POLS 2401 Summer Exam 1 Multiple choice and short answer

Holocaust

Mass murder of Jews under the Nazi Regime

Economic and Social Council

identifies solutions to international economic, social, and health problems as well as fosters world cooperation to fight poverty and helps countries reach an agreement on how to improve education, health conditions, and promote human rights

Define Non-intervention

if states are sovereign, no states should intervene in the internal affairs in another state

4 components of sovereign statehood

1. Population 2. Territory 3. Sovereignty: the state has absolute supreme authority within the boundary of its territory. It can make laws, shape foreign policy, and make its own actions without approval of a higher authority 4. Government: the institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on its citizens

International Law Sources

1. Treaties- most common; the "backbone" 2. The common law 3. Courts - judicial decisions 4. Customs

World War I

1914-1918 Woodrow Wilson, League of Nations, Self determinism, readjustment of territory.

World War II

1939-1945 Us enters war in 1941, Weakened European powers, Greater attention to human conditions, Harry S Truman : Atomic Bomb

Colonialism

A policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country.

Sovereignty

A state (country) is self governing, there is no external group or person that has authority over it. Ability to govern matters within its borders

Peace of Westphalia

A treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and recognized many independent, secular political units that would become modern states. Beginning of modern states through sovereignty

League of Nations

Created after WWI. Attempt by states to create a collective security organization

Atomic Bomb Use

First on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. Second on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 During 1949, Soviets tested atomic bomb ended US nuclear monopoly

United Nations Main Organs

General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, Secretariat

Currently hold nuclear weapons

United States, Russia, France, Great Britain, China, India, North Korea, and Pakistan

Use of force rules

War is not allowed. Exceptions: authorized by security council (majority rule 9/15 but no Permanent 5 can veto). Self defense.

Anarchy

When each state is sovereign, there is no higher authority above the state. No world government telling states what to do

Cold War

When: 1947-1991 What adversaries: US vs Soviet Union. Major Wars: Vietnam War, Korean War. Major characteristics: containment of communism

Trusteeship Council

authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories. It was established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security

Nation/Nationalism: ethnic

based on citizenship rather than on ethnic linkages, promotes the principle that a society is united by territoriality, citizenship, and civil rights and legal codes transmitted to all members of the group, more inclusive

General Assembly

deliberative, policymaking and representative organ Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members

Vertical Weapons

development and stockpiling of armaments in one country

Nation/nationalism: civic

draws its ideological bonds from the people and their native history, relies on elements that are considered unique to a group, such as collective memory, common language and values, and shared religion, myth, and symbolism, more exclusive

Security Council

has a first responsibility under the UN Charter to keep peace and security in the world, there are 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States, 15 total members

Horizontal Weapons

is the spread of weapons or weapons technology across country borders.

Transnational global issues

issues that cross political boundaries (country borders), affect individuals in more than one country. -Example: air pollution produced by a factory in the US and blown into Canada

Non Transnational global issues

issues that do not cross borders but affect aq large number of individuals throughout the world -Example: ethnic rivalries and human rights violations (occur in a single country but have a far wider impact)

International Court of Justice

judicial organ. Court settles disputes between nations

Define Sovereign statehood

must have people in a territory ruled by a government. Must have international recognition. Must have membership in the UN by going through the general assembly and security council

MNC/TNC

nongovernmental actors focused on profit -Examples: Nike, Apple, Toyota, Google, YouTube

IGO

organization that is established by a treaty or agreement between two or more states to work on issues of common interest such as preventing a war or alleviating poverty

Terrorism

premeditated , politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents. Carries a message to a larger audience.

United Nations Main Purpose

promotes international cooperation and to create and maintain international order

Secretariat

responsible for servicing the other organs of the United Nations and administering the programs and policies laid down by them

International Law

rules and regulations through which states organize their relations with each other. It's one of the ways that States use to overcome anarchy.

Contemporary Issues of weapons and weapons proliferation

the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) was an agreement to halt the spread of nuclear weapons beyond the five declared nuclear powers. The Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 was the first major effort to gain some control over the world's deadly biological arsenal. More than 140 countries agreed to ban the development and stockpiling of biological agents In 1993, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) was opened for signature. This treaty committed all signatories to cease development and stockpiling of chemical weapons. In addition, it included a set of verification procedures somewhat more stringent than those under the NPT

Soft Power

the ability to attract or repel others to want what you want through appeal and attraction. Public opinion

Hard Power

the ability to change what others do through coercion. Military and economics

Globalization

the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders

National self-determination

the process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government

Conventional Weapons

those systems that make up the vast majority of all military arsenals—including guns, tanks, most artillery shells and bullets, planes, and ships

NGO

work outside the government and comprise individual citizens working together on one or more problems. -Examples: Red Cross, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, World Vision, Doctors without Borders