POSI 5 Equal Rights
Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?
Nineteenth Amendment
The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned ______.
discrimination in public accommodations
Asian Americans emphasize _____ as a means of achieving upward mobility.
education
Of the 500 largest U.S. corporations, about ______ percent are headed by women.
5
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Loving v. Virginia
1867 court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional
Rostker v. Goldberg
1980- upheld such a classification, ruling that the male-only draft registration law served the important objective of excluding women from involuntary combat duty
In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?
2007
Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of Black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely Black.
95
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
equal protection clause
A clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction.
Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?
A state requires separate public bathrooms for Black and white people. Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.
strict-scrutiny test
A test applied by courts to laws that attempt a racial or ethnic classification. In effect, the strict-scrutiny test eliminates race or ethnicity as legal classification when it places minority-group members at a disadvantage.
reasonable basis test
A test applied by courts to laws that treat individuals unequally. Such a law may be deemed constitutional if its purpose is held to be "reasonably" related to a legitimate government interest.
Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?
Asian Americans were not politically active to any great extent.
Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?
California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.
Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?
Cesar Chavez
Which of the following are ancestral countries for many Asian Americans?
China the Philippines India Vietnam
Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?
Equal Rights Amendment
de jure discrimination
Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from a law
de facto discrimination
Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions.
Which amendment passed after the Civil War granted African American men the right to vote?
Fifteenth
Which sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?
Gunnar Myrdal
How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?
He did not believe there was a precise meaning.
In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians ______.
In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians ______.
In 1964, how did the federal government respond to demands for equal rights for African Americans?
It passed the Civil Rights Act, which entitles all persons to equal access to public accommodations.
Within the past 10 years, Supreme Court decisions have expanded LGBTQ rights in which of the following ways?
LGBTQ people are now protected from job discrimination under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. LGBTQ couples now have the right to marry throughout the United States.
suspect classifications
Legal classifications, such as race and national origin, that have invidious discrimination as their purpose and therefore are unconstitutional.
About half of all Hispanics in the United States were born in ______.
Mexico or have Mexican ancestry
Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?
More than half grow up in a single-parent family.
Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?
Navajo Pueblo
Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?
Obergefell v. Hodges
Affirmative Action
Programs designed to ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas of life.
The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in ______.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education
The Supreme Court upheld the busing of children out of their neighborhoods for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools.
Which of the statements below are true of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program?
The Trump administration's attempt to rescind the program was invalidated by the Supreme Court. The program was established by the Obama administration in 2012.
Which of the following statements are accurate representations of the Hispanic population in the United States?
The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands. Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years.
equal rights (civil rights)
The right of every person to equal protection under the laws and equal access to society's opportunities and public facilities.
Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?
They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college. Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average.
1964 Civil Rights Act
This act prohibited Discrimination because of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin by employers or labor unions
In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, DC, to protest federal policy.
Trail of Broken Treaties
What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?
Wounded Knee
Fisher v. University of Texas
a case which ruled that strict scrutiny should be applied to determine the constitutionality of a race-sensitive admissions policy.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
Civil rights act of 1968
a law that banned discrimination in housing
A company that has a contract with the federal government to construct a road on federal land institutes policies that ensure that its hiring practices are fair and do not exclude members of minority groups. In this way, the company is complying with _____ requirements.
affirmative action
Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?
affirmative action
In the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court found that segregated schools made Black students feel like they had _____ in the community and were thus "inherently unequal."
an inferior status
The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.
bilingual
Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?
civil rights
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender
Which type of discrimination is based on the law?
de jure discrimination
What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?
discrimination
Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?
discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods discriminatory practices in housing discriminatory practices in mortgage lending
Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?
equal access to public facilities the right of every person to equal protection under the law equal access to the opportunities society provides
In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to ______.
establish policies aimed at ensuring that all job applicants are treated fairly
True or false: The idea that "all men are created equal," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, has always been understood to include all people in the United States. True false question.
false
Hispanics who have immigrated to the U.S. are generally concentrated ______.
in their states of entry
In the presidential election following enactment of the Voting Rights Act, Black turnout in the South ______.
increased by 20 percentage points
In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that Blacks ______ public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.
must be allowed to use
Which of the following are current policy issues for Native Americans?
preserving their culture and languages preventing casino gambling from eroding tribal traditions obtaining economic self-sufficiency
Adarand v. Peña (1995)
racial classifications, imposed by the federal government, must be analyzed under the standard of "strict scrutiny." Affirmative action plans are now held to a lesser degree of importance.
Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?
reasonable-basis test
At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations. Multiple choice question.
redlining
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that "" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
separate
Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.
strict-scrutiny
According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of ______.
suspect classifications
What are comparable worth policies?
those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education
True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public accommodations such as restaurants and movie theaters, is based on Congress's power to regulate commerce.
true, : Congress's power to regulate commerce is in Article II of the Constitution and is the basis for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?
whites-only primaries poll taxes literacy tests
Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in ______.
winning elective office
What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?
younger adults
