Practice Questions
Which of these is true of the constructivism theory?
Constructivism is the theory that people make their own knowledge through life experiences.
In education, a student will work with addition and subtraction an innumerable amount of times from the first time it was introduced to them because of which principle?
Continuity deals with the idea that students will work with topics more than once throughout their academic careers. Things like reading and math all compound on the foundational elements that we are taught early on, making it impossible not to review and relearn information.
When an absolute answer is trying to be found or solved, the brain is using?
Convergent thinking occurs when their is a definite answer to a problem, and one it attempting to determine what that answer is. Next Question
Collaboration among teachers allows them to see things from different perspectives and learn that there might be multiple correct approach to situations and problems. Which benefit of collaboration does this describe?
Critical Thinking and New Perspectives- Collaboration among teachers doesn't just benefit the teachers. When teachers are able to see the perspectives of their students and their families, everyone benefits.
Which of the following are effective strategies for incorporating culturally relevant teaching?
Culturally relevant teaching involves modifying a curriculum to address diversity in the classroom. Reciprocal teaching and cooperative learning are two effective strategies for implementing this approach.
As with any traditional paper and pencil assessment, when using technology to administer assessments it is still important that _____ .
Depending on when the questions are being used as an assessment, and whether that assessment is formative or summative, is important; however, when using the questions to drive instruction, it is more important to align the questions to the objectives/standards.
When an educator gives clear directions and lays out what the objective of a lesson is for students they are providing
Direct instruction is straight forward instruction that is given to students where the lesson objective and purpose are plainly stated. Students' level of understanding are checked throughout the lesson to ensure there is a high level of comprehension.
What is distance education?
Distance education includes written and virtual learning. In distance education, typically the student and the teacher live in two different locations and conduct the learning either through correspondence or online.
Which of the following is an example of Fair Use?
Fair Use includes guidelines such as a maximum of 3 minutes are used - or 10% of the entire work, whichever is smaller, for multi-media materials. The material must have been obtained legally by either the school or the instructor.
Fair use governs which of the following?
Fair use governs how copyrighted material may be used in educational settings. Each media type (written, audiovisual, music. etc) has its only limits under fair use law.
The most important agent of socialization is
From infancy, the family takes care of a person. The family looks after the well-being of its members. It is also responsible for teaching a child some values and following norms. These make the family the most important agent of socialization.
Jason will maintain a minimum 80% completion rate for homework assignments in all of his academic and elective classes. If Jason requires extended time to complete an assignment, he must first communicate this need to his teacher prior to the assignment due date. This is an example of which key component of an IEP? Assessing Current Academic Performance Measurable Goals and Objectives Personalized Educational Services Transition Planning
This is an example of a measurable goal for the student to reach. As is evident in the example, measurable goals must have a timeframe (academic year), condition (communication with his teacher), behavior (homework completion), and the criterion (80% completion).
A teacher handles a class of middle school students. Which of the following can the teacher observe from the students that shows signs of maturation?
Growth involves the physical development of the body. Maturation involves physical, intellectual, or emotional development. It usually involves two or all of them. From the given choices, being able to analyze and solve harder math problems is a sign of maturation. It involves the physical growth of the brain and its corresponding intellectual development.
Hugo is sixteen. He often appears to be immature for his age and struggles with information processing while also often needing assistance partaking in routine tasks that students are asked to complete each day. Hugo has an IEP, and this is likely the result of
Hugo shows signs of delayed intellectual functioning, including difficulty processing, completing simple tasks, and appearing immature for his age.
Ralph Taylor's view of curriculum design includes which of the following principles?
Ralph Taylor believed that to design an effective curriculum, the curriculum must have continuity (review content over time), integration (relevancy in the student's life), and sequence (organization, building on one day's lesson to the next).
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of classical conditioning?
Reinforcement is a key concept of operant conditioning. Classical conditioning focuses on a stimulus and a response. The key concepts of classical conditioning are acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination.
In terms of classroom instruction, what are manipulatives?
In terms of classroom education, manipulatives are physical and visual tools to assist a student in understanding a concept. Manipulatives are helpful resources for teaching in a variety of topics, including math, poetry, geography, and language.
Which of Erik Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development occurs between the ages of three and six years old?
In the preschool stage, the basic conflict/psychosocial crisis is initiative v. guilt.
What is true of reinforcements?
Reinforcements, whether positive or negative, serve to strengthen and enhance behavior.
What are independent small-groups?
Independent small groups contain students that all work on the same task.
A student is late to class every time he stops to talk with his friends in the hallway. The student stops talking to his friends with the idea that he will now be on time without making the detour. The student is using?
Inductive reasoning occurs when a conclusion is found through analysis and generalizations. The student mentioned above has deducted that his stop along the way to class is the reason for his tardiness so he will cut out the stop to attempt to be on time.
When referring to safety in the classroom, which dimensions are included under the umbrella of safety?
School counselors help students with issues at school and personally. Additionally, they play a key role in helping students prepare for college. School guidance counselors fill roles in leadership, advocacy, and support.
What is the difference between an integrated lesson and an interdisciplinary lesson?
Integrated and interdisciplinary lessons both combine lessons from different subject areas into one lesson based on a theme. They both might be taught by one or more teachers.
What is the defining characteristic of an integrated lesson?
Integrated lessons take two subject areas and combine them as a means to reach the learning goals for a specific class. For example, an English class may intersect with history when discussing the time period of a specific novel.
Which instructional model involves the practical application of what is being taught through student engagement and collaboration?
Interactive instruction is a model of learning and instruction that involves students directly working with what they are learning with real world context. This can be done through debates and group discussions.
Question 3 A student has been in one school system for ten years. That student has developed strong friendships during this time. This exemplifies which of the following?
Schools have various functions that impact students' lives outside the scope of academia. Schools provide an environment or atmosphere for students to develop relationships with others, and while not a direct function of a school system, this is a latent function.
Teachers work to motivate and encourage students early on in education so that they can begin to develop their own confidence and ability. When students are able to believe they can achieve a goal they have set it is called _____.
Self efficacy is when students can see their own potential. To be able to believe that they can be successful in a task helps to actually push them toward the completion of the task.
What do standardized assessments measure?
Standardized assessments measure the skills students should have learned in their respective grades according to state standards.
The academic goals that a state sets for students to master at different points throughout grade school are referred to as _____.
Standards in education are established by a governing body. These standards layout what students should know at different stages in their time in school.
Which of the following tasks is most likely to be the responsibility of a state government?
State governments are most likely responsible for tasks like policymaking, for example, outlining high school graduation requirements. As opposed to regulating everyday teaching and learning, state governments usually act as advocates for students, facilitate communication between schools and public/political parties and figures, and ensure adherence to overarching policy standards.
Which of the following is NOT an element of The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) for elementary school students?
Student consent is only allowed to prompt record disclosure when students are 18 or older. For elementary school students, parental consent would be required to disclose records (unless the disclosure is required by law).
Which is an example of an indirect instruction method?
Students create learning journals to write their findings on a specified topic.
When developing an assessment, a teacher strives to make sure that what is on the exam has been thoroughly reviewed and discussed in the class and aligns each question to a learning objective. The teacher is making sure that the assessment is which of the following?
The assessment the teacher is creating matches instruction and is valid. For it to have depth, it needs to assess, in a variety of ways, all aspects of each objective.
What learning process are the following steps apart of?
The cognitive process can be thought of as how people gain knowledge through experiences and stimulus that they engage with in their environments.
Which of the following is NOT a step in the cognitive process?
The cognitive process describes how humans process information, remember, and reach decisions. The steps of the cognitive process include: attention, language, learning, memory, perception, and thought.
The components of effective parent-teacher meetings are called the 8 _____
The components of effective parent-teacher meetings are called the 8 P's. The eight P's include preparation, professionalism, partnership, productivity, proactivity, phone calls, policies and procedures, and principal.
What do teachers need in order to understand what they are supposed to be teaching, and how long they should spend on each part of what they are teaching?
A curriculum map is exactly like a regular map for those who are traveling. It tells educators where they need to go with their lessons, and how they are going to get there.
A teacher is working with a paraeducator for the first time in their special education classroom. Which task would most align with the standard role of a paraeducator?
A paraeducator provides educational assistance to students in a classroom. While not the primary point of contact nor the developer of content, the paraeducator should work with students to help them succeed, such as being a mentor to a small group of struggling students.
Which of the following is not a column in the three-column prediction list?
The correct answer is actual outcome. A three-column prediction list is composed of three columns, beginning with your prediction which can be based on title or book cover. The second column is clues used which is the reason you are making these predictions. and then changes to the prediction which is when after reading you modify your thoughts.
Which best characterizes an effective intervention program?
A successful intervention program is one wherein students can achieve similar learning goals as their peers.
Including wait time in your classroom leads students to _____.
The correct answer is higher-ordered thinking. Through research it has been found that wait-time encourages students to process the questions, think through it and then output a response. This wait-time will lead students to having higher-ordered thinking.
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial technique to develop active listening skills?
Active listening involves the way a listener processes and understands the information shared by the speaker. Beneficial techniques to develop active listening skills include paraphrasing, showing concern, and verbal affirmations.
If a student takes an adaptive assessment, it means the assessment is
Adaptive assessments adjust the difficulty of the questions based on the student's performance on earlier questions, which is why such assessments are typically administered through computer programs.
Low-effort thinking is _____.
The correct answer is involuntary. Low-effort thinking is the type of thinking that is automatic such as walking or saying hello. This means that low-effort thinking would not be intentional or time consuming and it would not also be useless since we do need to have those autopilot actions.
Instrumental learning is also known as _____.
The correct answer is operant conditioning. Both are known as the way people learn. They use life events to learn the outcomes and continue to do those that provide reward and stop those that provide harm.
Reciprocal Teaching requires students to summarize, question, clarify and _____.
The correct answer is predict. After the students have summarized the passage, questioned what they still do not know and clarify what they still need to learn, they then need to predict what will come next,.
What are the two ways that Skinner believed people learned?
The correct answer is to avoid negative things and strive for positive things. Skinner believes that a person learns by the outcome. If the outcome of an action is negative the child will not do that action again and if the outcome is positive the child will do that action again.
Which of the following terms refers to the accuracy of the assessment?
The correct answer is validity. Validity checks whether the assessment measures what it is supposed to measure.
A teacher shares the following with students[p===-.''The cafeteria has served pizza every Friday since the school year began. Therefore, the cafeteria will serve pizza every Friday the entire school year.''In attempting to understand reasoning and conclusions, students will recognize that
The information the teacher gives to students exemplifies inductive reasoning which begins narrowly and leads to a generalized conclusion.
According to the theory of Paul Baltes in developmental psychology, in which part of a person's life does growth occur?
The lifelong development theory of psychology believes that growth and development occurs at all points of the life of a person. It does not stop when a person becomes an adolescent. A person still has growth and development even during adulthood.
Which aspect of self-regulation theory refers to how a person holds oneself accountable to complete desired tasks or reach desired goals?
The monitoring component of the self-regulation theory focuses on monitoring and how willing people are to adapt and hold themselves accountable.
The multi-store model of memory has 3 different modes, which are?
The multi store model of memory states that our memory operates in 3 different phases which are sensory register, short-term, and long-term. This model describes how memory works and how these three parts work separately, progressively.
A ninth-grade student has been encouraged by their friends to skip gym class with them. While the student enjoys gym and does not necessarily want to miss the class, the student does not want their friends to continue to bother them about skipping the class. Thus, the student opts to miss gym class to hang out with their friends. With which of the following stages of self-determination is the student's behavior aligned?
Introjected regulation refers to the stage of self-determination exemplified by people not fully taking ownership of a behavior but partaking in the behavior to experience or eliminate some type of feeling.
John Watson's "Little Albert" experiment conditioned an infant to fear which of the following?
John Watson's "Little Albert" experiment showed how classical conditioning can pair an unconditioned stimulus to a conditioned response. The experiment included an infant who was conditioned to fear a white rat.
Preschool students play for the majority of their day in class. They interact with their peers, the toys and objects around them, and their teachers. Students at this age gain new knowledge through their experiences and are able to fine tune and hone their skills through repeated exposure to the elements in their classroom. Preschool students use play and engagement with others to _____.
Learning is how one obtains new knowledge, and at a young age, this is done through simple interactions like sharing blocks and coloring alongside friends.
Students who prefer to learn in a hands-on manner are best described as
Learning styles refer to how learners comprehend and integrate information, and kinesthetic learners learn best through personal experience (in a hands-on manner).
Which of the following are the primary causes of cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger believed people seek to maintain consistency in their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Cognitive dissonance describes what occurs when that consistency is challenged. Cognitive dissonance is primarily caused by forced compliance, decision-making, and effort.
When a child is less than a year old, they work on being mobile and talking. When that child grows and is in middle school, they're learning to manage their added responsibilities in school and at home. As an adult, that same person works on managing their personal and work life with as little stress and anxiety as possible. What type of development is described?
Life span development is a study of how people adapt and progress for their whole lives. People are constantly faced with obstacles, typically associated with their age, and as they continue to live and mature they learn to overcome the problems.
People continue to grow and develop all throughout their lives. Children learn to read and ride bikes, teens learn to drive cars, and adults learn to budget their finances. This is an example of Paul Baltes' idea of
Lifelong development is a part of Baltes' belief that people develop all throughout their lives, with no particular timeframe having more development than the others.
According to Martin Seligman, which of the following characteristics are essential for the development of self-esteem?
Martin Seligman argued that facing challenges, overcoming challenges, and task mastery were imperative for building self-esteem. It is through this process that children gain confidence in their own abilities.
When teachers have students think through their answers they have chosen on an exam, they do so to help students deepen their understanding and reasoning for their choices. Teachers also have students discuss their answers so that they can defend their choice and gain the perspectives of those who may have chosen something different than they have. These types of reflection and discussion are what kind of strategy?
Metacognitive strategies are those that help students to break down their thoughts to further understand them. This can deepen comprehension and strengthen understanding.
Which of the following instructional strategies is the conscious practice of leveraging a person's tendency to behave like another by echoing key phrases during a conversation for clarification?
Mirror language involves reframing what the student says in your own words can help ensure there is no misinterpretation.
A useful achievement test should measure a student's ability to do what?
Most standardized testing involves measuring verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal problems. One example is an IQ test.
Which of the following are examples of motivational tools for teachers to use in the classroom?
Motivational tools in the classroom aim to drive a student's desire to learn. Examples of motivational tools are varied ways of learning, clear objectives, encouraging independence, praise, rewards, and feedback to help students improve.
After his students seemed to get bored with his lectures every single lesson, Mr. Martin decided that it would be a good idea to make his lessons more creative. He started using group discussions, he had guest speakers come in to talk to them, and he had the students role-play as various historical people. What strategy is Mr. Martin using in his classroom?
Mr. Martin varied his methods of instruction
Question 4 In relation to life span development theorization, multidirectional refers to
Multidirectional is a component of life span development, and this focuses on how different aspects of growth and prominence thereof change over time.
A teacher and student hold the following conversation.Teacher: ''Tell me about your study plan for next week's exam.''Student: ''I plan to study for an hour each day prior to the night before, and then I will study for three hours the night before the test.''Teacher: ''So you will dedicate an hour each day until the day before the test when you will dedicate three hours to studying?''The teacher is modeling which of the following?
Paraphrasing is a characteristic of active listening. The teacher paraphrases the student's response to make sure that they understand the student's study plan.
Mr. Smith is planning a science lesson. He plans to include an activity that encourages collaboration and problem-solving. Which kind of group should he choose?
Placing students in student-led groups allows them to practice collaboration, problem solving, and social skills, while also learning and practicing skills you have taught.
The development of a young children fluctuates over a short time period. Kids walk, talk, learn to feed themselves, and work on emotional stability within the first 5 years of age. Children are constantly changing and growing, showing they possess a high level of
Plasticity is the ability to change, and humans start changing from the start of their lives. In the womb, humans are developing and growing to better meet the needs they will have when they are born. This continues to happen all throughout ones' life.
How can teachers increase student participation?
Preferences and personality contribute to a students participation level, which a teacher does not seek to change, but to enable. Sometimes, differentiating the methods of instruction with considerations of the varied learning styles, preferences, and personalities, will increase overall student participation.
Common Core Standards exist for which of the following subject areas?
Common Core Standards exist for English/Language Arts and mathematics only. Subject area standards are broken down by grade level and subsections.
Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation are steps of which kind of learning?
Vicarious learning was conceptualized by Albert Bandura and describes the process of learning by observation. The steps in vicarious learning are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
Which of the seven student learning styles does the student in the example have? Example: Isabelle takes diligent notes during class discussions. In the margins, the teachers sees Isabelle's doodles. Her doodles pertain to the discussion topics.
Visual learners prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding. The student draws pictures, takes notes, and doodles.
Increasing wait time 1 and wait time 2 in the classroom leads to which of the following?
Wait time 1 is the period of time between when the teacher asks a question in the classroom and that question is answered. Wait time 2 is the period of time between when the question is answered and the teacher responds to the answer. Increasing wait time 1 and wait time 2 in the classroom leads to fewer questions from teachers and students and results in better quality answers from students.
It is important to not only implement "raise your hand' participation in your classroom because:
When it comes to participation there are many forms you can implement in your classroom that does not have to be "raise your hand". Students who do not feel comfortable talking in front of crowds or verbalizing their thinking may feel more comfortable with individual work or modeling.
Andrew is strong in math. However, he is struggling with this chapter's new concepts. Mr. Smith set up a conference with Andrew's parents. Mr. Smith started the conference by asking, 'What can we do to help Andrew succeed in learning these math concepts?' This is an example of:
When two parties come together to enhance student learning, it is called educational partnerships and can include anyone who is interested in or committed to enriching educational experiences for students.
How do lesson objectives relate to feedback for students?
When using objectives, students may value feedback more and review it more carefully. While it's true that having objectives can help teachers make the most of their assessments, this isn't required. Qualified teachers who understand their subjects are great at analyzing assessments, with or without objectives, though they can certainly be helpful. The main connection benefit of having objectives when it comes to feedback is the way students may learn to connect the two.
Why is timing important to a learning objective?
When you are creating the learning objective, timing helps you plan the lesson by determining how long it will take for the students to learn the material.
Which of the following is an example of a modification as opposed to an accommodation?
While all these possible adaptations may meet the needs of special needs students, reducing the number of answer choices on a test is a modification since it alters instruction by reducing the level of difficulty of an assessment.
A student who requires a wheel chair is denied permission by the high school principal to attend a field trip due to the cost incurred to transport him. This is a violation of which specific law?
While the ADA protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination, IDEA specifically addresses the rights of individuals with disabilities in schools. Denying a student in a wheel chair access to a field trip is a specific violation of the IDEA.
Cat learns how to tie her shoes. A week later she learns how to swim. These two skills have no impact on one another at all. How could you describe these skills?
Zero transfer is when previous knowledge has no effect on new knowledge, either positive or negative. It is completely neutral to new knowledge.
Which of the following is not a component of an IEP?
An IEP is created for students who have learning disabilities and have three components; express the students current academic level, educational services tailored to meet the individuals needs and set objectives and goals for the student.
In education, an assessment should be defined as what?
An assessment evaluated a student's progress towards a particular goal. This usually involves mastering basic concepts or learning certain skills.
Which of the following is a benefit of an integrated curriculum?
An integrated curriculum connects different areas of study by emphasizing related concepts across subject matters. This style makes it easier for students to make connections and to engage in relevant activities that can be connected to their own lives.
Which of the following levels of Bloom's taxonomy (as amended by Lorin Anderson) does NOT represent higher-order thinking?
Bloom's taxonomy helps teachers identify at which level a student has mastered a concept. The levels in Bloom's taxonomy that represent higher-order thinking include creating, synthesizing, and analyzing.
Several students in your class are struggling with a foundational concept. Further lessons build upon this content. Given what you have learned about scaffolding, what should you do?
If several students are struggling with a concept, it's important to not remove support and move on to another section before students have mastered the previous content. If a teacher moves ahead too quickly, students will start to fall behind and spend all of their time trying to catch up.
Why is it important for teachers to identify key terms and/or critical content from the State standards when they teach?
If teachers take the time to analyze their key terms or critical content from the state standards, it will be easier for them to understand the scope of their course and design appropriate lessons.
Portfolios and presentations are examples of which kind of assessment?
Summative assessments are given at the end of a learning unit to assess students' overall performance, and portfolios and presentations are examples of summative assessments.
Which activity would require students to work within their affective domains?
The affective domain is associated with values, beliefs, and emotions. Thus, students tasked with a fundraising assignment that requires them to raise funds for an organization associated with something they care about would be an assignment that requires students to learn within their affective domains.
A teacher realizes that students in one class period are struggling to take the class seriously. However, the students need a passing grade in the class to graduate. Because of this, the teacher develops surveys and meets with each student individually. Based on the information the teacher gathers, the teacher decides to adopt more relevant, real-life content into the lessons. Upon doing so, the teacher and students discuss what they liked and did not like about the lessons, and the teacher uses such discussions to modify their approach in future lessons. This process exemplifies which of the following?
The scenario describes individual action research. In the classroom, the research is conducted by the teacher and is relevant to the goings on in the classroom. If a group of teachers worked together to gather data, implement a solution, and reflect upon the process, they would be taking part in collaborative action research.
