positive and negative feedback
how is breastfeeding an example of positive feedback?
-the baby suckling at the breast is the initial stimulus detected by sensory receptors in the skin -receptors transmit this input to the control center, which is the hypothalamus of the brain -hypothalamus signals posterior pituitary to release oxytocin -oxytocin is the output sent to the effector -oxytocin stimulates the mammary gland to eject breast milk -the baby feeds and the cycle repeats as long as the baby sucks
most processes in the body are controlled by ____
negative feedback
what are the three components of homeostatic systems
receptor, control center, effector
a stimulus in positive feedback is reinforced to continue in _____ (the same/different) direction(s) until a ________ occurs
the same climactic
describe the positive feedback during breastfeeding
-Sensory detectors detect baby suckling -Message is transmitted to the hypothalamus -Hypothalamus signals posterior pituitary to release the hormone oxytocin -Oxytocin stimulates the mammary gland to eject breast milk -Cycle repeats as long as the baby suckles
discuss the behavior of a variable regulated by negative feedback over time
-it fluctuates around a set point
in a negative feedback system, if the stimulus increases, the homeostatic system is activated to ______ (increase/decrease) the stimulus
decrease
give an example of and explain the process of a harmful positive feedback loop
fever >104F -metabolic rate increases -body produces heat even faster -body temperature continues to rise -further increasing metabolic rate •Cycle continues to reinforce itself •Becomes fatal at 113°F
changing breathing rate in response to an increase in CO2 levels is an example of _____
negative feedback
control mechanism that keeps a variable within normal levels (limits amount of product formed)
negative feedback
control of blood glucose is an example of _____
negative feedback
regulating heart rate and blood pressure when exercising is an example of _____
negative feedback
temperature regulation is an example of ________
negative feedback
withdrawal reflex is an example of _____
negative feedback
the control center of homeostatic systems is generally the ______
nervous system
if a homeostatic system is controlled by negative feedback, the resulting action will always be in the ______ (same/opposite) direction of the stimulus
opposite
control mechanism that increases the original change in a variable
positive feedback
the blood clotting cascade is an example of ______
positive feedback
the end result of ______ is to increase the activity
positive feedback
uterine contractions involved in labor and childbirth are an example of _____
positive feedback
