POSITIONING Merrill's Workbook Chapter 5 Self-Test
What is the centering point for the central ray on the AP projection of the first digit (thumb)?
First MCP joint
Which articulation of the upper extremity is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers?
First carpometacarpal
For the axiolateral projection (Coyle Method) of the elbow to demonstrate the coronoid process, the elbow is:
Flexed 80 degrees
How should the hand be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the hand?
From the prone position, rotate the hand radial side up
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium?
Greater Multangular
What is the roughened process of the humerus superior and lateral to the intertubercular groove?
Greater tubercle
Which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist?
Hamate, Capitate, Trapezium, and Trapezoid
Which bony structures are located on the proximal radius?
Head and tuberosity
Which two structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint?
Head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna
Which two structures articulate to form the distal end of the radioulnar joint?
Head of the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius
Which type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge
Which articulation do the trochlea and the trochlear notch form?
Humeroulnar
When performing an image of a forearm in a fiberglass cast, approximately which compensation to exposure techniques should occur?
Increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp
Which joint is a hinge-type joint?
Interphalangeal
Which depression is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus?
Intertubercular groove
Which projection of the forearm requires that the elbow be flexed 90 degrees?
Lateral
Which projection of the wrist requires that the radial styloid process be superimposed over the ulnar styloid process?
Lateral
With reference from the trochlea, where is the capitulum located?
Lateral
Which of the following is best to demonstrate a foreign body in the hand?
Lateral in extension
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
Lateral projection
Where is the capitulum located?
Lateral side of the distal humerus
Where in the wrist is the trapezium located?
Lateral side of the distal row
Where in the wrist is the scaphoid located?
Lateral side of the proximal row
One way that the lateral image of a humerus, produced with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the IR placed between the arm and thorax, appears different from the lateral position with the patient standing is that the former demonstrates:
Less than the entire humerus
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezoid?
Lesser Multangular
Which bony process is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus?
Lesser tubercle
Where in the wrist is the hamate located?
Medial side of the distal row
Each proximal phalanx articulates with a:
Metacarpal bone
Which bones comprise the palm of the hand?
Metacarpals
Which joint is an ellipsoidal joint?
Metacarpophalangeal
Which joint of the hand is formed by the articulation of the head of a metacarpal with a digit?
Metacarpophalangeal
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid?
Navicular
Which depression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa
Which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm?
Olecranon process
Which of the following should be used to image the radial head on a trauma patient?
Axiolateral projection (Coyle Method) of elbow joint
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate?
Os magnum
Which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger?
The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth digit
Which digit of the hand produces the greatest OID in the lateral projection of that digit?
Third digit
For the PA projection of the hand, where should the central ray be directed?
Third metacarpophalangeal joint
Which wrist-positioning maneuver opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrist?
Ulnar deviation
Which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna?
Ulnar head and styloid process
Which structure is located on the medial side of the distal forearm?
Ulnar styloid process
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate?
Unciform
How should the hand and wrist be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the wrist?
With the hand pronated, rotate the wrist radial side up
Which structure articulates with the capitulum?
Radial head
Which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna?
Radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process
Which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm?
Radial styloid process
Which joint is the most proximal articulation of the wrist?
Radiocarpal
Which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones of the wrist?
Scaphoid and Trapezium
Which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Pisiform, and Triquetrum
Which digit of the hand produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that digit?
Second digit
For the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Slightly arch the hand
Which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius?
Styloid process
For the AP projection of the forearm, which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover?
Supinate the hand
How should the hand be positioned for the AP projection of the forearm?
Supinated
Which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle phalanx with the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the index finger?
The distal interphalangeal joint of the second digit
Which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus?
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is parallel with the IR
With reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position?
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is perpendicular
Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection?
The humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile
Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection?
The lesser tubercle is seen in profile
Which bones comprise the forearm?
Radius and ulna
Where is the trochlear notch located?
Proximal ulna
Which structure articulates with the trochlea?
Proximal ulna
What is the appropriate collimated field for all projections of the first digit (thumb)?
1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint
What is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the second digit?
1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCP joint
What is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the hand?
1 inch on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid
What is the appropriate collimated field for the AP and lateral projection of the humerus?
2 inches distal to the elbow and superior to the shoulder and 1 inch on the sides
What is the appropriate collimated field for all projections of the forearm?
2 inches distal to the wrist and proximal to the elbow and 1 inch on the sides
What is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the wrist?
2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on the sides
How many articulations does the humerus have?
3
What is the appropriate collimated field for the AP projection of the elbow?
3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the sides
From the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that finger?
45
From the prone position, how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that hand?
45 degrees
What is the direction and amount of central ray angulation for the axiolateral projection (Coyle Method) to demonstrate the radial head and capitulum?
45 degrees toward the shoulder
How many metacarpal bones are found in one upper extremity?
5
How many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper extremity?
9
From the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the lateral projection of that finger?
90
How much should the elbow be flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?
90 degrees
Which projection and position of the upper extremity best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile and free of superimposition?
AP oblique of the elbow in medial rotation position
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimposition?
AP oblique, lateral rotation position
What is the central ray orientation for the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle Method) to demonstrate the coronoid process when the patient is seated?
Angled 45 degress away from the shoulder
Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius?
Capitate
Which structure articulates with the radius to form the humeroradial joint?
Capitulum
Which bones are classified as short bones?
Carpals
Which of the following articulates with the bases of the metacarpal bones?
Carpals
Which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist?
Carpometacarpal
Which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals with the bones of the wrist?
Carpometacarpals
Which depression is located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus?
Coronoid fossa
Which description best explains how radial crossover occurs when the forearm is demonstrated?
During the AP projection, the hand is pronated
In which joint is the capitulum located?
Elbow
In which joint is the trochlea located?
Elbow
Which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20 degrees from horizontal?
PA axial (Stecher Method)
Which projection of the wrist best demonstrates the scaphoid carpal bone and its related articulations?
PA projection, ulnar deviated position
Which projection of the wrist corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid carpal bone?
PA with ulnar deviation
Which reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar coronal plane be positioned for the AP projection of the elbow?
Parallel
For lateral projections of the second through fifth digits of the hand, through which joint should the central ray be directed?
Proximal interphalangeal
What is the centering point for the central ray for the PA projection of the third finger?
Proximal interphalangeal joint of the third digit
Which carpal bone only has one name?
Pisiform
The lunate is situated between the:
Triquetrum and Scaphoid
Which structure articulates with the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint?
Trochlea