Practice Ortho Test #1
What is the maximum recommended time for a tourniquet to be inflated? 3 hours 2 hours 4 hours 1 hour
1 hour Controversial... You notify the surgeon at 60 minutes...maximum time is 90 minutes...2 hours is too long. Must be deflated 10-15 mins before reinflation.
Arrange the stages of fracture healing in their correct order: (1) hematoma; (2) callus ossification; (3) cellular proliferation; (4) callus formation; (5) callus consolidation 1,2,5,4,3 1,4,3,2,5 1,3,2,4,5 1,3,4,2,5
1,3,4,2,5
The normal setting for the pneumatic tourniquet for an arm is 450 - 500 mm hg 300 -350 mm hg 150 - 250 mm hg 200-250 mm hg
200-250 mm hg
Tanks of compressed air or nitrogen must have more than how many pounds of pressure to work properly for air-powered drills, saws, and reamers? 500 lbs 200 lbs 400 lbs 300 lbs
500 lbs
The main purpose of treating a fracture is to accomplish a solid union of bone. Methods of treating fractures include: reduction A, B, C rehabilitation immobilization A & B only
A, B, C
Universal precautions are used in all surgical cases. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons recommends ____________________ for orthopedic surgery. A, B, and C A and B only double gloving full face shield water-impervious shoe covers and gowns
A, B, and C
Identify the possible implant reaction of a scratched surface or mixing of different types. All Of These Corrosion An Electrolytic Reaction Stress/Metal Fatigue
All Of These
Identify type(s) of fracture. Open & Closed Greenstick & Comminuted Simple & Compound All Of These b & c
All Of These
Identify the supplies or instruments that may be used for a tendon repair procedure. b & c Fine wire and other suture material 4-0 to 6-0 Vein retractors All of these Bone buttons
All of these
Identify the best true answer for the following statement. It is a special precaution that scrubbed personnel may take in Orthopedic Surgery due to the hazards. Double glove Waterproof/knee high covers Face shield All of these are special precautions that may be used.
All of these are special precautions that may be used.
Identify the best statement regarding the replantation of an extremity. All of these are true statements. May require an irrigation setup. Involves nerve and vascular repairs. Should be performed prior to 3-7 hours after complete or incomplete amputation.
All of these are true statements.
Identify an immobilizing nonsurgical treatment for a clavicular fracture. Figure Eight Splint Shoulder Spica Velpeau Bandage Minerva Jacket
Figure Eight Splint
Which of the following articulates with the head of the femur? intertrochanteric crest greater trochanter ischial tuberosity acetabulum
acetabulum
Osteogenisis depends on all of these age of patient extent of injury none of these methods of alignment
all of these
Postoperative complications of orthopedic surgery include wound infection all of these thromboembolism and fat embolism none of these pneumonia and urinary tract infection
all of these
The musculoskeletal system consists of structures that provide bony shape, support and protect vital organs. What does the system include? cartilage, ligaments and tendons none of these all of these bones, joints, and muscles
all of these
Instrumentation for an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) may include only kirshner wires are used all of these can be used screws, plates, nails compression plates and screws kirschner wires and steinman pins
all of these can be used
Basic techniques apply to handling upper and lower extremities in orthopedic surgery. General considerations include: extremities are not prepped circumferentially an esmarch bandage may be used to exsanguinate the blood prior to inflation of tourniquet irrigation is seldom used ischemia time is not a critical factor with tourniquet inflation
an esmarch bandage may be used to exsanguinate the blood prior to inflation of tourniquet
Which ligament originates from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the lateral condyle of the femur? Name the ligament of the knee that crosses from the anterior tibia to lateral condyle of the femur. patellar anterior cruciate posterior cruciate fibular collate
anterior cruciate
Cephalothin sodium (Keflin) is an antibiotic mydriatic steroid diuretic
antibiotic
Exploration of a joint may be labeled as an articulation. arthroplasty. arthodesis. arthrotomy.
arthrotomy.
A patient is scheduled for an anterior cruciate ligament repair. The surgeon plans to use the patient's patellar tendon. This is an example of which type of graft? allograft autograft heterogenous xenograft
autograft
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? axis lumbar thoracic atlas
axis
The initial step in the body's repair of a fracture involves ____. callus formation blood clot ossification fibrin mesh
blood clot
What type of instrument is a Lowman? rongeur retractor bone-holding clamp rasp
bone-holding clamp
The type of screw used for a tibia fracture at the epiphysis is cancellous cortical
cancellous
Mrs. Jones was brought into the ER with a simple fracture and is scheduled for a closed reduction in the OR. The surgical team will have a _________ available for use. power drill cast cart fracture table bone holding forceps
cast cart
Which of the following suture is NOT used to attach tendon to bone? surgical steel polyester polypropylene chromic
chromic
What is the procedure when you are Manipulating bone fracture fragments into alignment without incising the skin? internal fixation closed reduction open reduction external fixation
closed reduction
Which type of fracture is complete and results in several bony fragments? spiral fissured comminuted oblique
comminuted
An example of a flat bone is vertebrae facial bones wrist cranial bones
cranial bones
Identify the most common type of fracture that Osteoporosis may cause. Traumatic Fracture Stress Fracture Pathologic Fractures Compound Fractures
Pathologic Fractures
Which of the following retractors would NOT be found on a major bone set? Hohmann Richardson Ragnell Bennett
Ragnell
Name the term that refers to dead bone, which can occur with osteomylitis. Necrosis Osteoporosis Sequestrum Involucrum
Sequestrum
The area of a bone where growth occurs until early adulthood is the appositional growth endosteum epiphyseal plate medullary canal
epiphyseal plate
The distal and proximal ends of long bones are called ____. periosteum endosteum epiphyses diaphyses
epiphyses
How often are tourniquets deflated during surgery every 30 minutes every 2 hours for several minutes every 3 hours for several minutes every hour for several minutes
every hour for several minutes
Which type of casting material is inexpensive, lightweight, and strong? acetate methyl methacrylate fiberglass plaster
fiberglass
The muscle that forms the bulk of the upper calf is the hamstrings quadriceps gastrocnemius biceps femoris
gastrocnemius
Which style of cast is applied to the trunk, around the affected leg, and around half of the unaffected leg? body jacket long-leg cast hip spica cylinder cast
hip spica
Which bone articulates with the glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint? humerus radius ulna scapula
humerus
Which bone articulates with the glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint? radius humerus scapula ulna
humerus
Which bone is posterior to the mandible and anterior to the trachea? clavicle cricoid hyoid temporal
hyoid
Bone grafts are usually taken from the ____. ilium sacrum iliac crest ischium
iliac crest
A cortical graft can be taken from which of the following structures? distal radius ilium olecranon tibia
ilium
An example of a cartilaginous joint is the ____. knee elbow temporomandibular intervertebral disk
intervertebral disk
Which of the following is the largest and most complex of the synovial joints? shoulder hip elbow knee
knee
Osteocytes are located in minute, bony chambers called ____ . canaliculi trabeculae lacuna osteons
lacuna
Plaster rolls should be submerged in cold water (50-60 degrees F) lukewarm water (77 degrees F) very cold water (30-40 degrees F) very warm water - (90-100 degrees
lukewarm water (77 degrees F)
At its distal end, the tibia expands to form a prominence on the inner ankle called the ____. calcaneous tibial tuberosity medial malleolus lateral malleolus
medial malleolus
Identify the method of curing the polyporpylene web wrap used to immobilize fractures in lightweight casts. Heating Lamp Black Light Cast Dryer Sunlamp
Black Light
Identify a common treatment postop for patients who have had orthopedic surgery. Elevation on pillows Ice application Both are used for postop
Both are used for postop
What surgical procedure is performed to relieve pressure on the median nerve? Carpal tunnel release External fixation of radius MPJ replacement ORIF
Carpal tunnel release
A fracture at the distal end of the radius in which the smaller fragment is displaced posteriorly is called ____. Colles' fracture Pott's fracture transcervical fracture Smith fracture
Colles' fracture
Which of the following terms describes a fracture in which the bone penetrates the skin? Simple Compound Closed Greenstick
Compound
A surgeon has determined that a paitent requires an ORIF, using a plate and screw to repair a fracture of the distal radius. On which aspect of the distal radius with the incision and approach to the fracture be made? dorsal radial ulnar volar
volar
Read the following situation and decide which decision is the best action to take. You visit your patient in preop holding and notice that he has a cast. The patient is to have an ORIF of the femur. You would do none of these. Discuss with surgeon bivalving or removal of the cast after the patient is asleep. Discuss with surgeon bivalving or removal prior to transporting patient to OR. You remove it prior to entering the OR to prevent dust and then tell the surgeon.
Discuss with surgeon bivalving or removal prior to transporting patient to OR.
Where are cruciate ligaments found in the knee? between the tibial and femoral condyles lateral and medial in the knee within the condylar notch anterior and posterior in the knee
within the condylar notch
What is the name of the rubber bandage used to facilitate drainage of extremity vessels before application of a tourniquet? Awl Kerlix Minerva Esmarch
Esmarch
Identify the type of supply that is not used for cast padding. Esmarch Bandage Sheet Wadding Stockinet Webril
Esmarch Bandage
Identify the fracture, which most commonly occurs in childhood. Spiral Comminuted Compound Greenstick
Greenstick
Identify which type of cast is applied from the hips to the head to immobilize cervical fractures. Minerva Jacket Shoulder Spica Body Jacket Plaster Shell
Minerva Jacket
The most common joint disease is the degeneration of articular cartilage in a joint. Name this condition. Osteoporosis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis
Osteoarthritis
Name the condition of adult rickets. Chondomalacia Osteomalacia Osteitis Deformans Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Name the acute infection that spread to the bone from the bloodstream. Osteomylitis Osteomalacia Osteoporosis Osteitis
Osteomylitis
Name the term, which means increased porosity of bone. Osteomyelitis Ecchymosis Ossification Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
A fracture of the malleolus is called Pott's fracture Colles fracture Bennetts fracture Smith's fracture
Pott's fracture
Choose the principal goal of treatment in regards to fractures of the upper extremities. Restore Alignment Restore Length Preserve Mobility Provide Stability
Preserve Mobility
Identify the fracture that is similar to an oblique. The only difference between the two is the length of the fracture line. Pathologic Transverse Spiral Comminuted
Spiral
A triangular muscle that abducts the arm is called latissimus rhomboideus trapezius deltoid
deltoid
A triangular muscle that abducts the arm is called latissimus rhomboideus trapezius deltoid
deltoid
The complete dislocation of a joint is called: subluxation strain dislocation avulsion
dislocation
Which of the following is the correct sequence of surgical instruments for the insertion of a bone screw? tap, screw, drill, depth gauge drill, tap, depth gauge, screw drill, screw, tap, depth gauge drill, depth gauge, tap, screw
drill, depth gauge, tap, screw
Identify the location of a carponavicular fracture. Knee Wrist Thumb Elbow Heel
Wrist
Kirshner wires are inserted by a mallet a drill an assistant twisting with a kocher
a drill
Which characteristic does not belong to a synovial joint? freely movable joint composed of a joint capsule and fluid filled cavity articular cartilage on ends of bones a synchondrosis containing hyaline cartilage fusing bones together
a synchondrosis containing hyaline cartilage fusing bones together
Which cells break down and assimilate bone? osteoclasts osteocytes osteoblasts fibroblasts
osteoclasts
A softening of adult bone due to a disorder in calcium and phosphorus metabolism is called ____. osteomalacia osteochondritis osteonecrosis osteogenesis
osteomalacia
Which hemostatic agent is NOT used in orthopedics? bone wax thrombin Gelfoam oxidized cellulose
oxidized cellulose
What does an assessment of Neurovascular impairment of the extremities include? pallor, pulses, pink parathesia, puffiness, paralysis, pallor, pulses, pain parathesia, puffiness, paisley
parathesia, puffiness, paralysis, pallor, pulses, pain
The dense white fibrous covering around the bone periosteum medullary canal endosteum intramembranous
periosteum
Extending the foot at the ankle is referred to as ____. dorsiflexion abduction pronation plantar flexion
plantar flexion
Transverse or short oblique fractures may be internally fixed by rods transfixion screws plate and screws nails
plate and screws
Which of the following constitutes the anterior portion of the coxal bones of the pelvis? ilium sacrum ischium pubis
pubis
During an ORIF of the distal radius, the surgeon transects the transverse carpal ligament to reduce the possibility of carpal tunnel syndrome postoperatively provide exposure for the procedure. provide increased wrist range-of-motion postoperativelyu. reduce the possibility of de quervain's tenosynovitis postoperatively
reduce the possibility of carpal tunnel syndrome postoperatively
Which bones are attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae? ribs sternum clavicles scapulas
ribs
Posteriorly, the ilium joins the sacrum at the ____. pubic arch symphysis pubis sacroiliac joint ischium
sacroiliac joint
The plane of reference that divides the body into right and left parts is called coronal transverse frontal sagital
sagital
The acromion is part of which bone? humerus clavicle ulna scapula
scapula
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called: lordosis scoliosis kyphosis spina bifida
scoliosis
A fractured metacarpal would require a splint cylinder cast long arm cast short arm cast
short arm cast
Turning the hand so that the palm is upward is referred to as ____. eversion supination inversion pronation
supination
When moving a patient with an unsplinted fracture, protection of the fracture is the responsibility of circulator anesthesiologist scrub person surgeon
surgeon
Which bone articulates (connects at a joint) with the distal tibia and fibula? calcaneus talus patella tarsus
talus
Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint? thumb and trapezium ulna and radius femur and hip radius and carpals
thumb and trapezium
The medial malleolus is a part of which bone? tibia fibula calcaneus talus
tibia
Identify the best statement which completes this sentence: Infection in bone may become chronic or cause a failure of an implant, therefore... traffic is limited implants must be flashed appropriately traffic is restricted traffic is best completed prior to incision
traffic is best completed prior to incision
A large bony process found on the femur is a olecranon trochanter condyle tubercle
trochanter
What medical term is used to refer to the first seven rib pairs? false true thoracic floating
true
When assisting on a knee arthroscopy, access to the medial meniscus can be achieved by using whihc of the following manipulations? abduction valgus varus adduction
valgus Valgus is an abnormal outward turning of a bone - opens the medial compartment for better visualization. Varus is an abnormal inward turning of a bone that opens the lateral compartment. (abduction moves away from the body; adduction moves toward the body)
