ports and harbor

D. Significant wave

(Past CE board) A hypothetical wave having a wave height and period equal respectively to average values of the wave and period of the largest 1/3 of all waves in the train as counted in the order of greater wave height. A. Deep water wave B. Equivalent depth water wave height C. Highest wave D. Significant wave

A. Deep water wave

(Past CE board) A wave at a point where the water depth is equal to 1/2 of the wavelength or greater to be expressed in terms of the parameters of significant wave. A. Deep water wave B. Equivalent depth water wave height C. Highest wave D. Significant wave

C. Highest wave

A maximum wave height and wave period of the maximum wave height in wave train. A. Deep water wave B. Equivalent depth water wave height C. Highest wave D. Significant wave

Ans. all of the above

A port is a harbor in which terminal facilities are provided. The different types of ports are as follows: I. Ocean port II. Inland port III. Entry port IV. Free port

A. Beaufort's Scale

A scale used to measure the intensity and force of winds. A. Beaufort's Scale B. Antwerp Scale C. Richter Scale D. Buchanan's Scale

A. Transitional water wave

A type of wave where the depth is less than 1/2 of wave length but greater than 1/25 of the wave length. A. Transitional water wave B. Shallow water wave C. High water wave D. Deep water wave

B. Shallow water wave

A type of wave where the depth is less than 1/25 of wave lengths. A. Transitional water wave B. Shallow water wave C. High water wave D. Deep water wave

Seiche

A very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occuring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide is called:

C. Storm surge

An abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise is due to atmospheric pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress. a. Hurricane b. Tsunamis c. Storm surge d. Tornado

ANS. Fairway

An open water of navigable depth is called

C. Mean low water

Average of the low water over a 19-year period is called: A. Lowest low water B. Lower low water C. Mean low water D. Mean lower low water

1/3(HWL-LWL)+LWL 1/3(1.26-(-0.23))+(-0.23) +0.27 m

Determine the elevation of the residual water level RWL for a gravity type if the following data are as follows: Elev. of MLLW = 0 m (datum) Elev. of HWL = +1.26 m Elev. of LWL = -0.23 m

Ans. between 0.7 - 1.0 times the length of the design ship

Generally the width of the harbor entrance should be _____.

Ans. I, II, and III only

Harbors can be broadly classified as: I. Natural harbors II. Semi-natural harbors III. Artificial harbors IV. Commercial harbors

A. I and II only

Shape of the wave and wave speeds are governed by the displacement of water particles and the functions of the following variables. I. Wave length II. Water depth III. Wave motion IV. Wave shoals A. I and II only B. I, II, and III only C. III and IV only D. All of the above

C. 0.15 - 0.40 m

The PPA (Philippine Ports Authority) requires that water level that guarantees about water depth for safety of the ships berthing; on a certain ports and harbor, below the mean lower low water should be equal to: a. 0.15 to 0.30 m b. 0.12 to 0.40 m c. 0.15 - 0.40 m d. 0.12 - 0.50 m

C. Significant wave height

The arithmetical mean value of the highest, one-third of the waves for a stated interval. a. Average wave height b. Critical wave height c. Significant wave height d. Intermediate wave height

A. Mean higher high watern.

The average height of the higher high water over a 19-year period. A. Mean higher high water B. Higher high water C. HIghest high water D. Mean high water

C. Significant wave height

The average of the highest one-third of the waves are called: a. Average wave height b. Critical wave height c. Significant wave height d. Intermediate wave height

A. Mean lower low water

The datum line for design of port-facilities in accordance with charts, which is being used by the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA). a. MLLW b. LWL c. RWL d. HWL

A. Diurnal range

The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower low water is called: a. Diurnal range b. Mean sea level c. Mean range d. Residual water level

C. Wave height

The distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the wave. A. Wave crest B. Wave trough C. Wave height D. Wave length

Fetch

The distance that the wind blows over the sea in generating the waves is known as:

Ans. lee side

The harbor entrance should, if possible, be located on the ___ of the harbor.

C. Amplitude

The height between the trough and the crest of a wave is called: A. Period B. Oscillation C. Amplitude D. Frequency

B. Higher high water

The higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide day. A. Mean higher high water B. Higher high water C. Highest high water D. Mean high water

C. HIghest high water

The highest height of water of spring tides. A. Mean higher high water B. Higher high water C. Highest high water D. Mean high water

A. Wave crest

The highest point of the wave is called: A. Wave crest B. Wave trough C. Wave height D. Wave length

A. Spring tides

The highest tides which occur at intervals of half a lunar month is called a. Spring tides b. Semi-lunar tides c. Semi-diurnal tides d. Ebb tides

D. Fetch

The horizontal extension of the generating area in the direction of the wind is called: a. Trough b. Shoal c. Seiche d. Fetch

C. Period

The interval of time for two wave crests to pass the same position in space. A. 2 seconds B. 3 seconds C. Period D. Frequency

B. Wave length

The length between two consecutive crests is called: A. wave period B. Wave length C. Wave amplitude D. frequency

D. Mean lower low water

The lower of the two low waters of any diurnal day. A. Lowest low water B> Lower low water C. Mean low water D. Mean lower low water

A. Lowest low water

The lowest height of water of spring tides A. Lowest low water B. Lower low water C. Mean low water D. Mean lower low water

B. Wave trough

The lowest point of the wave. A. Wave crest B. Wave trough C. Wave height D. Wave length

Ans. 1.5 m/s or 3 knots

The maximum current velocity through the harbor entrance should not exceed ____.

A. Mean sea level

The mean of the height of mean high water above the mean low water is referred to as: A. Mean sea level B. Mean lower low water C. Mean range D. Mean high water

Clapotis

The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves is called.

D. Steepness

The ratio of the wave height to is length is called: a. Wave period b. Wave propagation c. Slope d. Steepness

B. Velocity of wave propagation

The speed of the wave form which travels over the water surface for a certain wave period. A. Steepness of wave B. Velocity of wave propagation C. Instantaneous Velocity D. Average Velocity of Wave

Ans. 7 to 8 times the ship's length

The stopping distance of a ship will depend on factors such as ship speed, the displacement and shape of the hull, and horsepower ratio. The stopping distance of a loaded ship _____.

Spring tides occur

The types of tide which will occur at or near the time when the moon is new or full that is when the sun, moon, and earth fall in line and the tide generating forces of the moon and sun are additive.

A. Design low tide

The water level that guarantees about 98% of tide is safe to ships seems to be suitable from the expression of the technical resolution of the International Water Wave Congress. Such water level, which is 0.15 m - 0.40 m below MLLW should be used for design of ports. A. Design low tide (DLT) B. Low water level (LWL) C. Residual water level (RWL) D. High water level (HWL)

A. Wave period

The wave form travels over the water surface and the time for two consecutive crests to pass a point is called: A. Wave period B. Oscillation C. Amplitude D. Frequency

Gravity waves

Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface. This is a process of transferring energy from wind to water. Water particles are moved from their position by the wind, and then returned to the original position by gravity, which is a restoring force. These waves are called:

All of the above

Waves break under the following conditions: I. When the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of the propagation of the wave itself. II. When the wave height exceeds (1/7) of the wave length in deep water. III. When the wave reaches shallow water where the depth is equal to about one and one quarter of its height. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. All of the above

Tsunamis

Waves created by large, sudden impacts, such as earthquakes, volcanoes or landslides that ends up in the ocean.

Swells

Waves generated by storms, which occurs outside the area of observation.

Shallow-water waves

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is equal to or less than 0.40

Deep-water waves

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is greater than 0.5. (Past ce board)

Intermediate water waves

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is less than 0.50 but greater than 0.40.

Breaking wave

Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest particles exceed the velocity of propagation of the wave itself. In deep water, this normally occurs when the wave length L is less than 7 times the wave height (L<7H) and in shallow water when the depth d is approximately equal to 1.25 H (where H is the wave height)

A. Shallow water wave

Waves which occur in water having a depth less than one half of the wave length and the influence of the bottom changes the form or orbital motion from circular to elliptical or near-elliptical. A. Shallow-water wave B. Deep water wave C. Significant wave D. Highest wave

A. Ebb tide

Waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large scale sea floor movements associated severe, shallow focus earthquake. a. Significant waves b. Tsunamis c. Storm surge d. Deep-water waves

Ans. 0.1 times the length of the largest ship

When more than one ship has to be accomodated along the berth, a clearance length of _____ should be provided between the adjacent ships.

80kph

an open country roads with no "blind corner