Positive Psych Final

Which of the following best exemplifies vital courage?

A child with a heart transplant undergoing extensive treatment

Who initially coined the phrase positive psychology?

Abraham Maslow

Which of the following could result from facing stressors directly and repeatedly

An individual could become accustomed to certain predictable negative experiences.

What is at the core of the concept of self-efficacy?

Analyzing one's capacity to reach their desired goal

Paul Meehl coined the term "joy-juice" to refer to ________.

Anything that induces pleasant emotional experiences

With regard to psychophysiology and gratitude, appreciation is different from gratitude in what way?

Appreciation may or may not include others

What does research indicate about the display of intense emotions cultures?

Asians tend to refrain from displaying intense emotions.

What method would allow for a more culturally inclusive way of having students work in groups?

Assigning groups by first name

The belief that clients can learn efficacy beliefs through modeling and actual performance accomplishments is congruent with which model?

Bandura's self-efficacy model

Research on emotions in the 21st century demonstrates that

Both positive and negative emotions may determine how adaptive we are in our daily lives.

Which group would view hopelessness and suffering as natural workings of the world?

Buddhists

How would someone ensure that a measure of perseverance has metric equivalence?

By measuring perseverance in one culture and comparing it with the results from another culture.

A lawyer is very involved with their clients and cases and is always well-prepared in court. The lawyer often tackles more than others think possible, only because the lawyer is very confident in their workability. What is this characteristic of?

Career self-efficacy

Which researcher(s) would define optimism as the stable tendency to believe that good rather than bad things will happen?

Carver and Scheier

If an employer was looking to increase performance or job satisfaction, what kind of goals should they set?

Clear small goals leading up to the company's larger goal

Which term is defined as the extent to which we believe we can work together effectively to accomplish our shared goals?

Collective self-efficacy

Which of the following best describes the contrast between nomothetic and idiographic differences in people?

Nomothetic refers to differences between people; idiographic refers to differences within people.

According to Clifton, what conditions must be in place for talent to manifest itself?

Normal, healthy development and successful experiences in childhood and adolescence

What is flow or "full-capacity" living thought to be directly linked to?

Optimal development and functioning

How do passionate and compassionate love differ from consummate love?

Passionate and compassionate love are types of romantic love

What did factor analyses determine when explaining personality characteristics of "normal" individuals and individuals with personality disorders?

Personalities in the two groups were more alike than different

According to Fredrickson, people's reactions to positive emotions tend to be cognitive. Reactions to negative emotions tend to be ________.

Physical

Which perspectives help provide information about various factors that underpin positive psychology?

Physiology, neurobiology and evolutionary

Head Start is a government-sponsored program that provides poor children with a level of preparation that is equivalent to their economically more advantaged counterparts. What types of prevention is Head Start and example of?

Primary Prevention

How does the MSCEIT assess the respondents' ability to use emotions to facilitate thought?

Respondents are asked to describe feelings using non-feeling words.

Which of the following statements about religiosity and spirituality is true?

Satisfaction for religion probably stems from the social contacts it provides

Having thoughts or actions that are aimed at appreciating and amplifying on a positive experience is referred to as

Savoring

Who is most likely to help someone pick up dropped groceries?

Someone volunteers at an animal shelter

Which of the following has been shown to see a significant increase by using mindfulness meditation?

Spiritual experience

The threat that one feels at being judged on performance relative to negative stereotypes about one's group is called

Stereotype threat

Which of the following is a widely accepted description of spirituality?

The "search for the sacred"

If someone needed to choose a manual that helps provide a common language for strengths, like diagnostic manuals, which of the following should they choose?

The VIA Classifications of Strengths

Which of the following is a component of the definition of gratitude?

The behavior is valuable to the recipient

How did the Mental Health: Culture, Race, Ethnicity report define culture?

The common heritage or set of beliefs, norms, and values of a group

What is the title of the new section of the DSM that assesses clients' cultural experiences?

The cultural formulation interview

What phenomenon has led to lower volunteerism rates?

The drop in unemployment rates

What might affect the number of therapy sessions attended by a Mexican American client?

The lack of racial match between the client and the therapist

The authors suggest that religious and philosophical writings, along with United States culture, have focused on ______.

The pursuit of happiness

If a therapist wanted to refer to a classification of strengths or positive outcomes, what would be the best option?

The search institutes' 40 developmental assets

Robert Kennedy's 1968 speech at the University of Kansas focused on which of the following points?

The things in life that make it worthwhile

Which of these describes a similar viewpoint shared by Martin Seligman and Robert F. Kennedy

Their desire to bring more focus onto what makes life worth living.

An inclusive approach to psychology takes cultural context into consideration

True

It is difficult to assess whether secondary prevention is useful for racial and ethnic minorities because of the lack of research that focuses on them

True

One of the outcomes of positive youth development includes fostering spirituality.

True

Positive Psychology is both a scientific and applied approach to psychology

True

Primary prevention programs for the elderly have yet to show uniformity in beneficial results

True

Professionals who want to consider cultural context should avoid the universality assumption

True

Research has indicated that love, work, and play are connected to someone's degree of mental health.

True

The authors suggest that focusing on only the positive or negatives is not good science.

True

What do Western health-care practitioners base their treatment decisions on?

Universal truths discovered by their fields through the scientific method

In Snyder's story about the airport delay, upon learning that their flights were behind schedule, passengers reacted to the news by

Using a variety of health coping mechanisms

What do the authors suggest can help reveal the power of positive emotions and strengths?

a mindful approach to life

A researcher who creates a measure of joy but does not consider other cultural perspectives, languages, and how it is measured across cultures might find that the measure has poor _______.

cultural equivalence

Which of the following plays a role in determining the extent to which we can make the most of our emotional experiences?

cultural norms

Objective well-being depends on someone's appraisal of their own life.

false

Research reveals that emotional experiences are similar universally

false

Which of the following outcomes has a strong relationship with strength-based development of employees?

greater performance

Which of these is a component of social well-being?

integration

Which theory of happiness would be consistent with the statement "we are happy because we have reached a desired outcome?

need/goal satisfaction theories.

Which of the emotion-related determinants of happiness has the greatest degree of genetic contribution?

negative emotionally

The authors believe that for positive psychology to become more prevelant, it must be based on

scientific principles

African-American and Mexican youth that have shown better self-esteem and academic performance, respectively, due to _____.

strong and ethnic identity

Donald Clifton views strengths as extensions of _____.

talent

Branch 1 of Salovey and Mayer's four-branch model of emotional intelligence includes the ability to pick up on subtle emotional cues

true

Positive Psychology has been shown to have had a bias toward individualistic cultural values.

true

Those who adhered to the genetically deficient perspective believed that people who were deemed interior were unable to benefit from growth opportunities.

true

Which of the following statements is true about the nature of how the elderly experience depression?

Depression is the most frequent problem among older people who go for psychotherapy

Which of the following best describes the culturally different perspective currently held by psychologists and anthropologists?

Each culture has the full potential to grow due to the unique strengths produced within that culture.

What are the four components that positive psychological capital consists of?

Efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience

The authors indicate subjective well-being refers to ____.

Emotional well-being and happiness

Which term is defined as human flourishing that is a result of living a virtuous life?

Eudemonia

Clifton StrengthsFinder results can be compared on an individual basis

False

Individuals in Western cultures view harmony as an important component of happiness

False

Like other areas of psychology, positive psychology does not need to undergo scientific rigor

False

Positive youth programs have developed to the point of avoiding unintended consequences such as stigmatizing minority groups

False

Primary prevention programs have traditionally been viewed as effective by participants and sponsors

False

When presented with information about a case, psychologists are regularly in agreement about the diagnosis

False

Until recently research has shown that it is beneficial, what was discouraged in the workplace?

Friendships between coworkers and managers

Although short-term exercise can help raise positive moods, long-term exercise habits have been shown to produce

Greater happiness

Research in positive psychology has not been used to describe and measure many outcomes; which outcomes have been extensively covered?

Happiness and life satisfaction

Unlike young people, older individuals seem to orient to what type of goals?

Here-and-now goals

In discussing the predictors of hope and its factors of pathways and agency, which of the following statements about ethnic differences is true?

In Asian-Americans, positive affect was a predictor of agentic thinking

Improving mindfulness is related to better spatial abilities, increased ability for awareness and

Increased neuroplasticity

What did the story about a traumatic diving incident demonstrate that use of emotional storytelling?

It had a distressing effect initially, but later had positive effects

What two missions have been neglected by the field of psychology until recently?

Making normal people stronger and fostering human potential

Dealing with negative emotions in a manner that results in rumination might be described as what?

Maladaptive