Polymer
Some characteristics of PS?
-Ability to foam -Ease of processing (moldable) -One of the clearest plastics -Very rigid -Brittle
Some characteristics of PETE?
-Clarity -Toughness -Ability to not let air pass through, -Ability to be melted over and over again without losing any of its properties -Barrier properties to cold
Some characteristics of PP?
-Low specific gravity -Good resistance to chemicals -Flexible -High resistance to heat
Some characteristics of LDPE?
-Softer and cheaper than HDPE -Clarity -Moisture barrier -Incredible flexibility, yet tough. -Ability to hold its own shape
Some characteristics of HDPE?
-Usually opaque -Stronger -Stiffer -More expensive than LDPE -Excellent resistance to most solvents
What is the density range of PP
0.90 - 0.91 g/cm^3
What is the density range of LDPE
0.92 - 0.94 g/cm^3
What is the density range of HDPE?
0.95 - 0.96 g/cm^3
What is the density range of PS
1.05 - 1.07 g/cm^3
What is the density range of PVC?
1.16 - 1.35 g/cm^3
What is the density range of PETE?
1.38 -1.39 g/cm^3
Melting point of HDPE?
250F (120C)
Melting point of PETE?
480F (250C)
This is an adjective used to describe structure units that are placed randomly on the chain
Atactic
Which one is faster chain or step growth polymerization?
Chain-growth
Which type of polymerization results in lots of monomers until the end?
Chain-growth
Does cotton char or melt in flame?
Char
Does wool char or melt in flame?
Char
Which fiber keeps on burning when out of flame? Wool or cotton
Cotton
Which fiber leaves a fine, gray ash residue?
Cotton
Which type of fiber makes up flannel?
Cotton
What produces the raw material for polymers?
Crude Oil
Who first observed PS? When?
Eduard Simon, 1839
What kind of reaction combines the two monomer units of PETE into one?
Esterification
What is styrene produced from?
Ethylbenzene
What are the monomer units of HDPE called?
Ethylene (IUPAC: ethene)
What are the monomer units of LDPE called?
Ethylene (IUPAC: ethene)
What are the monomer units of PETE called?
Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid
Who created PVC? When?
Eugen Baumann, 1872
What are detergent bottles made from?
HDPE
What are milk jugs made from?
HDPE
What are shampoo bottles made from?
HDPE
What is Tyvek made from?
HDPE
Which polymer(s) has the monomer formula CH₂CH₂ aka (C₂H₄)
HDPE and LDPE
Difference between HDPE and LDPE?
HDPE has straight chains while LDPE is branched
This person won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1953 for his/her work in discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry
Hermann Staudinger
Who invented PS? When?
Hermann Staudinger, 1929
HDPE is an abbreviation for...
High Density Polyethylene
This is an adjective used to describe repeating structure units on the same side of the structural backbone
Isotactic
What does cross-linking improve in the properties of a polymer?
Its strength
What are bread bags made from?
LDPE
What are squeeze bottles made from?
LDPE
What are ziploc bags made from?
LDPE
What are the 4 ways polymers can be disposed?
Landfills, incineration, bio-degradation, and recycling
LDPE is an abbreviation for...
Low Density Polyethylene
Does synthetic fiber char or melt in flame?
Melt
Does PETE contain polyethylene?
No
Are landfills desirable? Why or why not?
No, plastics take too long to decompose
What is another name for phthalic acid?
Ortho-phthalic acid
What are peanut butter jars made from?
PETE
What are soft drink bottles made from?
PETE
Which polymer(s) has the monomer formula O(CH₂)₂OCOC₆H₄CO aka (C₁₀H₈O₄)
PETE
Why is PETE a better choice for storing carbonated drinks than HDPE?
PETE is impermeable to gases while HDPE allows gases in and out
Which of the 6 is not produced by chain-growth polymerization? What type of polymerization produces this polymer?
PETE, step-growth polymerization
What are margarine tubs made from?
PP
What are plastic bottle cap lids made from?
PP
What are plastic straws made from?
PP
What are yogurt containers made from?
PP
Which polymer(s) has the monomer formula CH₂CH(CH₃) aka (C₃H₆)
PP
Order of the 6 polymers in increasing density?
PP, LDPE, HDPE, PS, PVC, PETE
What are CD cases made from?
PS
What are Styrofoam eating utensils made from?
PS
What are egg cartons made from?
PS
What are meat trays made from?
PS
Which polymer(s) has the monomer formula CH₂CH(C₆H₅) aka (C₈H₈)
PS
The most versatile of all plastics?
PVC
What are leather-like products (ex. car seat) made from?
PVC
What is Vinyl siding made from?
PVC
Which polymer(s) has the monomer formula CH₂CHCl aka (C₃H₃Cl)
PVC
What is another name for terephthalic acid?
Para-phthalic acid
What are the names of the two men who discovered HDPE?
Paul Hogan and Robert Banks
What are the names of the two men accredited with inventing PP? When?
Paul Hogan and Robert Banks, 1951
Which type of fiber makes up polar fleece?
Polyester
PETE is used for synthetic fibers. Name 3 examples.
Polyester, Dacron, Terylene
PETE is an abbreviation for...
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Another name for PP?
Polypropene
PP is an abbreviation for...
Polypropylene
PS is an abbreviation for...
Polystyrene
PVC is an abbreviation for...
Polyvinyl Chloride
What are the monomer units of PP called?
Propylene (IUPAC: propene)
What are the names of the two men who discovered LDPE? When?
Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett, 1933
Millions of polymer chains are called the ____
Resin
Which two chemists developed PETE? When?
Rex Whinfield and James Dickson, 1941
What are the monomer units of PS called?
Styrene
This is an adjective used to describe repeating structure units on alternate positions along the chain
Syndiotactic
Why are PP dishes dishwasher safe and PE dishes not dishwasher safe?
The melting point of PP (160 C) is higher than the water temperature used in dishwashers (150 C), while the melting point of PE (140 C) is lower than the water temperature used in dishwashers.
Another name for PS?
Thermocol
Another name for PVC?
Vinyl
What is another name for styrene?
Vinyl Benzene
What are the monomer units of PVC called?
Vinyl Chloride
Who found ways to make PVC useful
Waldo Semon
Which fiber leaves a black bead that can be crushed into black powder?
Wool
Which fiber stops burning when out of flame? Wool or cotton
Wool
Which type of fiber makes up felt?
Wool
Is incineration desirable? Why or why not?
Yes, burn plastics to get energy. Believed best way to use plastics. Will not touch groundwater. Main concern = air pollution
Is bio degradation desirable? Why or why not?
Yes, but it doesn't work for synthetic plastics, only plastics made form natural materials
What is required for chain-growth polymerization to occur?
an initiator
Is step-growth exothermic or endothermic?
endothermic
Is chain-growth exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic
What is required for step-growth polymerization to occur?
two active ends of a bifunctional monomer