Pols Review
Which constitutional amendment required states to protect their citizens' basic liberties? Sixth Amendment Fifth Amendment Fourth Amendment 14th Amendment
14th Amendment
Which constitutional amendment afforded women the right to vote? 18th Amendment 17th Amendment 19th Amendment 16th Amendment
19th Amendment
When did a woman first get elected into the position of Speaker of the House? 1994 2007 2014 1972
2007
The European Union is an example of which of the following? dual federalism a confederal system cooperative federalism a unitary system
A confederal system
New Jersey Plan
A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress
Gideon v. Wainwright
A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government
What was the main Anti-Federalist argument against ratifying the Constitution? A strong central government would undermine security and order for everyone. State governments should not be controlled or subject to oversight. A strong central government would become a locus of corruption and intrigue. State governments were better suited to the challenges of industrialization and urbanization.
A strong central government would become a locus of corruption and intrigue.
Articles of Confederation vs Constitution
AOC: Authority mostly held within the state. No executive branch. The constitution had power for a federal government and some power for the state. It also gave us an Executive branch as well Constitution was an updated form of the Articles that gave the US gov. more power.
Why is it constitutional for school administrators to search the lockers of students without a warrant? Constitutional law does not apply in public schools or churches. Under the School Safety and Regulations Act of 1995, school administrators can act in the best interest of the school without reasonable suspicion. The passage of Title IX included stipulations for warrantless searches. Age is not a suspect classification.
Age is not a suspect classification
Which constitutional feature allows for the Constitution to adapt to new eras as life changes for citizens? amendability separation of powers ratification checks and balances
Amendability
What were the Articles of Confederation? British propaganda letters from imprisoned Americans America's first Constitution Revolutionary War demands
America's first Constitution
Which statement accurately describes the citizenship of American Indians? American Indians are citizens of their tribe. American Indians are citizens of their tribes and the U. S. American Indians must choose tribal allegiance or U.S. citizenship. American Indians are American citizens.
American Indians are citizens of their tribes and the U. S.
Drug addiction is covered under which of the following? The Lilly Ledbetter Act The Civil Rights Act of 1991 Americans with Disabilities Act The ERA
Americans with Disabilities Act
Those who wish to fight for equal access to public facilities should seek redress through which of the following? Americans with Disabilities Act American Association of Retired Persons Equal Rights Amendment The DREAM Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
What describes the need to break down politics into its component parts in order to be understood? analysis evaluation critical thinking deduction
Analysis
The most extreme form of nonauthoritarianism is ______. an absolute monarchy anarchy totalitarianism fascism
Anarchy
Differences between articles and amendments
Articles are outlines of specific powers and responsibilities of the government, amendments are additions to liberties and have been ratified after the Constitution became the law of the land
Which establishes a system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior? utopian society communist democracy free market system authoritarian capitalism
Authoritarian capitalism
Which establishes a system in which the state holds all power over the social order? fascism authoritarian governments theocracy totalitarianism
Authoritarian governments
Who argued that dividing power between the executive, legislature, and judiciary branches was necessary to prevent one person or group from being able to topple the entire system? John Marshall James Madison Marcellus Shale Baron de Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu
Match the event leading up to the American Revolution with the date when it occurred. Boston Massacre Declaration of Independence First Continental Congress Boston Tea Party
Boston Massacre-1770 Declaration of Independence-1776 First Continental Congress-1774 Boston Tea Party-1773
The Coercive Acts passed by Parliament intended to punish the people of Massachusetts for the ______. French and Indian War Declaration of Independence Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress
Boston Tea Party
Which is an example of how federalism shares power between the federal and state governments? The federal government regulates commerce between the states. Both the federal and state governments can raise and spend taxes. The state governments conduct elections, even for federal offices. Each state has its own marriage and drivers' licenses that are honored nationwide.
Both the federal and state governments can raise and spend taxes.
Under which economic system are all means of production privately owned and decisions about production and distribution left to the individual? communist economy capitalist economy free enterprise economy socialist economy Correct. In a capitalist ec
Capitalist economy
Match each funding description with its corresponding means of federal influence. States conform to specific federal requirements in order to receive funding. States receive broad instructions to receive funding. Federal policies enforced through legal penalties or loss of unrelated funding.
Categorical grants block grants unfunded mandates
President has been all of the following EXCEPT
Catholic
What modern necessity is protected from search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment? glasses cars umbrellas cell phones
Cell phones
What regulation are economic conservatives willing to accept from the government? establishing universal healthcare developing job training programs changing interest rates offering house subsidies
Changing interest rates
People with rights that must be respected by a government are referred to as ______. servants residents citizens subjects
Citizens
Which members of the political community have a potentially powerful position in democratic systems? judges citizens lawyers representatives
Citizens
What protects citizens from the government? national security civil rights civil liberties net neutrality
Civil liberties
Which of the following allows for the extension of government action to protect members of American society? national security net neutrality civil liberties civil rights
Civil rights
______ federalism occurs when states are pressured to adopt national solutions to local problems. Coercive Precedent Two-party Cooperative
Coercive
Why should religion and politics not mix? Compromise is difficult. Religion is always right. Religion is always looking toward freedom. Politics is always changing.
Compromise is difficult
The Great Compromise
Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
The Constitution categorizes powers under federalism as national, state, and ______. cooperative concurrent dual supreme
Concurrent
This branch of government has the power to write immigration laws
Congress
Which aspect of government power was limited the most by the Bill of Rights? president military courts Congress
Congress
How did Justice John Marshall interpret the necessary and proper clause? The states fill in when the national government fails. Congress has the power to do what is essential. Congress has the power to do what is appropriate. The states must pass laws that are necessary and proper for public safety.
Congress has the power to do what is appropriate
Someone who advocates for a limited government and who is cautious about change would be classified as a ______. socialist conservative social conservative liberal
Conservative
Necessary and Proper Clause
Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers
In brandenburg
Create a two prime test to evaluate speech
______ is the process of analyzing and evaluating ideas and arguments based on reason and evidence. Assessing Learning Critical thinking Scientific reasoning
Critical thinking
A child born in 2005 who is proficient in, and dependent upon, digital technology is an example of which of the following? digital native analog native millennial baby boomer
Digital native
Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order are ______. economic conservatives economic liberals social conservatives social liberals
Economic liberals
What is the primary vision for social conservatives when it comes to the moral tone of life? emphasis on economic freedom emphasis on fundamentalist religious values emphasis on freedom from political persecution emphasis on the family
Emphasis on fundamentalist religious values
Match each definition with its corresponding Congressional power. powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution Congress can make any law necessary to carry out its responsibilities The Constitution and the laws made by Congress are the supreme laws of the land.
Enumerated powers of Congress Necessary and proper clause Supremacy clause
Why might smaller states like Delaware, New Jersey, and Georgia have ratified the Constitution so quickly? They were staunch supporters of the Federalist agenda. Their leadership had disliked the Articles of Confederation since their ratification. The Federalist "media blitz" focused on those states. Equal representation in the Senate strengthened those states' power.
Equal representation in the Senate strengthened those states' power.
Griswold v connecticut
Established that there is an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution
Ethan's position as a supervisor requires him to assess how well his employees are performing based upon specific measurable criteria. In performing this function of his job, Ethan is engaging in which of the following? analysis authoritarianism evaluation political correctness
Evaluation
What did James Madison argue was the greatest threat to a republic? slavery strong central government minority rule factions
Factions
Congressional policy toward the Native Americans has consistently encouraged economic independence and self-government. True False
False
Even though the Equal Rights Amendment was passed in 1972, it was not ratified until 1982. True False
False
Generally speaking, one major group of elites dominated the establishment of the United States of America. True False
False
Individuals have succeeded in gaining rights where interest groups once failed. True False
False
The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln, freed all slaves in the continental United States. True False
False
The U.S. government has never had to take over the functions of a state or local government because of the federal system created by the Constitution. True False
False
The founding of America can be defined only as a headlong rush to liberty on the part of an oppressed people. True False
False
While the U.S. Constitution gave Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign powers, including Native American tribes, it also institutionalized Congress's role as guardian over Native American affairs. True False
False
Which group of people participated in Shays' Rebellion as an act of defiance against the new government? state militias farmers slaves wealthy citizens
Farmers
What mode of government, devised as a compromise during the Constitutional Convention, divides power between central and regional units? unitary system federalism home rule confederation
Federalism
The powers of the national and state governments as outlined in the Constitution have resulted in more ______ over the years. flexibility gridlock dominance of the states federal dominance
Flexibility
Which constitutional amendments ended the black codes? Seventeenth and Eighteenth Fourteenth and Fifteenth Fifteenth and Sixteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth
Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Which Supreme Court case extended the Sixth Amendment right to counsel to state criminal trials? Marbury v. Madison Bush v. Gore Gideon v. Wainwright Roe v. Wade
Gideon v. Wainwright
What is the claim that gun ownership advocates are making against the government with regards to gun regulation? Gun regulation violates the Third Amendment. Gun regulation is an illegitimate use of federal power. Gun regulation is soft on crime. Gun regulation is undemocratic.
Gun regulation is an illegitimate use of federal power.
What form of political engagement occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue? second wave feminism pound sign activism cyber social activism hashtag activism
Hashtag activism
How did the Articles of Confederation contribute to economic instability in post-revolution America? Low prices led to a glut of agricultural products. High state taxes depressed the economy. Hard currencies were replaced. Trade relationships were virtually nonexistent.
High state taxes depressed the economy.
What is the largest minority group in the United States? Asians American Indians Hispanics African Americans
Hispanics
How is the number of electoral votes for each state determined
House and senate combined
What article on the constitution establishes congress
I
What article on the constitution establishes executive
II
What article on the constitution establishes Judicial
III
Who are citizens or subjects of one country who move to another country to live or work? tourists immigrants refugees citizens
Immigrants
What standard does the Supreme Court currently follow for limitations on free speech? imminent and lawless action clear and present danger test political correctness bad tendency test
Imminent and lawless action
According to the authors of this textbook, what role do power and resources play in politics? The authors maintain that political power is predicated upon how effectively resources are allocated. The authors maintain that power and resources have little, if any, correlation to prevailing narratives. The authors maintain that politics can best be understood as a struggle for power and resources. The authors maintain that the influence of power and resources upon politics is finite.
The authors maintain that politics can best be understood as a struggle for power and resources.
What norm is necessary to make the system of checks and balances in the U.S. government work? New checks and balances must keep being added to prevent new abuses. The branches have to make it work in order for it to work. New challenges make it necessary to add new branches of government. The branches have to be willing to subvert the system in emergencies.
The branches have to make it work in order for it to work.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
The case that ruled that slaves were property and could not sue
Which reflects the belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals? communism collectivism individualism libertarianism
Individualism
What is meant by the fact that the debate over the Constitution took place in the pre-digital age? Consensus was nearly impossible. The players were limited. All citizens had a say in the debate. Much of the debate was unreasoned.
The players were limited
What was the significance of the Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) decision? It allowed the federal government to regulate businesses. It broadened the necessary and proper clause. It set precedent for the Court to rule in economic matters. It gave preference to state power.
It allowed the federal government to regulate businesses.
The First Continental Congress did which of the following? It outlined a plan to expand trade with France. It declared the Coercive Acts void. It called for the stockpiling of arms in a secret location. It disbanded the Sons of Liberty.
It declared the Coercive Acts void
What did the 14th Amendment accomplish? It extended the right to vote to all adult males. It set the precedent of separate but equal. It incorporated the southern states back into the Union. It guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States.
It guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States.
How has hyperpartisanship in the last few decades altered the relationship between state and federal governments in the United States? It has regularly led to the federal government being under the unified control of one party or the other. Members of Congress have gradually begun to be more loyal to the general populace rather than their local constituencies. It has led to more creative ideas and solved many longstanding social problems. It has caused gridlock in Congress, forcing many states to find their own solution to problems.
It has caused gridlock in Congress, forcing many states to find their own solution to problems.
How is strict scrutiny used by the Supreme Court? The Supreme Court can use this standard to make evidence inadmissible from court. It is the highest standard of review regarding the criminal record of the accused. The Supreme Court can ban lawyers from presenting a case. It is a heightened standard of review regarding suspect classification laws.
It is a heightened standard of review regarding suspect classification laws.
What impact does federalism have on local prejudices? It can make them easier to scrutinize. It often allows for them to make their way into the law. It can assist in their eradication. It can make them easier to ignore.
It often allows for them to make their way into the law.
How did the Naturalization Act of 1790 impact Asian immigrants? It gave them the legal right to citizenship if they could find a sponsor. It outlined the steps required for Asians to become naturalized citizens. It allowed them to become naturalized citizens if they owned property. It prohibited Asians from becoming naturalized citizens.
It prohibited Asians from becoming naturalized citizens.
Which statement is true about the French and Indian War? It was a nine-year conflict between the British and French for control of North America. It was a twenty-year struggle of French colonists forcing Native Americans out of New France. It was the later phase of the American Revolution, when France interceded on the side of the American colonists. It was the first half of the American Revolution, when American Indians interceded on the side of the British.
It was a nine-year conflict between the British and French for control of North America.
Why did the original draft of the Constitution not contain a Bill of Rights? The Anti-Federalists pushed for the Constitution not to have one. It was not written until much later. It was viewed as redundant and irrelevant. Enlightenment scholars' thoughts did not address the concept of rights.
It was viewed as redundant and irrelevant.
Viriginia Plan
James Madison's proposal for a bicameral legislature with representation based upon population
Which chief justice of the Supreme Court wanted to grow the power of the federal government in the early years of the republic? Franklin Roosevelt William Rehnquist John Marshall Clarence Thomas
John Marshall
New York Times v US
Known as the "Pentagon Papers Case,"
The Senate is part of which branch of the federal government? Judicial Branch Military branch Executive Branch Legislative Branch
Legislative Branch
Where did the founding principle of "all men are by nature equal" first come from? Locke's Second Treatise on Government the Articles of Confederation the United States Constitution the Declaration of Independence
Locke's Second Treatise on Government
The consent of the citizenry allows democratic societies to do which of the following? overturn ineffective or outdated laws foster good will between the states and federal government encourage patriotic behavior maintain public order
Maintain public order
Who are those for whom most personal and commercial relationships, recreational and professional activities, and communication with others all pass through third-party channels? mediated citizens public-interested citizens self-interested citizens digital natives
Mediated citizens
What was the chief source of national stability during America's fight for independence? Articles of Confederation Continental Congress British redcoats militia system
Militia system
What is the process of acquiring citizenship for someone who has not acquired it by birth? congressional recognition presidential grant of citizenship naturalization immigration court proceedings
Naturalization
The ______ is used to authorize legislative powers not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. enumerated powers of Congress concurrent powers of Congress necessary and proper clause supremacy clause
Necessary and proper clause
Was the policy of busing successful in integrating schools? No, many schools today remain largely segregated. Yes, but it was a very unpopular policy. No, but it was a very popular policy. Yes, schools have remained diverse since the 1980s.
No, many schools today remain largely segregated
Which term describes beliefs and values about how things should be or what people ought to do rather (than what actually is)? normative practices standards ideology
Normative
Which Supreme Court decision legalized gay marriage? Korematsu v. United States Obergefell v. Hodges Guinn v. United States Sweatt v. Painter
Obergefell v. Hodges
What is the flip side of rights? court decisions wrongs obligations legislation
Obligations
What does the establishment clause forbid? new government official religion personal freedoms national anthem
Official religion
Who was responsible for mobilizing Americans to fight the British at Lexington and Concord, beginning the American Revolution? John Hancock Patrick Henry Samuel Adams Paul Revere
Paul Revere
What is it called when the message of the press is restricted before being published? censorship editing redress prior restraint
Prior restraint
Jacob is an American citizen who submits to the needs of the whole society over his own needs. Jacob is practicing ______. public-interested citizenship native-born citizenship self-interested citizenship naturalized citizenship
Public-interested citizenship
Who are individuals who flee from an area or country because of persecution on the basis of race, nationality, religion, group membership, or political opinion? missionaries undocumented immigrants refugees pilgrims
Refugees
Gibbons v. Ogden
Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government
In order to prevent crowded town halls and mob mentalities inherent to direct participation, most of the founders supported which form of government? democracy republic representative democracy libertarianism
Republic
The United States, where decisions are made through representatives of the people, is an example of which of the following? peoples' republic direct democracy republic communism
Republic
Which landmark Supreme Court case found a right to privacy regarding abortion? Gideon v. Wainwright Roe v. Wade Marbury v. Madison Bush v. Gore
Roe v. Wade
What is speech that criticizes government to promote rebellion? slander symbolism sedition satire
Sedition
de facto segregation
Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice.
What is de jure segregation? segregation that is a matter of informal custom segregation that is mandated by law pre-Civil War segregation post-Civil War segregation
Segregation that is mandated by law
What statement characterizes the Federalist approach to government? The tendency to form factions should be counteracted by the mechanical elements of politics. A strong government is necessary to becoming a world power. Close oversight by voters is the only way to prevent corruption and ambition in politics. A strong government must be controlled by factions.
The tendency to form factions should be counteracted by the mechanical elements of politics.
What impact did the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have on the process of devolution? They sped up the process. They neutralized the process. They helped reverse the process. They eliminated the need for the process.
They helped reverse the process.
Why are checks and balances and the separation of powers so important to the American system of government? They keep each branch of government strong through competition with the others. They prevent the spread of misinformation and propaganda. They prevent the corruption and abuses of one branch from bringing down the government. They allow for the business of government to be broken down into manageable units.
They prevent the corruption and abuses of one branch from bringing down the government.
Marbury v. Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Who wrote Common Sense
Thomas Paine
A political system in which the government exercises absolute power over every aspect of life is an example of which of the following? communism totalitarian authoritarian theocracy
Totalitarian
Due to the divisiveness of the issue for early Americans, the Constitution did not use the word slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished it in 1865. True False
True
Groups are more likely than individuals to control the channels of information through which narratives are disseminated. True False
True
The Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) favored more power for the states. True False
True
The Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) favored more power for the federal government. True False
True
The policies that most affect our everyday lives typically fall under state purview. True False
True
Who is empowered by Congress to exercise authority in all immigration matters for both legal and undocumented immigrants to this country? Department of Justice United States Agency for International Development United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Central Intelligence Agency
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
What are the central ideas, principles, or standards that most people agree are important? values norms ideals ideologies
Values
What did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention have in common? profession age wealth political views
Wealth
The authors of your textbook seek to understand American government in terms of which of the following? patriotism winners and losers resource allocation rules and goals
Winners and losers
What was the first state to guarantee women the right to vote? California Georgia Wyoming New York
Wyoming
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
What is affirmative action? a policy designed to create opportunities for groups that were discriminated against in the past a policy that outlaws discrimination in any form in the public school system a policy developed by public universities to diversify the student body in terms of gender, race, and class a policy that favors procedural equality rather than substantial equality
a policy designed to create opportunities for groups that were discriminated against in the past
What is the Lemon test? a legal rule used by the legislative branch to determine separations a three-pronged rule used to determine when the establishment clause has been violated a rule used by the executive branch for veto a court ruling used to determine if religion is moral
a three-pronged rule used to determine when the establishment clause has been violated
What is one act of government that is possible under a unitary system of government like Britain but virtually unthinkable under a federal system like the United States? making new laws required to carry out its powers abolishing a lower level of government giving veto powers to the executive delegating powers to lower levels of government
abolishing a lower level of government
Shays's Rebellion was ______. a popular rebellion against the ratification of the Constitution one of the opening skirmishes of the American Revolution an uprising of farmers in Massachusetts protesting their debt a short-lived revolt against the passage of the Coercive Acts by Parliament
an uprising of farmers in Massachusetts protesting their debt
The inability of the government to tax individuals
articles of confederation
Which of the following is a political system based on obligation without rights? authoritarian dictatorship anarchy democracy republic
authoritarian dictatorship
A student wants to lower the minimum age for obtaining a driver's license. Which is her best option to winning this right? campaigning to change public opinion convincing fellow classmates petitioning the local/state government claiming the right unilaterally
campaigning to change public opinion
Which of the following can the federal government use to influence the states? necessary and proper clause precedent nullification categorical grant
categorical grant
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment is among those intended to protect which of the following? civil rights intersectionality affirmative action immigrant rights
civil rights
What aspect of restructuring the U.S. military led many people to view the Second Amendment as obsolete? move away from traditional weapons civilian control of the military soldiers being outsourced rules of engagement revamped
civilian control of the military
Under President Franklin Roosevelt, the relationship between nation and state become more ______. unclear cooperative divided antagonistic
cooperative
Karamatsu v. the U.S.
decision upholding internment order for Japanese Americans as constitutional during WW II; SCOTUS almost always defers to Congress and President in wartime
Preventing Congress from interfering with the decisions of states is known as ______. devolution federalism categorical grant unfunded mandate
devolution
he process of transferring power from the federal government to the states is known as ______. dual federalism concurrent powers cooperative federalism devolution
devolution
What are gay rights activists fighting with the use of the 14th Amendment? salary inequality discrimination voting rights free speech
discrimination
What are Americans entitled to under the Fifth and 14th Amendments? right to bear arms freedom of assembly due process of law right to vote
due process of law
Which of the following is not a basic principle
economic quality
Who would primarily be concerned with how society's wealth is distributed? the president journalists Congress economists
economists
When voting in a presidential election you are voting for an
elector
What lesson from their colonial experience did the founders apply in the Articles of Confederation? ban on new territories focus on economic and political stability strong central government fair treatment of all states
fair treatment of all states
What is the meaning of the term unfunded mandate? federal order requiring states pay for programs created at the federal level federal order requiring states to fully fund all state level programs federal funds provided for a specific purpose federal funds provided for a broad purpose
federal order requiring states pay for programs created at the federal level
Local government maintaining highways, libraries is an example of
federalism
n the United States, the political system that divides authority between the national and state levels is called ______. federalism democracy republicanism sovereignty
federalism
For which of the following did political theorist John Stuart Mill argue? free love freedom from government free traffic of ideas free access to healthcare
free traffic of ideas
19th amendment
gave women right to vote
What concern with the death penalty has come up with regard to advancements in DNA testing? juveniles charged innocent people on death row mentally impaired persons charged fair and speedy trial
innocent people on death row
The discrimination experienced by someone who belongs to multiple groups is known as ______. de jure discrimination strict scrutiny de facto discrimination intersectionality
intersectionality
Gibbons vs Ogden
interstate commerce
What principle of international law allows for citizenship to be given right by "the right by blood"? au jus jus soli jus sanguins soylent green
jus sanguins
What principle of international law allows for citizenship to be given by "the right of soil"? jus soli jus sanguinis soylent green au jus
jus soli
Because it called for the number of congressional representatives to be determined by population, the Virginia Plan favored which of the following? smaller, less populous states states with large slave populations larger, populous states states with large rural populations
larger, populous states
What is an ex post facto law? laws that protect mail delivery laws that were never on the books laws that are outdated laws that criminalize actions after the fact
laws that criminalize actions after the fact
Which of the following were competing elites in the American colonies during and after the Revolution? frontier settlers and small farmers wealthy merchants and frontier settlers leaders of northern states and leaders of southern states small farmers and leaders of southern states
leaders of northern states and leaders of southern states
Which political actors want the government to strongly control the economy? moderates liberals conservatives libertarians
liberals
Which entity has preserved sovereign authority under a confederal system, like that of the United States under the Articles of Confederation? local units individual citizens the central government the legislature
local units
Main purposes of checks and balances
make sure one branch does not become too powerful
With a look at freedom of the press, why is it best to support minority rights? right thing to do might be in the minority on an issue moral thing to do required by government
might be in the minority on an issue
What was the main concern with a national standing army? military drafts military discipline military dictatorship military service requirements
military dictatorship
Most effective tactic of the Civil rights movement was
nonviolent Civil disobedience
The informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems are ______. institutions rules norms laws
norms
When a state declares that a federal law is not valid, this is called ______. nullification unfunded mandate gridlock veto
nullification
Which group of Americans have high voter participation and are extremely well organized politically? young Americans Americans living in rural areas older Americans Americans living in urban areas
older Americans
Since 2009, the Republican Party strongly ______. opposes federal power devalues the judiciary influences the judiciary supports federal power
opposes federal power
What is one way people can increase their chances of getting what they want? paying attention becoming wealthy shunning politics public protest
paying attention
Intersectionality is a problem often faced by which of the following groups of people? people who have been denied their civil rights people who fall under the suspect classification people who belong to multiple groups people who fall under the quasi-suspect classification
people who belong to multiple groups
Which model of democracy best describes how civil rights are protected in the United States? participatory elite pluralist progressive
pluralist
Persuasive stories about the nature of power, who should have it, and how it should be used have been employed to build support for government. This is an example of a ______. popular drama political narrative popular narrative political drama
political narrative
The long-term deprivation of rights results in which of the following? powerlessness strict scrutiny racism intersectionality
powerlessness
Randal believes that America is the most equal country in the world because it is a democracy with free speech. Which view of equality fits Randal's philosophy? historical view procedural view substantive view legal view
procedural view
John Locke believed that the government's main goal was
protect life, liberty, and property
What is the underlying cause of a government's decision to revise laws that invade individual rights? government shutdowns executive orders court decisions public opinion Correct. In democraci
public opinion
Match each legal classification with its corresponding example. suspect classification quasi-suspect classification non-suspect classification
race gender age
What would be ruined if mixed with the worldly realm of politics? ex post facto religion legislation morality
religion
After Miranda v. Arizona, what right must a defendant be read? right to assembly right to remain silent right to bear arms right to vote
right to remain silent
What important right is at times given to immigrants in the hope that they will connect to their local communities and governments? right to drive right to own land right to free speech right to vote
right to vote
What are directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity? laws institutions rules norms
rules
de jure segregation
segregation by law
Federalist
shares power on state and national level
Public ownership of means of
socialism
The Civil War represented a giant step toward which of the following? economic recession the collapse of federalism stronger state governments stronger national government
stronger national government
Abigail supports higher taxes on the extremely wealthy to pay for infrastructure and social programs. Which view of equality fits Abigail's philosophy? procedural view historical view legal view substantive view
substantive view
Which of the following resulted from the initial attempt at creating an American government? the Constitution the Articles of Confederation the Declaration of Independence the Bill of Rights
the Articles of Confederation
What was the event that led to the first shots of the Revolutionary War? the attempt by British authorities to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock the meeting of the First Continental Congress the Boston Massacre the publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense
the attempt by British authorities to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock
You are terminally ill and have been given only a few weeks to live. You have decided that you do not want to be put on life support but your spouse insists that the hospital utilize this option if necessary. Which of the following can you employ to ensure that your wishes are fulfilled? the Supreme Court's privacy ruling in Lawrence v. Texas the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment the Oregon law on assisted suicide John Ashcroft's directive regarding federally regulated medications
the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Which model of democratic participation best describes the actions citizens have taken to protect their civil rights? the pluralist model the participatory model none of the these the elite model
the pluralist model
You are a politician running for federal office. As an adherent of John Locke's political philosophies, you proclaim that which of the following is a primary purpose of government? exercising absolute control over the military and police quashing public opinion on all controversial subjects conferring upon citizens the rights to life and liberty the protection of citizens' natural rights
the protection of citizens' natural rights
What norm that supports the executive branch is implied by the Emoluments Clause in the Constitution? the rule of law compromise nonpartisanship unity
the rule of law
What event halted the conservative trend toward devolution that began in the early 1990s? the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 Hurricane Katrina the election of President Obama welfare reform under President Clinton
the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
What is meant by the devolution of power in the United States? the lapse of government power when unused for a certain period of time the appointment and confirmation of lower officials by the president and Congress the transfer of powers from federal to state governments the declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders
the transfer of powers from federal to state governments
In a Unitary government, the central government has
the ultimate authority
Lemon Test and its purpose
three-pronged rule used by the courts to determine whether the establishment clause is violated. The purpose of the Lemon test is to determine when a law has the effect of establishing religion.
What was the original intent of the Fourteenth Amendment? to force southern states to extend citizenship rights to African Americans to force the states to extend voting rights to all to force the states to protect all peoples within their borders to force southern states to end indentured servitude
to force southern states to extend citizenship rights to African Americans
When Congress pressured the states to raise the drinking age from eighteen to twenty-one, which strategy did they use? categorical grants no national government influence unfunded mandates block grants
unfunded mandates
How is sexual harassment legally defined? when a woman determines that sexual harassment has occurred when a male boss abuses his power at work for sexual gratification unwelcome physical touching by a friend, associate, or colleague unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment
unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment
What is an intermediate standard of review? when the Supreme Court undergoes arbitration when the Supreme Court decides a case based on decisions from lower courts when the Court determines if a quasi-suspect classification bears a substantial relationship to an important state interest when the Court determines if a quasi-suspect classification demonstrates a compelling interest for the government
when the Court determines if a quasi-suspect classification bears a substantial relationship to an important state interest
Sara is a political activist who wishes to change the political narrative that she feels is negatively impacting herself and her neighbors who are all struggling, low-income families. Which of the following is one of the ways in which she can go about altering that narrative? She can work to change the rules that dictate the narrative. She can work to achieve middle-class status so the current narrative no longer applies. She can refuse to participate in local and national elections as a means of protesting. She can create her own information bubble as a means of justifying her beliefs.
She can work to change the rules that dictate the narrative.
Why did the delegates from some states want enslaved people to count as part of their states' populations? It would encourage non-slave-owning states to legalize slavery to grow their populations. It was considered important to know the actual population of every state. Slave-owning states would get more power in the House of Representatives without having to let enslaved people vote. Slave-owning states intended to abolish slavery.
Slave-owning states would get more power in the House of Representatives without having to let enslaved people vote.
Who was the first Hispanic justice on the U.S. Supreme Court? Alberto Gonzalez Cesar Chavez Susana Martinez Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Sotomayor
Obergefell v. Hodges
States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states.
Lawerence v. Texas
Strikes down state laws banning homosexual activity as unconstitutional violations of the right to privacy. Overturns Bowers v. Hardwick, 1986. (4th)
Who has been leading the recent protest movement for stronger gun laws? president Congress students gun advocates
Students
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government
Which Supreme Court case established and secured the powers of the U.S. government to regulate business and its interests? Lochner v. New York Pollock v. Farmer's Loan and Trust Company Hammer v. Dagenhart Supreme Court rulings on the New Deal
Supreme Court rulings on the New Deal
Which amendment assigns all powers that are not explicitly given to the national government to the states? eighth ninth tenth seventh
Tenth
What is the relationship between civil liberties and the Bill of Rights? The Bill of Rights ensures that all civil liberties are protected equally. The Bill of Rights outlines those instances in which civil liberties may be curtailed. The Bill of Rights is a secondary protector of Americans' civil liberties behind the courts. The Bill of Rights is the primary protector of Americans' civil liberties.
The Bill of Rights is the primary protector of Americans' civil liberties.
McDonald v. Chicago
The Court held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states. The decision cleared up the uncertainty left in the wake of District of Columbia v. Heller as to the scope of gun rights in regard to the states.
How has the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution been used to limit state powers? It outlawed the production and distribution of alcohol nationwide. It deprived the state legislatures of the power to select senators for Congress. The Supreme Court has interpreted its protection of rights for all citizens to extend to state rights as well. Denial of the right to vote by state law on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude was prohibited by it.
The Supreme Court has interpreted its protection of rights for all citizens to extend to state rights as well.
Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Roe v. Wade
(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy
