Powerpoint Questions

The nurse is teaching a client who has renal calculi about foods she should include in her diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the dietary modifications if she selects which items from her menu? Brown rice and green peas Sardines with crackers and hot sauce Pork steak with fried green tomatoes Liver and onions with tomatoes

Answer: A: Rationale: Clients with renal calculi should include a diet high in complex carbs such as brown rice, green peas, and raspberries. Sardine, pork steak, and liver are high in uric acid which increases the likelihood of renal calculi.

A low purine diet should be recommended for clients with which of the following conditions. Select all that apply. Hypertension Renal Calculi Type I Diabetes Mellitus Gout Congestive Heart Failure

Answer: B, D: Rationale: Clients with gout and renal calculi should be recommended a low purine diet to decrease the amount of uric acid in the body because purine converts to uric acid when it is broken down. Clients with hypertension should be recommended a low sodium diet. Clients with Type 1 DM should be recommended an ADA diet, and clients with congestive heart failure should also be recommended a low sodium/cardiac diet.

A nurse educating a client regarding a low purine diet determines education has been effective if the client makes which statement: I am glad I do can still have my two beers while I watch the game I will have a veggie burger rather than steak with my meal tonight I can still have red meat and liver if it is grilled I do not have to limit the sardines in my diet

Answer: B: Rationale- Clients with gout should avoid beer, organ meat, and sardines as they are high in purine content. A veggie burger is a better option as it is low in purine content.

A client recently diagnosed with gout has been told to maintain a low purine diet. The nurse who is teaching this client about foods that are allowed should include which food item in a list provided to the client? Scallops Pickled Herring Wild Turkey Egg Salad Sandwich

Answer: D: Rationale- Clients with gout should avoid foods high in purine such as herring, scallops, and wild turkey. An egg salad sandwich is an ideal choice for a low purine diet.

Which of the following would be most important for someone on a high protein diet? a. Check BP daily b. Increase water intake c. Weight daily d. Eliminate caffeine

B. Increase water intake. Ammonia is a byproduct of the metabolism of protein/amino acids. Increasing fluids will allow your body to excrete the increased ammonia levels.

Which client would most likely be recommended to start a high protein diet? a. Client with BMI of 23 b. Client who is bed bound c. Client with a gluten sensitivity d. Client in renal failure

B. Increased protein is indicated to prevent and treat wounds (possible bed sores). It can also help prevent muscle wasting in immobile clients.

4. A client begins a candidiasis diet. Which statement by the client requires nursing intervention? A. "For breakfast, I can have scrambled eggs, yogurt with strawberries, and water to drink." B. "It is important for me to use non-sugar sweeteners." C. "I often have an energy drink to stay awake." D. "I need to avoid processed meats."

C. Correct: Energy drinks contain high amounts of sugar and caffeine and should be avoided, because they contribute to the growth of candida.

A 21-year-old client is diagnosed with chronic migraines. The health care provider suggests the client consume a low tyramine diet. Which medication should the nurse make sure the client is not taking? A. Isradipine B. Sertaline C. Selegiline D. Venlafaxine

C. Selegiline (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

1. A client is assigned a candidiasis diet. Which statement correctly identifies the type of diet? A. Low Carb B. Low sodium and low fat C. Low phosphorus, low potassium and low sodium D. Low sugar and anti-inflammatory

D. Correct: A candidiasis diet is low in sugar and has anti-inflammatory properties. Because sugar aids in the growth of candida, it should be avoided to help limit its growth potential.

The nurse is teaching a patient about the FODMAP diet. The nurse knows the teaching has been successful when the patient states what? Select all that apply 1. This diet will help me avoid foods that my body has a hard time digesting. 2. This diet will help me lose weight. 3. I can eat fruits without seeds or pits in them. 4. I will need to take vitamin supplements since I am removing some fruits and vegetables from my diet. 5. Keeping a symptom log may help me stay on the FODMAP diet. 6. This diet is short term and may only last up to 6 months.

1,3,5

The nurse recognizes the patient needs additional teaching of a FODMAP diet when the patient states the following; (select all that apply) 1. Garlic is the best thing I can use to season my food with 2. I can use cilantro as garnish 3. I can eat fresh mangos as a snack 4. Black beans will be a good source of fiber on my diet 5. FODMAP stans for fermented, oligo-, vitamin D, minerals, and phosphorus

1,3,5

How does fiber help with constipation? 1. Fiber diet helps by adding bulk to your stool. This allows it to pass easier through the intestinal tract. 2. Fiber absorbs water from your stool making it formed. 3. Fiber regulates your bowel pattern and frequency 4. Fiber helps by reducing inflammation and chances of death.

1. Fiber diet helps by adding bulk to your stool. This allows it to pass easier through the intestinal tract.

Which food sources are appropriate to ensure a proper amount of fiber intake? (Select All That Apply) 1. Apricots, Apples with skin, baked beans, and white breads. 2. Bananas, blueberries, whole-wheat spaghettis, and bran. 3. Corn tortillas, grapes, grapefruit, and navy beans. 4. Potatoes with skin, Carrots, Strawberries, and Cauliflower

2. and 4 Although all of these food sources contain dietary fiber, anything that has been refined does not contain the proper amount of dietary fiber. Also, refined food sources lack the nutrients that we need to sustain our body systems.

You are caring for a 65-year-old Jewish male client who has been admitted to the hospital due to complications regarding IBS. The patient has been prescribed the FODMAP diet. Which tray would be an appropriate selection for this individual's diet? 1. Grilled chicken, baked potato with sour cream, steamed broccoli, yogurt parfait, with apple juice to drink 2.Baked pork chop, side salad with vinaigrette dressing, fresh blueberry/strawberries for dessert, with plain tea to drink 3. Beef tips over brown rice, cooked carrots and broccoli, banana, with green tea to drink 4. Breaded chicken breast, brussels sprouts, baked beans, peaches in syrup, with water to drink

3. Beef tips over brown rice, cooked carrots and broccoli, banana, with green tea to drink

After the nurse is done teaching about which disease processes a high fiber diet can help with the nurse evaluates teaching by having the client list back which disease processes it can help. Which one indicates the need for further teaching? 1. Diverticulosis 2. Diabetes 3. Diverticulitis 4. Diarrhea

3. You don't want to consume a high fiber diet with diverticulitis as it can lead to further irritation and inflammation of the GI tract.

The nurse is teaching the patient about a high fiber diet, which of the following statements indicates they need further teaching? 1. "I can still eat navy beans, wheat bread, peas, and raspberries." 2. "Its okay to have tomato soup with steamed broccoli." 3. "Whole-wheat spaghetti, oatmeal, and citrus fruits will be okay to have." 4. "A loaded potato with sour cream, cheese, onions, and bacon is high in fiber"

4. "A loaded potato with sour cream, cheese, onions, and bacon is high in fiber"

A client who is on a low tyramine diet needs assistance picking out snacks that are appropriate. Which snack option should the nurse pick as an appropriate snack for a low tyramine diet? A. Raisins B. Cheddar Cheese C. Chocolate Ice Cream D. Avocado Toast

A. Applesauce (Apples are a non-citrus fruit that are safe to eat)

2. A client begins a candidiasis diet. Which supplement is recommended to take with this diet? A. Probiotic B. Iron C. Zinc D. Fiber

A. Correct: Probiotics are recommended because they help protect the gut and the immune system. This is because probiotics increase the good bacteria in the gut, that was originally overgrown with the bad bacteria of the candida infection.

Which are S/S of lactose intolerance? Diarrhea, N/V, cramps Fever, chills, increased WBC Acid reflux, difficulty swallowing Constipation, pruritus

ANSWER: A. diarrhea, N/V, cramps S/S of lactose intolerance include diarrhea, N/V, cramps, gas, and bloating Fever, chills, increased WBC is not the appropriate answer and is consistent with an infection. Acid reflux, difficulty swallowing are signs and symptoms consistent with patients with GERD. Constipation, pruritus isn't an appropriate answer because patients lacking lactase will likely have diarrhea due to undigested lactose remaining in the intestine will draw water into the digestive tract.

Which is the most appropriate for a client with lactose intolerance? Chili and a grilled cheese Grilled chicken, brown rice, and steamed carrots Cottage cheese and pineapples Salmon and a loaded baked potato

ANSWER: B. grilled chicken, brown rice, steamed carrots Option B is the only diet listed that does not contain lactose Chili and grilled cheese would not be appropriate due to the lactose in the grilled cheese. Cottage cheese and pineapples would not be appropriate due to the lactose in the cottage cheese. Salmon and loaded baked potato would not be appropriate due to the lactose in the lactose that would be included in the cheese and sour cream on the potato.

A client with lactose intolerance lacks the enzyme _______ to digest lactose. Lipase Amylase Trypsin Lactase

ANSWER: D. Lactase Lactase deficiency prevents the digestion of lactose, causing the S/S of lactose intolerance.

A breastfeeding mother of an infant with lactose intolerance asks the nurse about dietary measures. What foods should the nurse tell the mother are acceptable to consume while breastfeeding? Select all that apply Egg Yolk 1% milk Dried beans Green leafy vegetables Hard cheeses

ANSWERS: egg yolk, dried beans, green leafy vegetables Breastfeeding moms with lactose intolerance babies should be encouraged to limit dairy products. Both hard cheeses and 1% milk contain lactose which are foods that are meant to be avoided.

3. Which of the following is not an anti-body blood test ordered by a physician to diagnose Celiac Disease? A. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) B. Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies (tTG-IgA) C. IgA Endomysial antibody (EMA) D. IgA serum

The answer is A. Option A is a type of test used to assess for Lupus NOT Celiac Disease. Options B, C, D are antibodies screened in patients with suspected Celiac Disease.

6. Your patient was admitted 3 days ago for treatment of severe malnourishment secondary to Celiac Disease. The patient is doing well and will be discharged tomorrow. When you arrive to the patient's room, the patient's friends and family are visiting and have brought dinner for the patient. Which food item below should the patient avoid consuming? A. Pork barbeque sandwich B. Steak and steamed broccoli C. Braised chicken with carrots D. Vegetables and rice

The answer is A. The pork is okay to eat but the bread of the sandwich is not. Sandwich bread (bun) typically is made up of wheat which contains gluten. All the other options are okay to eat.

2. A patient is suspected to be suffering from Celiac Disease. The physician orders an endoscopy. If the patient has Celiac Disease, what finding will be discovered with the endoscopy? A. Over exaggerated intestinal villi B. Ulcerations in the small intestine, specifically the Jejunum C. Flat intestinal villi D. Cobble-stone appearance throughout the small intestine

The answer is C. Normally, the intestinal villi look like little finger-like projections. The villi aid in the absorption of the nutrients by increasing the surface area for absorption. However, when Celiac Disease occurs the villi are DAMAGED (attacked by the immune system) and they will appear FLAT. This will decrease the surface area for absorption and lead to malnourishment issues in the patient.

1. You're educating a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of Celiac Disease. You ask the group to identify the specific protein that plays a role in the immune reaction experienced in Celiac Disease. Which answer is correct?* A. Zein B. Globulins C. Gliadins D. Glutamate

The answer is C. There are several proteins in wheat. One of them is called GLUTEN. Gluten itself is constructed with a group of proteins called GLIADIN and glutenin. Gliadin is the problem with Celiac Disease because it triggers an immune response.

4. A patient, who was recently diagnosed with Celiac Disease, has blister type bumps on the elbow and knees. The patient reports it is extremely itchy. As the nurse, you know this is as known as: A. Seborrheic Dermatitis B. Psoriasis C. Dyshidrotic Eczema D. Dermatitis Herpetiformis

The answer is D. Patients will Celiac Disease may exhibit skin rashes. Dermatitis Herpetiformis is a VERY itchy blister type rash that can be present on the elbows, knees, buttocks, or hairline. All the other options are not typically present in Celiac Disease.

5. During an outpatient clinic visit, a female patient reports feeling abdominal bloating/pain, and diarrhea when eating foods that contain wheat or rye. The patient states her mother was diagnosed with Celiac Disease 5 years ago. What other symptoms will you assess the patient for that can be present in Celiac Disease? SELECT-ALL-THAT-APPLY: A. Unexplained Weight loss B. Jelly-like stools C. Mouth ulcers D. Menstrual irregularities E. Pain at McBurney's Point F. Ribbon-like stools G. Inability to tolerate dairy products H. Enamel changes

The answers are A, C, D, G, and H. These options are seen in Celiac Disease. Option B is seen in Intussusception. Option E is seen in appendicitis. Option F is seen in Hirschsprung's Disease.

Which group is most likely to have the lowest protein intake? 1. Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians 2. Body Builders 3. Vegans 4. Obese patients

Vegans, they do not eat any animal products which have the highest amounts of protein/serving.

3. The nurse teaches a client about a candidiasis diet. Which foods are included in the teaching? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) A. Chicken B. Bananas C. Broccoli D. Lemons E. Tuna

a,c,d

A client who is taking phenelzine (Nardil) asks the nurse about dietary restrictions. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the client to not consume? (SATA) A. Pepperoni B. Fresh Tuna C. Smoked Fish D. Overripe Figs E. Cottage Cheese F. Lemonade

a,c,d

The Nurse is providing Care for a client who takes MAOIs and has started experiencing Migraine headaches after breakfast. Which statement(s) would be a concern for the nurse? SATA A. "Every morning, I have a cup of decaf coffee with a packet of Hot chocolate added to it." B. "My favorite breakfast food is a whole wheat bagel with Cream cheese" C. "I like to fry my eggs in butter, not olive oil" D. Every morning, I eat scrambled eggs with salsa, onions, bell peppers, and cheddar cheese"

a,d

Select All That Apply Which foods would be encouraged to increase protein intake for a client placed on a high protein diet? Cottage Cheese Tofu Lentils Celery Edamame Pumpkin Seeds

all but celery

Which of the following are symptoms of IBS? (select all that apply) 1. Frequent changes in bowel habits 2. Constipation and diarrhea 3. Bloating and excessive amounts of gas 4. Abdominal cramping and discomfort

all of the above