Porth Patho CH 15
Substances foreign to the host that can stimulate an immune response are known as:
Antigens
Select the type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow.
B lymphocytes
Cytokines that stimulate bone marrow pluripotent stem and progenitor or precursor cells to produce large numbers of platelets, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and dendritic cells are known as:
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
Which of the types of T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines
Cytotoxic T cells
A clinical research study is evaluating cells that bridge both the innate and adaptive immune systems. A nurse has identified the dendritic cells (DCs) as a key component. Which of the following statements validates this finding?
Dendritic cells (DCs) directly sense pathogens, capture foreign agents, and transport them to secondary lymphoid tissues. Once activated, they undergo a maturation process and function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capable of initiating adaptive immunity.
The nurse is planning care for a client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency. Which of the following is a priority intervention to incorporate into the plan?
Educating the client an required life style changes
Which cells block the entry of microbes and destroy them by secreting antimicrobial enzymes, proteins, and peptides within the mucous membrane linings of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tract?
Epithelial
The laboratory finds IgA in a sample of cord blood from a newborn infant. This finding is important because it signifies what?
Fetal reaction to exposure to an intrauterine infection
A nurse is teaching a group of seniors about the decline of the immune system due to aging. Which of the following topics should be included in the teaching plan regarding the immune response of the elderly? Select all that apply.
Higher incidence of cancer Weakened response to vaccinations Increase in susceptibility to infections
The nurse is assisting a new mother with breastfeeding. What does the nurse understand is a primary secretory Ig that is found in the colostrum?
IgA
Which of the following immunoglobulins (Ig) is the most abundant of circulating antibodies?
IgG
A nurse is reviewing labs for a client newly diagnosed with a bacterial infection. In determining if the client is experiencing a primary immune response, the nurse looks for which type of antibody produced from activated immature B cells?
IgM
The most important function of the thymus is:
Immune cell production and maturation
Natural killer cells are specialized lymphocytes that are one of the major parts of which immunity?
Innate
A blood smear is being examined and a stain has been added that will identify granulocytes. Which cell types will be visible with the stain? Select all that apply.
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid structure located high in the left abdominal cavity?
Spleen
An infection control nurse is conducting research on the activation of the immune system and is identifying anatomical locations where primary immune responses are initiated. Which of the following locations should be included in the research study? Select all that apply.
Spleen Tonsils Lymph nodes
Which of the following explains how T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes differ?
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland; B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.
In an attempt to best explain the innate immune system to a class of first-year nursing students, the instructor should describe what characteristic?
The response of the innate immune system is rapid, usually within minutes to hours, and prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms.
The nurse is explaining to a colleague the basis of a client's allergy to dust. What statement by the nurse most accurately describes antigens in this situation?
They are substances foreign to the host that can stimulate an immune response.
The nurse is explaining the quality of pleiotropism that is possessed by many cytokines. The quality of pleiotropism implies that such cytokines:
are able to act on different types of cells
