Practice Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis

interphase.

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

Mutation

A change in the nucleotides sequence of an organism's DNA; mutation also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus; the altimate source of genetic diversity

Autosome

A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism, in mammals, any chromosome other than X or Y.

Sex chromosome

A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female

Tetrads

A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatoids. Tetrads form during prophase 1 of meiosis

Cell cycle

A regulated, continuous sequence of preparation (interphase) and division (mitosis) in a cell

Gamete

A sex cell; a haploid sperm or egg.

Nondisjunction

An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at anaphase

Somatic

Any cell in a multicellular organism, except sperm or egg cell.

Centrosomes

Areas from which spindle fibers form.

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

Mitosis

Cell's division (PMAT) of the nucleus. Final product is 2 cells that are exactly like the parent cell.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

prophase I.

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination (crossing over) of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

Synapsis

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

G2

Final preparation phase. Cell checks for DNA errors and begins to form centrosomes.

Prophase

First phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and nuclear membrane disappears

Meiosis

In a sexually reproducing organism, the division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploid daughter nuclei produce haploid gametes from diploid cells in the reproductive organs of the parents

Diploid

In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent; a 2n cell has 46 chromosomes

Equator

In cells, the middle part of the cell where the chromosomes line up during metaphase.

G1

In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles.

Haploid

In the life cycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell contains a single set of chromosomes; a n cell has 23 chromosomes

Cancer

Malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

four haploid cells.

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

Nuclear Membrane

Membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

Sister chromatoids

One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell

Four phases for mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Metaphase

Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Spindle fibers

Special strands which grow, connect to chromosomes, and separate them during mitosis.

G-0

The "arrest" stage in the cell cycle.

S phase

The "synthesis" phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

Chromatin

The DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. When the cell is not dividing, exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Cell division

The common name for mitosis.

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

The correct order of events during meiosis is what?

Spindle Apparatus

The cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.

Mitosis

The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei make up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle

Telophase

The fourth and final stage of mitosis, in which nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.

Centromere

The part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids

Independent Assortment (Random Assortment)

The process that helps lead to genetic diversity and happens in metaphase I?

Crossing Over (Recombination)

The process that helps lead to genetic diversity and happens in prophase I?

Prophase

The spindle forms during which phase?

Homologous Chromosomes

The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell.

Daughter Cells

The two identical cells created during cell division.

Anaphase

Third phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome.

Cell Cycle

What does this image represent?

Mitosis

What does this image represent?

Crossing over & Independent Assortment (Random Assortment)

What two process leads to genetic diversity in meiosis?

Neurons

Which type of cell cannot divide and will go into "arrest" phase, G-0?

Chromosomes

X-like bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.

Karyotypes

a display of micrographs of the metaphase choromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position

Crossing Over

the exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1.