planning without sacrificing economic and social improvements
The video points to which country has the highest homicide rates in the world?
-El Salvador
Which of the following are example of geongineering?
-Finding ways to capture and safely store carbon dioxide -Manipulation of Earth's cloud cover -Changing ocean chemistry to increase their absorption -Creating a planetary filter to reflect sunlight
While _____________ is a term that refers to the concern that increased greenhouse gases increase the Earth's temparature, ______________ is the term that includes reference to changes in estremes of temperatures and precipitation
-Global Warming/ climate change
Which is correct about global warming and climate change?
-Global warming refers to Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases -Climate changes refers to the consequences of global warming on weather patterns over time.
Which is correct about global warming and climate change?
-Global warming refers to the Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases -Climate change refers to the consequences of global warming on weather patterns overtime
Certain gases in the atmosphere- water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide - can trap solar radiation and cause the atmosphere to warm. These are called:
-Greenhouse gases
The role of women in population control
-Has been seen as central because women's empowerment tends to lead o smaller but healthier families
U.S support for international family planning programs
-Has shifted its changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs.
The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico?
-He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico
The moderator interviews an 11-year-old boy who fled to the U.S. by himself because of the extreme drug-gang violence in his country
-Honduras
Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth
-Improvement in water quality -Poverty reduction -improving the status of women
Which of the following are likely consequences of Climate change
-Increased number of droughts -Growing number of climate refugees -Increased flooding
Sustainable development involves:
-Increasing efficiency -Using renewable energies
Across the globe, urbanization as been caused by
-Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities -Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm -Environmental decline , such as the overgazing of land
What action did the UN take in 2015 to push for greater environmental stewardship in its development agenda?
-It adopted the Sustainable Development Goals
What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility"?
-It is a term that describes the interaction between constant patterns of childbearing with constant mortality and migration to yield zero population change -It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation
What regions hold what percent of the world's population? The more developed countries hold _____________ of the world's population, whereas the less developed countries hold ______________ of the world's population
-Less than 20%/ More than 80%
When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements? (Graph included)
-Less than 5% of Niger's population over the age of 65 -Niger has a youthful population - More than 35% of nigers population are under 10 years of age
In general
-Many LDC's have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many MDC's have enacted policies to increase population growth
Which of the following is true about population and population growth?
-More than 80% of the world's population is located in the less-developed world -Nearly one-fifth of the world's population lives in China -Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries - fertility rates in the least developed countries are declining but still very high - patterns of population growth differ significantly between more and less developed regions The worlds population continues to grow but the rate of population growth is decreasing
The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas
-Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress -Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces - Technological innovation can overcome problems of populations growth
Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change argue that
-Population growth, in particular, high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development
As noted in your reading, which of the following had the highest 2014 per capita carbon dioxide emission from consumption of energy
-Saudi Arabia
Which of the following provides evidence that a warming planet is related to human behavior?
-Scientist have shown a close relationship between global carbon dioxide levels and average global temperatures, while demonstrating that there has been an increase in the atmospheric carbon due to the burning of fossil fuels
Which of the following are alternative energy sources
-Solar -Biomass -Wind Power
"Brain Drain" is
-Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital -The loss of highly killed persons, mostly from developed countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries.
What is the main critique that developing states (LDSc) levy against industrial states (MDSc) over global environmental issues
-That the average person in an industrialized country accounts for significally more resources consumption than someone in a poorer country -That the long history of MDC industrialization processes has been the greatest contributor to global environmental problems
In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that
-The "Positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back to control -The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty, and human misery
Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include
-The "feminization" of migration, women are increasing part of workforces -The increasing politization of migration -The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both sending d receiving states
Which of the following were contributing factors to the outbreak of the civil war in Syria 2011
-The 2006 draught had forced large numbers of rural Syrians into already crowded cities -Permanent changes to rain and windfall patterns brought on by global warming -Increasing scarcity of water and food sources
As discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from
-The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside world zone
Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide?
-The United States
Which of the following are imperically observable changes showing that our biosphere is changing?
-The extent and thickness of the Artic sea has declined rapidly over the past decade -Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world
What distinguishes the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainable development from the one proposed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature?
-The former focuses on the well being of humans while the latter extends the definition to the biosphere
Critics of the demographic transition model argue that:
-The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard
As discussed in the video, why is there so much violence in the Central American states?
-The prevalence of significant amount of guns -Legacies of the 1980's civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation -The prevalence of power drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S
Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates?
-The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age -The fertility rate in more developed countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman -The fertility rate is a strong indicators of overall population growth -The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions.
The hypothetical example used to explain why groups of individuals might overexploit shared environmental
-The tragedy of the Commons
Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population?
-The world has added two billion people since 1993 -The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to triple by 2050 and by 2100 to increase nearly seven times the number in 2017 - in 2017, about a quarter of the worlds population was under age of 15 - fertility has declined in nearly all regions of the world - the world has added one billion people since 2005 - international migration at or around current levels will be unable to compensate fully for the expected loss of population in areas with low levels of fertility, especially in the European region
Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources
-Thomas Malthus
The tension over sustainable development can be stated as:
-Whether the focus should be on environmental conservation of living and nonliving resources or on enhancing economic growth and development
The majority of the world's refugees and internally displaced people are
-Women and Children
Rank of following alternative energy sources according to how much they contribute to all alternative energy production?
1)Hydroelectricity 2)Wind Power 3)Biomass 4)Solar energy 5)Geothermal 6)Marine energies
Which countries will continue to hold the largest of the world's population?
Countries in Asia